西都原の看板古墳は柄鏡型13号墳だ！

(51)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

(51) This time I would like to introduce...



宮崎県西都市にある西都原古墳群13号墳　


Saitobaru Kofun Tumulus Group No. 13 in Saitobaru City, Miyazaki Prefecture.　

今回ご紹介する13号墳は、数ある有名な古墳の中でも、

西都市の観光案内表紙に乗っているくらいかっこいいのです。


Tumulus 13, which I'll introduce here, is one of the many famous tombs, and it's so cool that it's on the cover of the tourist information sash of Saito City.

ボランティア案内所でもらった「探訪ガイドマップ」を片手に

折り畳み自転車で出発


We set off on our folding bicycles, with the "guide map" given to us at the volunteer information center in hand.



この古墳群は広大なエリアに無数の古墳が点在しているため

マップがないと迷ってしまうくらいなのだ。


The Kofun tumulus group is a vast area dotted with countless tumuli, so without a map, it is easy to get lost.




枯草のなかの道を走っていくと木々の間にその美しい姿を現す。


As we drove along the road through the dry grass, 

its beautiful shape appeared among the trees.

きわめて特徴的な墳形


A very distinctive mound shape



柄鏡型前方後円墳だ！


It's a tortoise-shell mirror-shaped anterior-posterior mound!



同古墳群に属する古墳の中でも、最古級の一つ。


It is one of the oldest of the tumuli in this tomb group.


後円部墳頂から前方部を望む。その先に1号墳が見える

後円部の高さに比べ前方部は低く長いのが特徴


It is one of the oldest among the tumuli in this tomb group, and is characterized by the fact that the front part is lower and longer than the height of the back part.



墳丘は築造当時の形に復元されている。


The mound has been restored to the shape it had when it was built.




 

後円・前方ともに3段築成で、段は連続している


Both the posterior and anterior sections are built in three stages, and the stages are continuous.



長さ79.4 m、後円部の直径43.2ｍ、高さ7.2ｍ、
前方部の長さ38.6ｍ、幅25ｍ


The length of the mound is 79.4 m, the diameter of the posterior part is 43.2 m, the height is 7.2 m, and the length of the anterior part is 38.4 m.
The anterior part is 38.6m long and 25m wide.



築造はAC340年～390年ごろ（４世紀中～後葉頃）


Constructed around 340-390 AC (mid to late 4th century)



また埋葬施設の内部は公開されている


The interior of the burial facility is open to the public.

後円部の階段を登っていくと入口がある


The entrance is located by climbing the stairs in the rear circle.

中は築造状態の湿度が保たれ、長さ8.1mの粘土槨が見学できる。


The inside of the burial chamber is kept humid 

and you can see the clay burial chamber of 8.1m in length.



 

また墳丘の地層断面から版築の様子も見学できる。


The burial chamber is 8.1m long and you can see the burial chamber

 from the stratum of the mound.



墳丘は粘土質の上に透水質の層を作ることで、

水が古墳の内部に入りにくくし、粘土槨や墳丘を守る

キャリパリーバリアを1500年間にすでに見出していたということだろう。


The burial chamber is made of clay with a permeable layer to prevent water from entering the burial chamber and the mound.



出土物は、三角縁神獣鏡1面、翡翠製勾玉２点、碧玉製管玉40点余り、

ガラス製小玉多数、鉄剣、刀子、棺材と思われる木片等


The excavated artifacts include a triangular-rimmed mirror, two jade beads, more than 40 jade beads, many small glass beads, an iron sword, a sword, and a piece of wood thought to be coffin material.



引用／現地説明版・西都原考古博物館HP及び展示


Reference: Local explanatory plates, Nishitobaru Archaeological Museum website and exhibition
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

熊本の首無しスフィンクス「オブサン古墳」

(50)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(50) This time I would like to introduce...



熊本県山鹿市にあるオブサン古墳（県の史跡）


The Obusan Tumulus in Yamaga City, 

Kumamoto Prefecture (a historical site of the prefecture)

（16）でご紹介したチブサン古墳と同じ西福寺古墳群に属する古墳で、

装飾古墳でもあります。


(50) This time, I would like to introduce you to the Obusan Tumulus in Yamaga City, Kumamoto Prefecture, which belongs to the Seifukuji Tumulus Group, the same as the Chibusan Tumulus introduced in (16).


日暮れ直前にチブサン古墳を出発してから

山道を250ｍほど登ると開けた丘の下側に

オブサン古墳の異様な姿が現れます。


It is also a decorative burial mound. After leaving the Chibsan burial mound just before nightfall, climb up the mountain road for about 250 meters, and the strange appearance of the Obusan burial mound will appear at the bottom of an open hill.

「古墳にコーフン協会」の「まりこふん」会長の歌詞のように

確かにスフィンクス！それも頭の無い！


Just like the lyrics of "Mariko Fun", the president of the "Kofun ni Kofun Kyokai", it is indeed a sphinx! And it has no head!


それもそのはず！直径22ｍ、高さ5ｍの円墳ですが、

最大の特徴は円墳から突き出た前足のような突堤。


That's just as well! The mound is 22 meters in diameter and 5 meters high, but its most distinctive feature is the paw-like protrusion from the mound.

前足（突堤）の長さは5.5ｍ。石で周囲を囲ってあり、まるで爪のように見えます。

It is 5.5 meters long and is surrounded by stones, making it look like a claw.


廻りにU字型の周壕がめぐっています。

A U-shaped shelter surrounds it.


造出しや表面を覆う葺石、埴輪は確認されていません。

　
It is surrounded by stones and looks like a claw.


築造はAC570～90年ごろ（6世紀後半）

It was built around 570-90 AC (late 6th century).



１，前庭部は両方の突堤によって囲まれ

長さは最大8ｍ、幅4.5ｍ


The vestibule is surrounded by two embankments and is up to 8 meters long and 4.5 meters wide.


前庭は儀式の場だったと考えられる


The vestibule is thought to have been a place for rituals.


埋葬施設は複室構造の横穴式石室


The burial facility is a multi-chambered stone chamber.

２，羨道は長さ2.6ｍ、幅2.0ｍ


2, The envy path is 2.6m long and 2.0m wide.



羨道部から前室へは、

両袖石と框石(かまちいし)によって区別されている。


The envious path is separated from the front room by stile and rail stones.


３，前室は長さ2.1ｍ、幅2.7ｍ


3. The front room is 2.1m long and 2.7m wide.



 

前室から玄室へも両袖石と框石によって区別されている。


The anterior chamber is 2.1m long and 2.7m wide and is separated from the main chamber by stile and rail stones.


４，玄室は2.8ｍの方形で、


4、The main room is 2.8m square.

奥壁にそって敷石をひいた区画と手前の左右にも

石棺を置いたと思われる敷石による区画がある。


There are two compartments, one with paving stones along the back wall and the other with paving stones on either side of the front, where a sarcophagus was probably placed.



石室の天井石の隙間には一部漆喰のようなものが見られる。


Some plaster-like material can be seen in the gaps between the ceiling stones of the stone chamber.



なお前室入口と玄室入口に蓋をする閉塞石もあった


There were also blocking stones to cover the entrance to the front chamber and the entrance to the basement.



装飾については玄室の左仕切り石に朱による連続三角文。

右仕切り石にも同様の文様があったと推測されるが痕跡のみで消失。


As for the decoration
The left partition stone of the main chamber has a series of triangular patterns in vermilion.
It is assumed that there was a similar pattern on the right partition stone, but it disappeared with only traces.


副葬品では装身具(小玉、金環)、馬具、武具、須恵器ほか追葬時の人骨など


Among the burial accessories are ornaments (small jewels, gold rings), saddles, armor, Sue ware, and human remains.



オブサンの名前の由来は、産（うぶ）さんが訛ったものとのこと。


The origin of the name "Obusan" is said to be a corruption of "Ubusan".


　
引用／現地説明版・古墳MAP・MORIMORIさんのオブサン古墳紹介サイト（http://log07.gozaru.jp/obusan_kohun/）


Reference: Local explanatory signs, Kofun MAP, MORIMORI's Obusan Kofun introduction website (http://log07.gozaru.jp/obusan_kohun/)




翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

私の古墳グッズと食べちゃったお菓子たち その２

(49)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(49) This time I would like to introduce...



 私の古墳グッズと食べちゃったお菓子たち　その２

 My Kofun Goods and the Sweets I've Eaten　no2



食べちゃった古墳のお菓子たち


Kofun sweets that I ate


１，王塚古墳マドレーヌ「古代の鍵」

 

　家族で王塚古墳を見にいく途中、絶対立寄って食べたいと思っていた

お店メルシーを交差点近くに発見した。
車の流れで通り過ぎてしまったので、あわててＵターンしたら

連れ添っていた後続の車に何かあったのかと驚かれた。
数軒の店の並びの真ん中に小さなお菓子屋さん！
小さな売り場にユニークなかわいい形のお菓子がいっぱいあった。
私のお目当ては「王塚古墳」のマドレーヌなので、

ショーケースの一番目立つところにあるにちがいないと目を凝らすも見当たらず！

店主が示した右の先に、静かに厳かに小さく包装された

「王塚古墳さま」が２０個くらい？並んでいた。
店主に「このマドレーヌが食べたくて東京から来たんです！」と話したら、

「古代の鍵」狙いで来ていただけるお客さんは貴重です！とおっしゃっていた。
ばら売りで７個買ってみんなに配った。
普段甘いものはあまり食べなかった亡き父が

とてもおいしいと食べてくれたのが思い出となっている。
突然だったのでお菓子の写真などを撮る心の準備をしておらず、

福岡県町村会の写真（楽天より）を引用させていただきました。

製造／菓子工房メルシー


1、Ozuka Kofun Madeleine "Ancient Key

　On the way to see the King's Mound Tomb with my family, we found Merci's near the intersection, a restaurant that I definitely wanted to stop by and eat at.
We drove past it in the flow of traffic, and when we rushed to make a U-turn, the car following us was surprised to see what was going on.
A small pastry shop in the middle of a row of several stores!
There were many unique and cute shaped sweets in the small sales area.
I was looking for the "Ohzuka Kofun" madeleines, so I thought they must be in the most prominent place in the showcase, but I couldn't find them! To the right of where the owner indicated, there was a line of about 20 "Ohtsuka Kofun-sama" quietly and solemnly wrapped in small packages. The shopkeeper pointed to the right, where about 20 small, quietly and solemnly wrapped "Ohzuka Kofun-sama" were lined up.
I told the owner, "I came all the way from Tokyo to try these madeleines! I told the owner, "I came here from Tokyo to try these madeleines!" He said, "Customers who come here for the "ancient key" are precious! I told the owner, "I came from Tokyo to try these madeleines.
I bought seven of them in bulk and handed them out to everyone.
I remember that my late father, who did not usually eat sweets, thought they were very tasty.
Since it was so sudden, I was not prepared to take pictures of the sweets, so I quoted a picture from the Fukuoka Prefecture Town and Village Association (from Rakuten).

Manufactured by Confectionary Workshop Merci



２，勾玉チョコ
 

バレンタインデーのお返しを何にしようか迷って、

通販サイトを渡り歩いていたところ見つけてしまったのだ。
女性ならきっと喜んでくれるはず！
実は自分が一番食べたかったから注文してしまったに違いなかったのだけれど。
届いたのは紺色の細長い箱に、５色の勾玉！

色も形も申し分ないくらい可愛い！
食べるのがもったいなくてしばらくためらっていたら、

妻が、「賞味期限あるんじゃない？早く食べないと！」
封を開けたら、一気に半分食べてしまった。
和菓子風で上品においしかった！
不二家のLOOKチョコレートの高級勾玉版かな！
他の色の味も楽しんでみたいと思いました。

製造・Kissa&co坂根屋



2, Magatama chocolate

I wasn't sure what to get for Valentine's Day, so I went through the mail order sites and found this.
I'm sure the ladies would love it!
Actually, I must have ordered it because I wanted to eat it the most.
It arrived in a long, dark blue box, with five colored beads!
The color and shape were perfectly cute!
I hesitated for a while because I didn't want to eat them, but then my wife said, "Don't they have an expiration date? Why don't we eat it soon? I said!
When I opened the package, I ate half of it at once.
It was elegantly delicious, Japanese style!
I guess it's a fancy gradient version of Fujiya's LOOK chocolate!
I enjoyed all the different flavors.

Manufactured by Kissa&co Sakaneya


３，はにわプリン

 

長崎に住む息子の可愛い嫁さんが父の日に送ってきてくれた。
埴輪がプリントされた箱を開けると、並んでるよ！チビ埴輪が！

プリンと蜜は別になっている。

味はもちろん焼きプリン。
おいしいが、容器自体が小さいので、あっという間に空に！
もっと食べたいのに！と思ってしまう。
食べ終わった後も埴輪の容器が並んでいるとほほえましい。　

製造／株式会社Pasah


3, Haniwa Pudding

My son's lovely wife, who lives in Nagasaki, sent this to me for Father's Day.
When I opened the box with the Haniwa (clay figurine) printed on it, they were lined up! The little Haniwa!
The pudding and honey are separate.
Of course it tastes like baked pudding.
It's delicious, but the container itself is so small that it's empty in no time!
I want to eat more! I thought to myself, "I want to eat more!
Even after you've eaten it, it's nice to see the haniwa (clay figurine) containers lined up.　
　

Manufactured by Pasah Co.



以上わたしの古墳愛を証明するグッズやお菓子たちでした。
また新たな仲間を見つけたらアップします。


These are just a few of the goods and sweets that prove my love for kofun.
 I'll post more when I find new ones.



引用／菓子工房メルシー・株式会社Pasah・Kissa&co坂根屋・福岡県町村会


Citation: Confectionery Workshop Merci, Pasah Corporation,  Kissa&co Sakaneya, Fukuoka Prefecture Town and Village Association


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
 

私の古墳グッズと食べちゃったお菓子たち その１

(48)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(48) This time I would like to introduce...



 私の古墳グッズと食べちゃったお菓子　その１

 My Kofun Goods and the Sweets I've Eaten
 

 私の古墳グッズ

１，古墳クッション（マトリョーシカ大・中・小）

私が一番最初に古墳グッズとして、東急ハンズの古墳グッズコーナーで見つけて買ってしまったやつ。
毎晩安眠に貢献してくれてます。

大は椅子の背もたれに！

 

中はサブ枕として！

 

チビは、愛車プレリュードの守り神として運転席に！

製作／宇宙椅子フクトククニヲ


1. Kofun Cushion(Matryoshka large, medium, and small)

This is the first Kofun goods that I found and bought at the Kofun goods section of Tokyu Hands.
They contribute to a good night's sleep every night.
The large one is for the back of my chair!
The middle one is a sub-pillow!
The small one is in the driver's seat as a guardian deity of my car, Prelude!

Production: Space Chair Fukutoku Kunio



２，古墳柄の器

 

ごはん茶碗はやや小ぶりなのでダイエットにGood！
小鉢は、煮物やお蕎麦などにちょうど良い
マグカップは結構量が入るのでシチューとかに

 

コーヒーカップは、洗っているときに割れてしまったのだけれど、一番愛用していたので、アロンアルファーでなんとかくっつけて使ってます。
手に持つたびに鍵型模様を触りながら満足しております。

製作／こめがま


2. Kofun patterned bowl

The rice bowl is a little small, so it's good for dieters!
The small bowl is just right for simmered dishes, soba noodles, etc.
The mug can hold a lot of food, so it is good for stews and such.
The coffee cup was broken when I was washing it, but since it was my favorite, I managed to attach it with Aron Alpha and use it.
I am satisfied every time I hold it in my hand, touching the key-shaped pattern.

Created by Komegama



３，古墳のふせん

 

仕事で留守の仲間に用件を伝えるときに使ってます。
でももったいなくて、仲の良い仲間にのみ使用！

いろんな色があるんだ！

ただし、くびれ部があるから、あまり多くの要件は書けないけどね！

製作／大蔵屋


3, Fountain of Ancient Tombs

I use this when I have to tell a colleague who is away for work.
But it's a waste of money, so I use it only for my good friends!
They come in all kinds of colors!
Though I can't write too many requirements because of the neckline!

Made by Ohkuraya



４，ブリー墳（古墳の妖精）

 

西都原考古博物館の販売コーナーで妻の土産に買ったのだ。
プレゼントした後でNETで調べたら古代の神秘を「ぱんつ」で表現した古墳+ぱんつなんだ！
買う時は全くパンツの柄だとは分からなかったが改めてよく見たらなるほど！

製作／古墳ぱんつ研究室


4, Burying Mound (Kofun no Yosei)

I bought this as a souvenir for my wife at the sales corner of the Saitobaru Archaeological Museum.
After I gave it to her as a gift, I looked it up on the Internet and found out that it was a tomb mound + panties, representing the mysteries of ancient times in the form of panties!
When I bought it, I didn't know it was a pants pattern at all, but when I looked at it again, I understood!

Created by Kofun Pantsu Laboratory



５，前方後円墳シルバーペンダント

 

10年位前にNETで直販していたのを買ったのだ。
シルバー製のずっしりした前方後円墳の廻りに

人工ダイヤ（ジルコニア）が埋め込んであってキラキラして美しいのだ。
ただ申し訳ないことに製造・販売先はわからなくなってしまった。

製作販売された方もうしわけない！
もし俺だ！私だ！という方がおられましたらお知らせください。


5, Silver Pendant of a Forward and Backward Circle Tomb

I bought this pendant from a direct seller on the Internet about 10 years ago. It's made of silver and has zirconia embedded around a large anterior-posterior mound, making it sparkle and look beautiful.
I'm sorry to say that I no longer know where it was made or sold. I apologize to those who manufactured and sold them!
If it's me! It's me! Please let me know if you have any questions.


次回の　その２は・・・食べちゃった古墳お菓子


Nex Time  No2  ???   Kofun sweets that I ate


引用／こめがま・宇宙椅子フクトククニヲ・大蔵屋・古墳ぱんつ研究所室


Citation: Komegama, Space Chair Fukutoku Kunio,  Okuraya,  Kofun Pantu Laboratory,


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

百済の王子埋葬？防府市の大日古墳石室

(47) 今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(47) This time I would like to introduce...



山口県防府市にある大日(だいにち）古墳（国指定）

The Dainichi Tumulus (designated by the national government) in Hofu City, 

Yamaguchi Prefecture.

 

細いわき道から墓地の入口に私の愛車プレリュード（30年もの）が

やっと入る隙間があるのでそこに停める。


There was barely enough room to fit my beloved Prelude (30 years old) at the entrance to the cemetery, so I parked there.



墓地へと続く道の右側にぽっかりと南向きに横穴式石室が開く

On the right side of the road leading to the cemetery, there is a stone chamber with a side hole facing south.

 

上をみると後円部であることが輪郭でわかる
前方部はすでに墓地化されていると推定
墳丘表面で埴輪は認められていない

Looking up, we can see the outline of the back part of the chamber.
The front part is presumed to be a cemetery.
No haniwa (clay figurines) are found on the surface of the mound.

大日古墳は全長40ｍ、後円部の直径は20ｍ、高さは不明

The Dainichi burial mound is 40m in length, 

the diameter of the back part is 20m, and the height is unknown.


築造はAC670～690年ごろ（古墳時代終末期・7世紀後半）

Built around 670-690 AC (late Kofun period, late 7th century)

  この古墳の見どころは何といっても石室と石棺！
 

The highlight of this tomb is the stone chamber and sarcophagus!

石室全長は13.2ｍ
玄室長さ3.6ｍ、幅2.1ｍ、高さ約2.5ｍ
羨道長さ9.7ｍ、幅1.45ｍ（玄門）・2.2ｍ（開口部）
山口県内では最も長い

Total length of stone chamber: 13.2m
The total length of the stone chamber is 13.2 m. The length of the basement is 3.6 m, width 2.1 m, and height about 2.5 m.
Enclosure length 9.7m, width 1.45m (Genmon) and 2.2m (opening)
The longest in Yamaguchi Prefecture.

右側の岩が両袖式と言われる玄室と羨道を分ける左右にある岩の一つ

上が羨道で、下の玄室との境にある敷居石

羨道と玄室とは垂石（天井に段差）と両袖式の岩

そして敷居石によって明確に区画されている。


The enclave is clearly separated from the main chamber by hanging stones (steps in the ceiling), double-sleeved rocks, and threshold stones.

玄室は奥壁・側壁とも3段積みで、羨道は1-3段積み


The inner and side walls of the chamber are built in three layers, while the envious way is built in one to three layers.


 

また玄室の側壁上部は内側に傾斜し天井石を支えている


The upper part of the side wall of the chamber slopes inward 

to support the ceiling stone.



こうした特徴は近畿地方の岩屋山式石室に見られるとのこと。


These features can be seen in Iwayayama-style stone chambers in the Kinki region.

 

玄室には凝灰岩性の刳抜（くりぬき）式家型石棺が置かれている。


In the basement, there is a dugout house-shaped sarcophagus made of tuff.



蓋石：長さ1.88ｍ、幅0.95ｍ、高さ0.40ｍ
身石：長さ1.85ｍ、幅0.93ｍ、高さ0.65ｍ


Cover stone: 1.88 meters long, 0.95 meters wide, and 0.40 meters high.
Body stone: 1.85m long, 0.93m wide, 0.65m high.

蓋石には前後1対・左右2対の計6個の縄掛突起がある。



The lid stone has six rope-hanging projections, 

one pair in front and back, and two pairs on each side.


この石材も兵庫県高砂市周辺でとれることから、

この古墳の被葬者はヤマト政権に近いつながりがあったのではないか。


This stone material is also found in the Takasago City area of Hyogo Prefecture, suggesting that the burial mound's burial victims may have

 had close ties to the Yamato regime.

『防長風土注進案』に

百済の琳聖太子（大内氏祖）の墓との伝承がある

なお諸説ある。

    　　
There are several theories about the burial mound, including one that attributed it to the tomb of RinSeitaishi (founder of the Ouchi clan) of Kudara.


副葬品は明らかでない。


The burial accessories are not known.


この古墳に車で向かう場合は、1台分しか駐車場がないので注意が必要。

If you are driving, please note that there is only parking space for one car.




引用／現地説明版（Ｈ28）・ウイキペディア


Reference: Local Description (H28), Wikipedia



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***

ラッコのしっぽ？島根・四隅突出形墳丘墓

(46)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(46) This time I would like to introduce...


島根県安来市にある仲仙寺墳墓群9号墳（国指定）


Tyusenji Tomb Group No. 9 in Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture (designated by the national government)

住宅地化された丘陵の細い登り道の途中に、案内版が設置してあり、

そこから斜面を登っていくと、平坦な頂に墳丘が見えてくる。


There is an information board in the middle of a narrow path up a residential hill, and as you climb up the slope, you will see a mound on a flat top.


 

この墳墓は高さはないが、上に登ってみると

四隅にラッコのしっぽのようなものがある。


This mound is not very tall, but when you climb up, you can see what looks like the tails of sea otters at the four corners.



四隅（よすみ）突出型墳丘墓と呼ばれる独特な墳墓形だ。


This is a unique tomb shape called a yosumi (four corners protruding) tomb.

 

仲仙寺墳墓群は団地造成によって丘陵にあった15基の古墳・墳丘墓のうち

四隅突出型墳丘墓（8号・9号）２基のみとなっている


Due to the construction of a housing complex, only two of the 15 burial mounds on the hillside, No. 8 and No. 9, are left.

 

この四隅（よすみ）突出型墳丘墓は、弥生時代中期以降、

吉備・山陰・北陸の各地方で行われた墓制で、

四隅の突出部に葺石や小石を施すという墳墓形態である。

四隅突出型弥生墳丘墓とも呼称する。


This four-cornered projecting tomb is a grave system that has been used in the Kibi, San-in, and Hokuriku regions since the middle of the Yayoi period, and is a tomb form in which thatched stones or small stones are placed on the four protruding corners. It is also called a four-cornered Yayoi mound tomb.


それはわかるが、当時の権力者は何をモチーフにこの形にしたのだろうか？


This is understandable, but what were the motifs used by the powers that be at the time to create this shape?　
 

出雲地方の首長墓はその後、ヤマト政権の影響を受け、

大型方墳、そして前方後方墳、石棺式石室へと変わっていく。
    　　

However, the tombs of the chiefs in the Izumo region were later influenced by the Yamato regime and changed to large square tombs, then forward and backward tombs, and sarcophagus-type stone chambers.    　　　　

仲仙寺墳墓群の2基の四隅突出型墳丘墓は

弥生時代後期のものと考えられている。


The two four-cornered tombs in the Tyusenji tomb group are thought to be from the late Yayoi period.


８号墓は未発掘 14ｍ×18ｍ、高さ1.5ｍの四隅突出型

Tomb No. 8 has not yet been excavated.It is a four-cornered projecting tomb measuring 14m x 18m and 1.5m high.

 

９号墓は22.5ｍ×27ｍ、高さ3ｍ、突出部の長さ6ｍ、

墳裾に扁平割石をはりつけた四隅突出型


Tomb No. 9 is 22.5 m x 27 m, 3 m high, 6 m long at the protruding part, and has four protruding corners with flat broken stones attached to the base of the tomb.

墳頂部と墳袖部にそれぞれ箱型木棺３基


Three box-shaped wooden coffins at the top of the mound　and sarcophagi at the top of the mound.



中央の木棺の中から碧玉製管玉、墓穴上面から多数の土器


The wooden coffin in the center contains a jade ball, and many earthenware vessels were found on the upper surface of the tomb.



この墳墓群へのアクセスは、

JR荒島駅からバス5分、安来三中前下車徒歩10分とある。


To get to this tomb group, take a 5-minute bus ride from JR Arashima Station, get off at Yasugi Sanchu-mae bus stop, and walk 10 minutes.



車の場合、駐車場がないので注意が必要。


If you are driving, please note that there is no parking lot.



引用／現地説明版（Ｈ12）・しまね観光ナビ・ウイキペディア

Reference: Local Description (H12), Shimane Sightseeing Navigation, Wikipedia


翻訳／DeepL翻訳

*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***




 

岡山の吉備路！奈良時代を感じる国分寺跡と五重塔

(45)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(45) This time I would like to introduce...


岡山県総社市にある備中国分寺跡と五重塔（重文）

    　　　　
Ruins of Bicchu Kokubunji Temple and Five-storied Pagoda (Important Cultural Property) in Soja City, Okayama Prefecture    
　　　　


備中国分寺跡


Ruins of Bicchu Kokubunji Temple



奈良時代中期の天平時代、741年に聖武天皇の発願によって建立が始まった。


Bicchu Kokubunji Temple was built in 741 during the Tenpyo Period, the middle of the Nara Period, at the request of Emperor Shomu.



仏教の力を借りて天災や飢饉（ききん）から国を守る

「鎮護国家思想」をもとに建てられた。


The temple was built based on the concept of "Chingo Kokubun-ji," which means "protection of the nation from natural disasters and famine with the help of Buddhism.



創建当初の備中国分寺跡は現在の国分寺境内と重複しているが、

創建当時の礎石が多く残されており、

寺域は東西160メートル・南北180メートル。
ただし金堂や講堂の位置・規模は不明


The site of the original Bicchu Kokubunji Temple overlaps the current Kokubunji Temple precincts, but many of the foundation stones from the time of its construction still remain.However, the location and scale of the Kondo and the lecture hall are unknown.



出土した土器などから中世初期まで存続したと推定。


Based on the pottery excavated, it is estimated that the temple survived until the early medieval period.


寺伝では、廃寺となっていた国分寺を天正年間（1573年-1592年）に

備中高松城主・清水宗治が再興したが衰微し、

江戸時代中期の宝永年間（1704年-1711年）に再建されたとされる。


According to the temple legend, the abandoned Kokubunji Temple was rebuilt by Soji Shimizu, the lord of Bicchu Takamatsu Castle, during the Tensho period (1573-1592), but it declined and was rebuilt during the 1704-1711 Hōei period (mid-Edo period).



備中国分寺五重塔


Five-story pagoda of Bicchu Kokubunji Temple


    
創建当時は高さ約50メートルの七重塔と推定。
現在の五重塔は、高さ34.315メートル。


When it was built, it was estimated to be a seven-storied pagoda with 

a height of about 50 meters.
The present five-story pagoda is 34.315 meters high.



南北朝時代（1337-1392）に奈良時代の七重塔を焼失したが、

1844年-1847年に再建された。


During the Nanbokucho period (1337-1392), the Nara-era seven-story pagoda was destroyed by fire, but it was rebuilt in 1844-1847.



屋根の上層と下層がほぼ同じ大きさの細長い造りで相輪も短く、

時代後期の様式を濃く残す五重塔。


It is a five-storied pagoda that retains the style of the late Edo period with its elongated structure and short aisurin, where the upper and lower roofs are almost the same size.



三重塔の計画を途中で五重塔に変更したとされ、

3層まではケヤキ材、4・5層まではマツ材が主体。


It is said that the pagoda was originally planned as a three-story pagoda, but was changed to a five-story pagoda in the middle of the project. The first three stories are made of zelkova wood, and the fourth and fifth stories are mainly made of pine.


 

塔内は初層内部中央に心柱が立ち、四周に四天柱を据え、

その内側に仏壇を作り、四如来像を安置している。

天井は格子状で天井板には55cm角大の欅の一枚板を使い、

彩色画が描かれ、堂内をいっそう荘厳にしている。

絵は全部で104枚あり、四天柱の脇にある４枚の天女図のほかは 

季節の花々を描いた草花文。


Inside the pagoda, a central pillar stands in the center of the first floor, and four pillars are placed around the four sides. Inside the pillars, a Buddhist altar is built and four images of Buddha are enshrined. The ceiling is latticed, and the ceiling board is made of a single 55cm square zelkova board with colored paintings on it, 

making the hall even more solemn.
There are 104 paintings in total, and besides the four pictures of Tennyo (celestial maidens) on the sides of the four pillars, 

the others are flower designs depicting seasonal flowers.



岡山県唯一の五重塔として重要文化財に指定


As the only five-story pagoda in Okayama Prefecture,

 it is designated as an important cultural property.



アクセスは、岡山総社ＩＣから車１０分、総社駅から車１０分

駐車場は無料、普通車２００台
総社駅からレンタサイクルでも約20分、

吉備路自転車道で行くのが最高におすすめ！


Access: 10 minutes drive from Okayama Soja IC, 1

0 minutes drive from Soja Station. Parking is free. 200 cars.
Also about 20 minutes from Soja Station by rented bicycle, 

best to take the Kibi Road Bicycle Path!




引用／現地説明版（Ｈ14）・岡山観光WEB・総社観光ナビ・ウイキペディア

Reference/ Local explanation version (H14), Okayama Sightseeing Web, Soja Sightseeing Navigation, Wikipedia



翻訳／DeepL翻訳

 

住宅開発に負けるな！最古級古墳の姫路・瓢塚古墳

(44)今回ご紹介するのは・・・


(44) This time I would like to introduce...




兵庫県姫路市にある瓢（ひさご）塚古墳（国指定）


The Hisago-zuka burial mound in Himeji City, 

Hyogo Prefecture (designated by the national government).



最古級の前方後円墳で揖保川下流域の丁(よろ）古墳群に属する。


It is one of the oldest anterior-posterior round burial mounds and belongs to the Yoro burial mound group in the lower reaches of the Ibo River.



古墳へのアクセスでは、駐車場はなく、

住宅地をぬけた道横に案内板があり、前方部に続いている。


There is no parking lot to access the tomb, but there is an information board next to the road through the residential area, which leads to the front part of the tomb.



前方部の上りはじめは急斜面になっている。


The front part of the mound has a steep slope at the beginning of the ascent.



前方部頂からくびれ部にかけてなだらかに下り、

くびれ部から後円部へは35度くらいの急斜面となり頂へと至る。


It gently descends from the top of the front part to the neck part, and from the neck part to the back part, the slope is about 35 degrees steeper, leading to the top.

古墳は、くびれ部に至るまですきまなく住宅地に浸食・囲まれており、

よく今まで削平されずに残ったなと思う。
地元の理解ある人々が代々守っていたのだろう。


The mound is surrounded by residential areas without any gaps until it reaches the neck, and I wonder how it has remained unsculpted until now.
It must have been protected for generations by local people who understood the situation.




古墳の規模は発掘調査されていないため詳らかでない。
最大説をとると全長109ｍ、後円部径58ｍ、前方部幅40ｍの規模とされている。


The scale of the tomb is still unclear as it has not been excavated.
According to the largest theory, it is 109 meters long, 58 meters in diameter at the back, and 40 meters wide at the front.



後円部の高さは不明だが、周辺の住宅の高さや石室が露出していることから推定すると

三階建て（９ｍ）以上はあったと思われる、前方部は2階建て（６ｍ）以上と感じた。


The height of the posterior part is unknown, but based on the height of the surrounding houses and the exposed stone chambers, it is estimated to have been more than three stories (9m), and the front part was felt to be more than two stories (6m).



 

段築は後円部3段、前方部２段の可能性があり、墳丘表面には葺石が認められる。



There is a possibility that the tomb was built in three levels in the back and two levels in the front, and thatched stones were found on the surface of the mound.



埴輪の配置は確定されていない。
墳丘周縁では石垣状の列石が巡らされたと推測されるが、

周濠は認められていない。


The arrangement of haniwa (clay figurines) has not yet been determined.
It is assumed that a stone-wall-like row of stones was built around the mound's periphery, but no perimeter moat was found.

築造はAC300年代（４世紀ごろ・古墳時代初期）


It was built in the 300s AC (around the 4th century, early Kofun period).　




前方部の形態が撥（ばち）形に開いていることから

最古式の古墳であり、当時の畿内ヤマト王権の大王墓クラスで、

一説には箸墓古墳（奈良県桜井市）と相似形とされ、

前方後円墳の成立を知るうえでも重要とのことだ。


It is the oldest type of burial mound because the front part of the mound is open in the shape of a bachi, and it is said to be similar to the great royal tombs of the Yamato Kingdom in the Kinai region at that time, and according to one theory, to the Hashihaka Tomb in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.
 

埋葬施設は後円部中心からややはずれた南縁に

竪穴式石室が露出しているが石室の長さ等は不明。


As for the burial facilities, a pit-type stone chamber is exposed on the southern edge, slightly off the center of the posterior circle, but the length of the chamber is unknown.
 

古式土師器や竹管文を押捺する特殊な壺形土器の破片が採取されている。


Fragments of archaic earthenware and special vase-shaped earthenware stamped with a bamboo pipe design were collected.


なお後円部中央部においても中心施設の存在が推測されている。


The existence of a central facility in the central part of the back circle is also inferred.



引用／現地説明版（Ｈ14）・文化遺産オンライン・ウイキペディア


Reference: Local Description (H14), Cultural Heritage Online, Wikipedia


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
 

安土城の向かいの山に140ｍ級の瓢箪山古墳

(43)今回ご紹介するのは・・・

(43) This time I would like to introduce...


近江八幡市にある安土・瓢箪山（ひょうたんやま）古墳（国指定）


The Hyotan-yama burial mound in Azuchi, located in Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture (designated as a national archaeological site).


滋賀県安土城考古博物館掲示物より
 

この古墳は滋賀県で最大級の規模を誇る前方後円墳


This tomb is one of the largest anterior-posterior tombs in Shiga Prefecture.

全長136ｍで後円部直径78ｍ・高さ13ｍ、前方部幅62ｍ・高さ7ｍ

The total length is 136m.The posterior part is 78m in diameter and 13m high, and the anterior part is 62m wide and 7m high.


段築は不明で墳丘表面の葺石も明確でない


The terraced construction is unknown, and the thatched stone on the surface of the mound is also unclear.



築造はAC350年ごろ（4世紀中ごろ・古墳時代前期）


Constructed around 350 AC (mid-4th century, early Kofun period).

古墳の駐車場は、安土城の向かい側にある山の中腹にある。


There is a parking lot in the middle of the mountain across from the mountain where Azuchi Castle is located.

登山口のような案内板の横から木製の階段を上り詰めたところに後円部頂がある


The summit of the posterior part of the mountain is located at the end of a wooden staircase next to an information board that looks like a trailhead.

かろうじて後円部の頂であること分かる

石室のあった跡と思われるくぼみと石

後円部の頂は笹が生い茂っており、全体の様子は分からないが、

石室があったと思われるくぼみがある


The top of the posterior circle is overgrown with bamboos, so you can't see the whole area, but there is a hollow where a stone chamber may have been.


 

そこからカーブして下ると開けた前方部に至る。


Going down from there, you will reach the open front part.

この古墳の全景を撮れる位置がわからず断念した


I couldn't find a position where I could take a full view of this tomb, so I gave up.



前方部に2基の石棺、後円部に3基の竪穴式石室を持つ


It has two stone coffins in the front part and three pit stone chambers in the back part.



後円部中央の石室は割石小口積みで割竹形木棺が出土


The stone chamber in the center of the back circle is paved with broken stones and a wooden coffin in the shape of a split bamboo was excavated.


滋賀県安土城考古博物館掲示物より

石室の長さ6.6ｍ・幅1.3ｍ・高さ1.1ｍ、木棺の長さ6.2ｍ
The stone chamber is 6.6m long, 1.3m wide, and 1.1m high, and the wooden coffin is 6.2m long.

滋賀県安土城考古博物館掲示物より

出土品は二神二獣鏡（国産）・夔鳳（きほう）鏡（中国産）や

装飾品、管玉、鉄剣、鉄刀、堅板矧皮綴短甲など多数
A large number of artifacts were excavated, including two mirrors of two gods and two animals (domestically produced), a Kifeng mirror (produced in China), ornaments, jade tubes, iron swords, iron swords, and short armor made of hard board and leather.


近傍に沙沙貴神社（ささきじんじゃ）があるが、

被葬者は当時の蒲生郡、神埼郡の豪族

「狭狭城山の君」（ささきやまのきみ）に関連するとも

There is a Sasaki Shrine nearby, and the buried person is said to be related to "Sasakiyama no Kimi," a powerful family from Gamo and Kanzaki counties at the time.

また近年発掘された雪野山古墳（東近江市）との関係性が注目されている

The burial mound is said to be related to the Yukinoyama burial mound (Higashiomi City), which was recently excavated.

 

遺物は京都大学総合博物館で保管され一部は、

滋賀県安土城考古博物館で展示されている
The artifacts are stored at the Kyoto University Museum, and part of them are on display at the Shiga Prefectural Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum.


引用／現地説明版・滋賀県安土城考古博物館展示・ウイキペディア

Reference: Local description, Shiga Prefecture Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum exhibition, Wikipedia


翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***





 

名古屋の石英輝く白鳥塚古墳は奈良行燈山古墳の１/2

(42)今回ご紹介するのは・・・
 

(42) This time I would like to introduce...



　名古屋市守山区にある白鳥塚古墳（志段味古墳群②）


Shiratori-zuka Kofun Tumulus (Shidami Kofun Tumulus Group 2) in Moriyama Ward, Nagoya City.




白鳥塚古墳は愛知県で最も古い前方後円墳で規模は3番目


Shiratori-zuka Kofun is the oldest anterior-posterior round tomb in Aichi Prefecture, and the third largest in size.



白鳥塚の名称の由来は、墳丘が石英で白く輝いていた様子からと言われているが、『東春日井郡誌』には、ヤマトタケルをめぐる伝説として「ヤマトタケルが伊吹山の賊を征伐に行く途中、伊吹山麓でヘビに足をかまれた。傷口がたいへん痛く、川で足を洗っていたところ、一羽の白鳥が現れた。ヤマトタケルは白鳥に尾張まで連れて行ってくれと頼んだ。ヤマトタケルをのせた白鳥は、尾張の東谷山の麓に着いたところで死んでしまった。ヤマトタケルはその場所に白鳥を葬ったが、その墓が白鳥塚と言い伝えられている。」とある。


The origin of the name "Shiratori-zuka" is said to be from the way the mound was glistening white with quartz, but in "Higashi Kasugai-gunshi," there is a legend about Yamatotakeru: "Yamatotakeru was on his way to conquer the bandits of Mount Ibuki when he was bitten on the leg by a snake at the foot of Mount Ibuki. The wound was very painful, and while he was washing his feet in the river, a swan appeared. Yamatotakeru asked the swan to take him to Owari. The swan, carrying Yamatotakeru, died when it reached the foot of Mt. Yamatotakeru buried the swan there, and the tomb is said to be called Shiratori-zuka.

築造はAC310～340年頃（4世紀前半・古墳時代前期半ば）


 It was built around 310-340 AC (first half of the 4th century, mid-Kofun period).

全長115ｍ、後円部の高さ15.2ｍ、直径約75ｍ、前方部の高さ6.7ｍ、長さ約43ｍ


Length 115m, height of the posterior part 15.2m, diameter about 75m, height of the anterior part 6.7m, length about 43m
 

後円部・3段築成の1段目

後円部頂より前方部を望む

前方部より後円部を望む

墳丘の形は、前方部2段、後円部3段築成で、5階建ての高さに

相当する後円部に比べ前方部は細く短く低いのが特徴。


The shape of the mound is characterized by the two-story construction of the front part and three-story construction of the back part, with the front part being thinner and shorter and lower than the back part, which is equivalent to the height of a five-story building.




同時期に築造された奈良県天理市にある大型の行燈山（あんどんやま）古墳（長さ242m・後円部高さ31m・前方部高さ13.6ｍ）に形が似ており、大きさは約１/2のようである。


The shape is similar to that of the large Andonyama burial mound in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture, which was built at the same time (242 m long, 31 m high in the back circle, 13.6 m high in the front), and it appears to be about half the size.



周壕と後円部に渡土手（幅約9ｍの陸橋）があり、埴輪はない


There is a causeway (9ｍ・overpass) on the periphery and posterior circle.
There is no haniwa (clay figurine).


墳頂平面には石英の小礫が敷き詰められ、墳丘斜面には葺石の上に多量の石英が撒かれ飾られていた。



The top of the mound was covered with small quartz rubble, and the slope of the mound was decorated with a large amount of quartz scattered on top of the thatched stone.
 

これらのことから白鳥塚の被葬者はヤマト王権と強い関係のあった人物と推定される。


These factors suggest that the buried person of Shiratori Mound was someone who had a strong relationship with the Yamato royal authority.

埋葬施設は、レーダー探査の結果、南北方向に主軸をもつ

二つの埋葬施設が指摘されている


As for the burial facilities, the results of radar surveys indicate two burial facilities with the main axis in the north-south direction.

引用／現地説明版・歴史の里しだみ古墳群HP・ウイキペディア


Reference: Local explanation version, Rekishi no Sato Shidami Kofun Group HP, Wikipedia



翻訳／DeepL翻訳


*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***