奈良時代発見の横穴式源泉「伊豆の走湯」

(41)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(41) This time I would like to introduce...


　
静岡県熱海市にある走湯（はしりゆ）温泉跡


The ruins of Hashiriyu Hot Spring in Atami City, Shizuoka Prefecture




私が在職中に、近くの「ニューさがみや」ホテルでよく会議をやっていたのだが、いつも気になっていた走湯という案内板にさそわれてちょっと訪ねてみた。


During my tenure, I used to have meetings at the nearby New Sagamiya Hotel, and was intrigued by a sign that said "Hashiriyu".



 

この温泉は奈良時代の養老年間に発見された

全国唯一の横穴式源泉


This hot spring was discovered during the Yoro period of the Nara era (710-794) and is the only side-hole type hot spring source in Japan.




往時は1分間に900ℓの温泉が湯滝となって海岸に流れ出ていた。


In the old days, 900 liters of hot spring water per minute flowed out to the coast as a waterfall.




古くから霊場として伊豆山神社と深いかかわりを持ち

「走湯権現」と呼ばれ日金山を背景に山腹の修験の場として発展したらしい。


It is said to have been deeply related to Izusan Shrine as a sacred place from ancient times, and to have developed as a place for asceticism on the mountainside with Ｈiganeyama in the background, called "Ｈashiriyugongen".



海岸道路から少々の階段を上り磯料理漁火の建物の裏側に進むと

走湯源泉場にたどり着く



If it ascends a few stairs from the coast road and proceeds to the back side of the building of the Iso Ryori Isaribi, it will arrive at Ｈashiriyu hot spring source.



横穴式のトンネルは想像以上に湯気が溢れスリリングである。


The side-hole tunnel is more thrilling than I imagined, overflowing with steam.



一見の価値はある！伊豆・熱海あたりに旅する際にはぜひ立寄ってほしいところ。


It's worth a look! If you are ever in Izu or Atami, you should definitely stop by.

また、うら山の熱海駅にむかう山道には木々が生い茂り、

昔の繁栄し頃の面影が残っているので散歩するのもおすすめ。


The mountain road leading to Atami Station on hill back is lined with trees and still retains the atmosphere of the prosperous days of the past, so a walk along the road is highly recommended.




なお3代将軍源実朝（1192年生まれ・源頼朝と北条政子の次男）が

走湯について読んだ歌が金槐和歌集に残っている。


The third shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo (born in 1192, the second son of Minamoto no Yoritomo and Hojo no Masako) wrote a poem about Hashirouyu in the Kinkai Waka Shu.



はしるゆの神とはむべぞいひけらしはやきしるしのあればなりけり


Hashiruyuno Kmitohamubezo ihikerashi hayakishirushino arebanarikeri



明治に入り皇室の御料温泉となり、伊豆山温泉発祥の源泉となった。


In the Meiji era (1868-1912), it became a hot spring for the imperial family, and became the source of the origin of Izusan Onsen.

引用／現地説明版



Reference / Local explanation version




翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translation/DeepL translation　

今城塚古墳に見た！1500年前の神社と力士の原型埴輪

(40)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(40) This time I would like to introduce...


大阪府高槻市にある今城塚古墳（真の継体天皇陵か）


The Imashirozuka burial mound, located in Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, is the true tomb of Emperor Keitai.



前方後円墳で長さ190メートル、二重の濠がめぐっており、全体の領域は340ｍ×350ｍの釣鐘型。


It is an anterior-posterior circular tomb, 190 meters long, with a double moat surrounding it, and the total area is 340 meters by 350 meters, bell-shaped.

 

私が、感動したのは、内堤に並ぶ埴輪だ！


What impressed me was the haniwa (terra-cotta tomb figurines) lining the inner moat!



一つは神社型埴輪


One of them is a shrine type Haniwa!



　発掘された1500年前の家型埴輪は入母屋（いりもや）造りで、

屋根に鰹木（かつおぎ）と千木（ちぎ）があり、

円柱の主柱が屋根から下まで貫通している！

まさに神社建築そのものである。


The excavated 1,500-year-old house-shaped Haniwa is made of Irimoya, with a roof of Katsuogi and Chigi, and the main pillar of the column penetrates from the roof to the bottom of the ground! It is the very essence of shrine architecture.


大宰府天満宮本殿裏にある神社

　日本の神社建築が、今もなお1500年以上前の

建築様式を守っていることに感動を覚えた。


I was impressed by the fact that Japanese shrine architecture still preserves the architectural style of over 1500 years ago.



二つ目は力士型埴輪


The second was a wrestler-shaped haniwa (clay figurine).

　力士の四股（しこ）踏みは「地鎮」や冬の大地を目ざめさせ

発芽を促進し「五穀豊穣を担う」役割がある。

神社建築と同様に「力士」（相撲が行われたかまでは分からない）も

1500年以上の伝統を持っていると言えるのではないだろうか。


Sumo wrestlers' stomping on the ground has the role of "ground repose," waking up the earth in winter, and promoting germination to ensure a good harvest. Like the architecture of Shinto shrines, rikishi have a tradition of over 1,500 years.


なお埴輪祭祀場を内堤の発掘位置にレプリカ復元するとともに、近接する今城塚古代歴史館で詳細を紹介している。


A replica of the haniwa (clay figurine) ritual site has been reconstructed at the excavation site of the inner bank, and the details are introduced at the nearby Imashirozuka Museum of Ancient History.



そして今城塚古墳こそ継体天皇陵が定説に！


And the Imashirozuka burial mound is the tomb of Emperor Ｋeitai!


 

宮内庁が第26代継体天皇陵と指定している太田茶臼山古墳（全長226ｍ）は

築造がAC450年頃（5世紀中頃）とされており、

継体天皇の在位期間AC507～531年からすると時代が大きく違う。


The Ota Chausu-yama burial mound (226 m in length), designated by the Imperial Household Agency as the mausoleum of the 26th Emperor Ｋeitai, was built around 450 A.C. (mid-5th century), which is a very different era from Emperor Ｋeitai's reign from 507 to 531 A.C. In contrast, the Imashirozuka burial mound was built around 450 A.C. (mid-5th century), which is a very different era from Emperor Ｋeitai's reign from 507 to 531 A.C.



それに対し今城塚古墳は築造がAC510～540年頃（6世紀前半）で、

かつこの時期の最大級の前方後円墳である。


In contrast, the Imashirozuka burial mound was built around 510-540 A.C. (first half of the 6th century), and it is one of the largest anterior-posterior round burial mounds of this period.



古墳の内堤には巫女・家・力士・鷹匠・武人・鶏・太刀などの形象埴輪が4区画ごとに祭祀を現すがごとく配置され、この墓の被葬者が大きな権力を持っていたことが想像できる。


On the inner bank of the tomb, figurative clay images of maidens, houses, wrestlers, falconers, warriors, chickens, swords, etc., are arranged in four compartments as if to represent rituals, suggesting that the buried person in this tomb had a great deal of power.



こうしたことから今城塚古墳こそ継体天皇陵との説が考古学会などで有力となっている。


For this reason, the theory that the Imagi-zuka burial mound is the mausoleum of Emperor Kutai is gaining popularity among archaeological societies.



引用／現地説明版・今城塚古代歴史館展示・ウイキペディア


Reference: Local explanation, Imagi-zuka Ancient History Museum exhibition, Wikipedia



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
 

蘇我稲目とピラミッドで話題！都塚古墳

(39)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(39) This time I would like to introduce...


奈良・明日香村の都塚古墳（別名金鳥塚）
 

he Ｍiyakozuka Tumulus (also known as the Golden Bird Mound) in Asuka Village, Nara

 

元旦に金鳥が鳴く伝説があり別名金鳥塚と呼ばれている


There is a legend that a goldfinch cries on New Year's Day, so it is also called the Goldfinch Mound.



この都塚古墳は、1967年に一度発掘調査されたが、その際行われなかった墳丘部分の調査が2014年夏に行われた。


The Miyako-zuka burial mound was once excavated in 1967, but a survey of the mound was conducted in the summer of 2014.



今回の写真は私が、この発掘現場を直接見たくて妻と訪れた時のもの！


This photo was taken when my wife and I visited this excavation site to see it first hand!




東西約41ｍ、南北42ｍの大型方墳

西側の高さ７ｍ以上でほかにあまり例のない段上の石積みが施され

4段以上のピラミッド型であることが分かった。


It was found to be a large square tomb measuring 41 meters east to west and 42 meters north to south, with a height of over 7 meters on the west side.



北側には幅１～1.5ｍ深さ0.4ｍの周壕も発見された


A shelter with a width of 1-1.5m and a depth of 0.4m was also discovered on the north side.


 

埋葬施設は両袖式の横穴式石室

Burial Facilities is Double-sleeved side-hall stone chamber.

全長12.2ｍ、玄室長5.3ｍ、幅2.8ｍ、高さ3.55ｍ

12.2m in length, 5.3m in length, 2.8m in width, 3.55m in height

二上山の凝灰岩を繰り抜いて造られた家型石棺
石棺規模は長さ2.23ｍ、幅1.46ｍ、最大高さは1.72ｍ
House-shaped sarcophagus carved out of tuff from Mount Futakami.
The size of the sarcophagus is 2.23m long, 1.46m wide, and the maximum height is 1.72m.



玄室内は暗渠排水溝が敷設

A culvert drainage ditch was laid in the basement



石舞台にほど近く、蘇我氏の本拠があったとされる地にあり、

築造がAC560～590年ごろ（6世紀後半）ということから、

蘇我氏の礎を築いたとされる蘇我稲目（AC570年没）の墓ではないかと推測され、

さらに500年代後半の方墳でピラミッド状の墳丘が

確認されたのは初めてということでも話題になった。


Since it is located near Ishibutai, where the Soga clan's stronghold is said to have been, and since it was built around 560-590 A.C. (late 6th century), it is assumed to be the tomb of Soga Iname (died 570 A.C.), who is said to have laid the foundation of the Soga clan. The fact that this is the first time that a pyramid-shaped mound has been confirmed in a burial mound from the late 500s has also attracted attention.

 

私が（１５）で紹介した長崎県対馬のAC610-640頃築造の「矢立山古墳」が、

当時の最新墓制の「積石方形段築墳」だったが、

もしかしたら都塚古墳型（ピラミッド型）が最新型のモデルに

なっていたのかもしれないと思った。


The Yatateyama burial mound built around 610-640 AC in Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, which I introduced in (15), was the latest "stacked stone square tiered burial mound" of its time, but I thought that the Miyakozuka burial mound (pyramid-shaped) might have been the model for the latest type.



 

引用／現地発掘説明版・ウイキペディア


Citation: Local excavation description version, Wikipedia



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

（３８）三重県名張市 馬塚古墳 100年以上大型古墳築造が継続（美旗古墳群）

(38)三重県名張市　馬塚古墳　100年以上大型古墳築造が継続（美旗古墳群）


(38) This time I would like to introduce...


三重県を代表する美旗（みはた）古墳群


The Mihata Tumulus Group in Nabari City, Mie Prefecture, representing the Iga region



近鉄大阪線の美旗駅周辺徒歩約10㎞の範囲に

古墳時代の中・後期に築造された前方後円墳や方墳・円墳を見ることができる。


Within a 10-kilometer walking distance around Mihata Station on the Kintetsu Osaka Line, you can see post-anterior and post-anterior circular tombs



築造は殿塚・女良塚・毘沙門塚・馬塚・貴人塚・赤井塚の順だが、

見ることのできた馬塚、女良塚、毘沙門塚をご紹介。


They were built in the order of Tono-zuka, Jorozuka, Bishamon-zuka, Umazuka, Kijin-zuka, and Akai-zuka, 

but I will introduce Umazuka,Jorozuka, Bishamon-zuka, and in the order in which I was able to see them.

１，馬塚（うまづか）古墳


1, Umazuka burial mound



美旗駅から歩いてすぐの街道沿いに巨大な美しい姿を見せる！


This beautiful huge mound is located along the street just a short walk from Mihata Station!

前方部高さ１４ｍの三段築成

後円部墳頂（5階建て相当）からは遠く市街が見渡せる
 

左側が後円部で、右へなだらかな前方部が続く

前方部側から・・低く平らな前方部二段築成と幅１２ｍの空堀（周隍）が見える

前方後円墳で長さ142ｍ、

後円部は3段築成で直径98ｍ・高さ14ｍ、

前方部は2段築成で幅100ｍ・高さ６ｍの平坦な広場


It is a flat square mound with a length of 142m, a three-tiered construction with a diameter of 98m and a height of 14m, and a two-tiered construction with a width of 100m and a height of 6m.

くびれ部に造り出し（三角部）が見える


造り出しと幅12ｍの周隍（浅い空堀）があり各段に葺石や埴輪がめぐっている。


There is a 12-meter wide moat with thatched stones and clay figurines on each level.

築造はAC460～490年（5世紀後半）


It was built in 460-490 AC (late 5th century).

2，女良（じょろう）塚古墳


2, Jorozuka tumulus



畑の中にある！全体像は竹などが生い茂り見えない。

周溝は濁っておりちょっと臭ったのが残念だった。


Located in a field! The whole image is not visible due to the overgrowth of bamboo and other plants. The surrounding ditches were muddy and smelled a little

後円部正面から

後円部周溝

くびれ部の周溝

帆立貝式前方後円墳で全長100ｍ、

後円部は3段築成で直径73ｍ・高さ9ｍ、

前方部は2段築成で幅40ｍ・高さ３ｍの小さくて低い、

鍵孔型の周溝を持ち全面葺石がある


It is a scallop-type post-anterior and post-cylindrical mound with a total length of 100 m. The post-cylindrical part is built in three stages with a diameter of 73 m and a height of 9 m. The anterior part is built in two stages with a width of 40 m and a height of 3 m. It is small and low.
The front section is a two-stage construction, 40 m wide and 3 m high, small and low, with a keyhole-shaped circumferential groove and thatched stones on all sides.



奈良県の乙女山古墳と同じ形


Same shape as the Otomeyama burial mound in Nara Prefecture.



築造はAC410～440年頃（5世紀前半ごろ）


It was built around 410-440 A.C. (around the first half of the 5th century).



出土の家型埴輪は高床式の建物


The excavated house-shaped clay figurine is a building on stilts.



３，毘沙門（びしゃもん）塚古墳


3, Bishamon Mound Tumulus



帆立貝式前方後円墳で全長65ｍ・くびれ部両側に造出しがある


It is a scallop-type posterior frontal tomb with a total length of 65 m. There are openings on both sides of the neck.

後円部直径44ｍ・高さ７ｍ、前方幅20Ｍ、高さ３Ｍ・小さくて低い前方部、周壕あり


The posterior part is 44m in diameter and 7m high, the anterior part is 20m wide and 3m high, and the anterior part is small and low.
Perimeter shelter.

築造AC440～460年ごろ（5世紀中頃）


Constructed around 440-460 AC (mid-5th century)

美旗古墳群は、首長層の墳墓が系譜的に継続して形成され、

墳型もよく残っていることなどから国の史跡に指定されている


The Mihata Tumulus Group has been designated as a national historic site because the tombs of the chiefs have been formed in a continuous and genealogical manner, and the mound forms have been well preserved.

引用／現地説明版・美旗古墳群解説PDF（水口昌也さん）・名張市観光サイト


Reference/ Local Explanatory Version, Mihata Tumulus Group Explanation PDF (Mr. Masaya Mizuguchi), Nabari City Tourism Site



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***








 

都内屈指の古墳時代遺跡と白旗塚古墳

(37)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　
(37) This time I would like to introduce...


東京都足立区にある伊興（いこう）遺跡と白旗塚古墳


Iko Ruins Park 、Sirohataduka Kofun in Adachi-ku, Tokyo

 

伊興遺跡は南北660Ｍ・東西690Ｍの都内屈指の古墳時代遺跡だ。


The Iko Ruins are one of the most famous Kofun Period ruins in Tokyo, measuring 660 meters north to south and 690 meters east to west.

 

弥生時代に起源をもつ方形周溝墓や竈を持つ居住跡（古墳時代中頃・5～6世紀）、

祭祀に用いられたおびただしい和泉式土師器（伊興遺跡の高坏は短い脚部が特徴）、

古式須恵器（5世紀）、石製品、玉類、準構造船の先端部分、井戸枠などが発見された。



A square trench tomb with origins in the Yayoi period, a residential site with a cooking stove (mid-Kofun period, 5th-6th century), a large number of Izumi-style earthenware vessels used for rituals (Iko site's high altar is characterized by its short legs), archaic Sue ware (5th century), stone products, jade, the tip of a semi-structured ship, and well frames were discovered.

子持ち勾玉

（玉から玉が生まれ出る様子があらわされており祭祀遺跡の中でも最も呪術性の高いもの）

Komochimasgatam(This is the most spellbinding of all the ritual remains because it represents the birth of a ball from a ball.



古墳時代中期、この地域では、東京湾と毛野（埼玉県、群馬県）を結ぶ毛長川の水運の安全を祈る祭祀や五穀豊穣を祈る「まつり」が繰り返しおこなわれていたようだ。


In the middle of the Kofun period, this area seems to have been the site of repeated rituals to pray for the safety of water transportation on the Kencho River, which connects Tokyo Bay and Kono (Saitama and Gunma prefectures), and festivals to pray for a good harvest.



近くには白旗塚古墳群（6世紀ごろ）があったが、

現在は白旗塚古墳（円墳）のみ残っている。


The Shirahatazuka burial mound group (circa 6th century) was located nearby, but only the Shirahatazuka burial mound (circular) remains today.

白旗塚古墳は直径12Ｍの円墳、高さ2.5Ｍ
埋葬施設などは未調査


The Shirahatazuka burial mound is a circular mound with a diameter of 12 meters and a height of 2.5 meters.
Burial facilities have not yet been surveyed.
 

引用／現地説明版(伊興遺跡公園.展示館・白旗塚公園)


Reference/Explanation of the site, Exhibition in the Iko Site Park Exhibition Hall、Sirohataduka park


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translation/DeepL translation　　
 

茨城の重文！石室から美豆良と髭

(36)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　
(36) This time I would like to introduce...


茨城県土浦市の武者塚古墳（出土品は重文）


Mushazuka burial mound in Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture (artifacts excavated are designated as Important Cultural Properties)

この武者塚古墳は畑の耕作中に偶然、未盗掘の石室が発見された！


This Mushazuka burial mound was discovered by chance while cultivating a field, and the unearthed stone chamber was discovered!



すでに墳丘は失われていたが、周溝を巡らせた直径23Ｍの円墳


The mound had already been lost, but it was a 23-meter-diameter circular tomb with a circumferential ditch.

　
不思議なのは石室のつくり

What is curious is the design of the stone chamber.



地上の横穴から出入りせず、地下の前室の上の蓋石を外して前室に降り、横の玄室に行くように作られている。


The stone chamber is designed in such a way that one does not enter and exit through a side hole on the ground, but goes down to the front chamber by removing the cover stone above the front chamber, and then to the side basement.



横穴式石室と箱式石棺の特徴を併せ持った独特の形態で、長さは３Ｍ、幅1.5Ｍ。


　It is a unique form of stone chamber that combines the features of a side hole stone chamber and a box-type sarcophagus, and is 3 meters long and 1.5 meters wide.


石室からは6体の人骨が発見され、そのうち一体から全国でも非常に珍しい「美豆良（みずら）」（髪を耳元で束ねたもの）と髭（ひげ）が発見された。


Six human bones were found in the stone chamber, one of which contained a mizura (hair tied up around the ears) and a beard, which is extremely rare in Japan.

 

また副葬品では、三累環頭太刀、直刀などの武器、装身具、鉄柄付青銅製杓、銀製帯金具など豊富に発見され、国の重要文化財に指定された。


Among the burial artifacts, weapons such as a sword and a straight sword, ornaments, a bronze ladle with an iron handle, and silver belt fittings were found in abundance, and the site was designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan.



築造はAC660～690年頃（7世紀後半）

Built around 660 to 690 AC (late 7th century)



引用／現地説明版（土浦市教育委員会）

Reference/Explanation of the site (Tsuchiura City Board of Education)


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translation/DeepL translation　　

群馬のチビ古墳なのに重文！埴輪で首長継承再現

(35)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　
(35) This time I would like to introduce...


　
群馬県太田市にある「塚廻り古墳群」第4号古墳



The 4th burial mound in the "Tsukamawari Kofun Group" in Ota City, Gunma Prefecture.

　　

田んぼのど真ん中にぽっかりと帆立貝式古墳（台形の造り出し付き）


A scallop type tumulus with a trapezoidal structure attached to it.



全長22.5ｍ、円丘部直径17.5ｍ、周囲に幅4.5ｍの堀を持つ
こじんまりとした美形


It is 22.5m in length, 17.5m in diameter, and has a 4.5m wide moat around it.small and beautiful！

埋葬施設は円丘部中央と北側すそ部の二か所


There are two burial facilities, one in the center of the mound and the other at the northern edge.



埴輪は墳丘部から円筒・朝顔型、家型・器材・人物・馬の計304点


A total of 304 haniwa (terra-cotta tomb figurines): cylinders, morning glories, houses, vessels, figures, and horses.




埴輪の優れた造形と埴輪の配列から椅子に座った男子を中心人物として首長権が継承される儀式を再現した埴輪祭祀と推察できることから国の重要文化財となっている


From the excellent modeling and arrangement of the haniwa, it can be inferred that they are haniwa that recreate a ceremony in which a male figure seated on a chair is the central figure in the succession of chieftaincy, and thus they are designated as national important cultural properties.



築造はAC510～540年ごろ（6世紀前半）と推定



It is estimated to have been built around 510-540 AC (first half of the 6th century).




なお埴輪の現物は群馬県立歴史博物館に保存されている。


The actual haniwa is preserved in the Gunma Prefectural Museum of History.



引用／現地説明版
　

Citation: Local explanation version,



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


Translation/DeepL translation　　

 

古墳時代前期の最大方墳は島根にあり！

(34)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　　島根県安来（やすぎ）市にある古代出雲王陵の丘


(34) This time I would like to introduce...

　　The Hill of the Ancient Izumo Royal Tombs in Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture

古代出雲で、高い地位にあった首長が築いた

4世紀～6世紀の古墳が標高約60mの丘陵上に４基ある


There are four 4th to 6th century burial mounds built by high-ranking chiefs in ancient Izumo, located on a hill about 60 meters above sea level.



造山（つくりやま）１号墳　＜国指定史跡＞


Tsukuriyama No. 1 Tomb <National Historic Site>.



荒島ぐるりルートＨＰの説明によると
「古墳時代前期の100年間において全国で一番大きい方墳」
「海から見ると巨大な人工の石山が

そびえているように見えたことでしょう」


According to the description on the Arashima Gururi Route website
According to the description on the website of the Arashima Loop Route, it was "the largest tomb in Japan during the first 100 years of the Kofun period.
From the sea, it must have looked like a huge artificial stone mountain rising up.



古墳自体は未整備だが、基底部一辺60m、高さ10mで

谷側は2段築成。斜面は葺石がある。

The tomb itself is unimproved, but the base is 60 meters on a side and 10 meters high, and the valley side is built on two levels. The slope has thatched stones.

埋葬施設は、扁平な割石を小口積みにした竪穴式石室2基をもち、三角線神獣鏡、方格規矩四神鏡、紡錘車型石製品、ガラス製管玉、鉄刀、鉄剣、刀子などが出土


The burial facilities include two pit stone chambers made of flat broken stones piled up in small piles, and the following items were excavated: a triangular-shaped mirror, a rectangular mirror, a spindle wheel-shaped stone product, a glass ball, an iron sword, an iron sword, and a sword.
 

造山２号墳　

Zozan No. 2 Mound　


 

前方後方墳で全長50m
墳丘には墓石を持ち円筒埴輪が出土。
6世紀前半古墳時代後期


A 50-meter-long frontal and posterior mound.
A tombstone was placed on the mound and a cylindrical haniwa (clay figurine) was excavated.
Early 6th century Late Kofun period


造山３号墳　

Zozan No. 3 Mound　


大型方墳で東西40Ｍ　南北30Ｍ　
竪穴式石室で排水溝が設置され銅製の斜縁二神二重獣鏡などが出土
築造は4世紀ごろ古墳時代前期　

　
Large square tomb, 40m east to west, 30m north to south　
A drainage ditch was installed in the pit-type stone chamber, and copper mirrors with oblique rim and two gods and two animals were excavated.
Constructed in the early Kofun period around the 4th century.　



造山４号墳　6世紀前半の小型方墳

Zozan No. 4 Mound, small square tomb, first half of the 6th century



引用／現地説明版・しまね観光なび・荒島ぐるりルートＨＰ・ウイキペディア


Reference/Shimane Kanko Navi, Arashima Gururi Route HP, Wikipedia

翻訳／DeepL翻訳

社会人が早大で「考古調査士」取得その９（チコちゃんに出演した先生の考古学概論）

（33）今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　
(33) This time, I'd like to introduce...



「考古調査士」取得体験記　その９

（チコちゃんに出演した先生の考古学概論）


My Experience of Becoming an Archaeological Surveyor, Part 9 (Introduction to Archaeology)


担当の先生はＮＨＫの「チコちゃん」にも出演したK先生（早大考古学会長・エジプト考古学なども有名）


The teacher in charge of the class was Professor K, who appeared on NHK's "Chiko-chan" (President of the Archaeological Society of Waseda University, also famous for his work on Egyptian archaeology).


 

授業では、冒頭「考古学は単独では成り立たない」各分野のマネージメント・調整が大切な学問であることを教わった。
 

At the beginning of the class, we were told that archaeology cannot stand alone and that management and coordination of various fields is important.

2回目では、考古学の定義、考古学研究のあゆみについて先生の著書から解説？があったあと
　レポート提出１「早稲田大学考古学会研究発表会に参加し、感想文を1000字程度にまとめ」て提出するように！( ﾟДﾟ)

In the second lecture, he explained the definition of archaeology and the history of archaeological research from his book. In the second session, there was an explanation of the definition of archaeology and the history of archaeological research from his book.
　Report 1: "Participate in the Waseda University Archaeological Society research presentation and summarize your impressions in about 1000 words" and submit it! ( P.S.)

3回目は考古学が対象とするものと時間（人類が誕生する以前は考古学の対象ではない）、人類とは何か、ヒトとはなどについて
4回目は層位学・地理学、古生物学からの借用、ナポレオンのエジプト遠征と「ロゼッタ・ストーン」の解読、相対年代の編年
5回目は新石器時代
6回目は相対年代と絶対年代（編年）
7回目と8回目はこーすナビで受講
　レポート提出２「東アジア・極東における古い土器の分布と土器の用途について」800字程度( ﾟДﾟ)

In the third session, we will discuss what archaeology covers and time (before the birth of human beings is not a subject of archaeology), what human beings are, what human beings are, etc.
The fourth session was on stratigraphy and geography, borrowing from paleontology, Napoleon's expedition to Egypt and deciphering the Rosetta Stone, and relative chronology.
The fifth lesson is the Neolithic Age.
The sixth session is on relative and absolute chronology (editing).
The seventh and eighth lessons will be taken at Kosnavi.
　Report submission 2: "Distribution of old pottery and uses of pottery in East Asia and the Far East," about 800 words .

9回目は考古学から見た都市（西アジアと東アジア）
　レポート提出３「西アジアの都市と東アジアの都城との比較相違及び中国の都城と日本の「京」との相違について」800字程度( ﾟДﾟ)

10回目は　古代交易のメカニズム（オオツタノハ貝の貝輪の交易など）
11回目は　巨大首長墓の形成と前方後円墳体制に関して・・・余談で「考古学は古墳人気で本がもつ」そうです！
12回目は　巨大王墓とピラミッド（先生のスライドのほとんどが見たこともないものばかりでした）
13回目は　NEW ARCHAEOLOGY以降（プロセス考古学など）
14回目は　考古学における文字

The 9th class is Cities from the Archaeological Perspective (West Asia and East Asia)
　Report 3: "Comparative differences between West Asian cities and East Asian capitals, and differences between Chinese capitals and the Japanese capital, Kyoto" (about 800 words)
The 10th lecture is about the mechanism of ancient trade and the trade of the shell ring of the giant clam.
The eleventh lecture will be on the formation of giant tombs and the anterior-venth-round tomb system... As an aside, it is said that archaeology is a book about the popularity of ancient tombs!
The 12th lecture was on giant tombs and pyramids (most of his slides were things I had never seen before).
Session 13: NEW ARCHAEOLOGY and beyond (process archaeology, etc.)
Lesson 14: Writing in Archaeology

15回目は　
学期末レポート課題「縄文時代と弥生時代の編年研究の歩みと成果」について1500～2500字以内にまとめて提出
 

In the 15th class, we had to write an end of semester report on the history and results of chronological research on the Jomon and Yayoi periods in 1500-2500 words.


だったと記憶していますが、ちょっと授業の順番の前後が不安です。


I remember that this was the end-of-term report, but I'm not sure.


成績評価は、出席状況及び3回のミニレポートと学期末レポート課題であった。


Grading was based on attendance and a series of three mini-reports and an end-of-term report.



余談・・授業によってはよく理解できないものもありましたが、考古学の奥の深さと範疇の広さ、そして計り知れない魅力の詰まった学問であることを教えていただきました。


Aside from that... I couldn't understand well some of the classes, but they taught me the depth and breadth of archaeology, and that it is a discipline full of immeasurable fascination.

次回（34）は古墳等のご紹介に戻ります


Next time, we will return to the introduction of ancient tombs.

　　

*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

社会人が早大で「考古調査士」取得 その８（埋蔵文化財の保存と活用 ）

（32）今回ご紹介するのは・・・

　(32) This time, I'd like to introduce...


「考古調査士」取得体験記　その８（埋蔵文化財の保存と活用）


Experiences in obtaining "Archaeological Survey Specialist" Part 8 (Conservation and utilization of buried cultural properties)


担当はN先生（Ｔ大卒・群馬県で長年発掘調査をされた方）

In charge of the class was Mr. N. (a graduate of U of T, who has worked for many years as an excavator in Gunma Prefecture).


授業メモ・・橋の橋脚建設に伴う文化財の保存調査

授業では、文化財保護法にのっとって、実際に該当地域に埋蔵文化財がある場合や想定される場合に民間事業や公共事業の別によってどう埋蔵文化財を保護するのか、または発掘調査して記録保存にとどめるのか、あるいは公開等を目的とした保存と活用をするのかをN先生の長年の事例と経験に基づいて現場見学交えて教えていただいた。


In the class, in accordance with the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, we learned how to protect buried cultural properties depending on whether they are private or public projects, whether they should be excavated and preserved as records, or whether they should be preserved and utilized for the purpose of public exhibition, based on Mr. N's many years of experience and examples. Based on his many years of experience and case studies, he gave us a lecture with a field trip.

授業であわててメモした遺跡保存方法（トンネル化とかさ上げ）

事例では
１，公共工事における道路造成の場合、半永久的に発掘調査ができないこととなるため、旧石器時代から中世に至るすべての層を調査を行う必要があった事例
２、ダム建設によって水没する範囲は、道路と同様に半永久的に調査ができないため発掘調査をおこなう必要があったこと
3、古墳の墳丘の範囲に掛かる可能性がある水道工事の調査例などが紹介された。


The examples were
1. In the case of road construction for public works, it was necessary to survey all the layers from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages because excavation would not be possible for half a century.
2. The area to be submerged by the construction of the dam needed to be excavated because, like the road, it could not be surveyed on a semi-permanent basis.
3. An example of a survey of waterworks that might be carried out in the area of a burial mound was introduced.

旧新橋停車場跡の復元（課外授業）

発掘された遺跡の活用例では、

新橋で発掘された旧停車場・早稲田大学周辺の遺跡・大江戸博物館を見学し、文化財の表示の方法や復元方法と範囲、広く市民に発掘成果を公開する役割などを学ぶことができた。


As for the examples of the utilization of excavated sites, 

the students visited the old train station in Shimbashi, the sites around Waseda University, and the Oedo Museum, where they learned how to display cultural properties, how to restore them and their scope, and the role of disclosing the excavation results to the public.



N先生の授業は、スライドを多用した豊富な映像や図化を示しての説明で、大変わかりやすいものであったし、全く目が離せない内容の濃い15日間であった。


Prof. N's class was very easy to understand with his explanations using a lot of slides showing a lot of images and diagrams, and it was a 15-day class with rich contents that we could not take our eyes off at all.


成績評価は、出席状況及び最後の授業のテストで行われました。また自分の住んでいる地域の遺跡を自分が市民に紹介するつもりで書くレポート課題もあった。


Grading was based on attendance and a test at the end of the class. There was also a report assignment where we had to write about the archaeological sites in our own area as if we were introducing them to the public.

蛇穴山古墳の石室でのN先生の解説

余談・考古調査士コース及び学部生の有志で、群馬県在住のN先生とＳ先生にお願いし群馬古墳・遺跡ツアーを2度開催させていただいたが、石室の詳しい説明や古墳の形状、群馬の火山の噴火の歴史の解説などとても思い出に残る、有意義なものとなった。


As a side note, volunteers from the archaeologist course and undergraduate students asked Professors N and S, who live in Gunma Prefecture, to organize a tour of Gunma's ancient tombs and ruins on two occasions, which turned out to be very memorable and meaningful.



次回はいよいよ最後の考古調査士コース紹介・・・

　　有名な先生の講義　　（選択）考古学概論のご紹介


Next time, we will finally introduce the last part of the archaeological surveyor course...

　　(Elective) Introduction to Archaeology



*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***