The Oku-no-Yama tumulus on the northernmost side of the tomb group.
⑦鉄砲山古墳と⑧中の山古墳と今回の⑨奥の山古墳に囲まれた公園には
東屋が作られていて、そこからぐるっと3古墳が見渡せる。
北側を見渡すと奥の山古墳のきれいな起伏を見ることができる。
In the park surrounded by (7) Teppo-yama, (8) Nakanoyama, and (9) Okunoyama, there is a pavilion from which you can see all three tumuli. If you look to the north, you can see the beautiful undulations of the Okunoyama tumulus.
春先から新緑に包まれるころの公園には
ぜひお弁当をもって訪れるのがおすすめ
I highly recommend visiting the park with a packed lunch in the early spring or when the park is covered in fresh greenery.
奥の山古墳も前方後円墳で全長66ｍ
後円部直径43ｍ・高さ6.8ｍ、前方部幅47ｍ・高さ7.4ｍ
It is a frontal back-round tomb with a total length of 66m.
Diameter of the back circle 43m, height 6.8m The front part is 47m wide and 7.4m high.
周溝は北東側が一部復元されている
手前が前方部・左奥に見えるのが鉄砲山古墳
周囲は方形の二重の周溝で囲まれている
It is surrounded by a double moat.
墳丘は2段
The mound is two-storied.
段上に埴輪列があり円筒、馬型、盾形が採取されている。
Haniwa (clay figurines) in the form of cylinders, horses, and shields were collected.
造出し部を発掘した結果、関東では珍しい
須恵器の子持壺と
高杯方器台など祭祀に使われたものが出土
As a result of excavation of the excavation area, a rare Sue ware jar and a high cup-shaped vessel stand used for rituals were excavated.
子持壺は丸底で頸部の長い壷に、
同じ形の小さな小壷が3個付いたもの。
The jars are round-bottomed with a long neck and three small jars of the same shape.
同じく、造り出しから出土した高坏形器台に載せて供えられた。
It was offered on a high cup-shaped stand that was also excavated from the tsukuridashi.
埼玉古墳群の被葬者が関東地方においては
別格の位置にあったことを示す証拠とのこと。
It is said to be evidence that the burials in the Saitama Tumulus Group were in a different position in the Kanto region.
埋葬施設は未発掘
The burial facility has not been excavated.
築造はAC540年～590年ごろ（6世紀中～後半）
Built around 540-590 AC (early 6th century - Late 6th century)
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP・ウイキペディア
Citation: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Sakitama Historical Sites HP, Wikipedia
Nakanoyama Tumulus, the last of the Sakitama Kofun Group
⑦鉄砲山古墳の反対側にあるのが中の山古墳で、
さきたま古墳群のなかでは最後の前方後円墳。
7) On the opposite side of the Teppo-yama Tumulus is the Nakanoyama Tumulus, the last post-anterior-round tomb in the Sakatama Tumulus Group.
前方後円墳で全長79ｍ
後円部直径39ｍ・高さ4.4ｍ、前方部幅40ｍ・高さ5.5ｍ
It is a frontal back-round tomb with a total length of 79m.
Diameter of the back circle 39m, height 4.4m The front part is 40m wide and 5.5m high.
周囲は二重の堀で囲まれている
It is surrounded by a double moat.
発掘調査では、他の古墳のような埴輪ではなく、
「須恵質埴輪壺（すえしつはにわつぼ）」という
関東では例のない変わった土器が出土。
During the excavation, instead of a haniwa (clay figurine) as in other ancient tombs, an unusual earthenware vessel called a sueshi-haniwa-tsubo (clay figurine jar) was excavated, which is unprecedented in the Kanto region.
須恵器と同じく灰色に焼きしまり、形は、口がラッパのように広がり、
胴体はやや細長く、底は穴があいています。
Like Sue ware, it is grayish in color and has a wide mouth like a trumpet, a slightly elongated body, and a hole in the bottom.
頭の大きな「銚子」のようです。
これと似たような土器は韓国（伏岩里2号墳など）と
大分県日の朝日天神山古墳群などでしか確認されていないようです。
It looks like a large-headed "choshi" (sake bottle).
Pottery similar to this one has only been found in Korea (Fuse-Iam-ri No. 2 Tumulus, etc.) and the Asahi Tenjinyama Tumulus Group in Oita Prefecture, Japan.
埋葬施設
Burial Facilities
後円部の頂上には掘り返されたとみられるくぼみがあり、
かつて石棺が出土したという言い伝えがあり
盗掘された可能性が高いとのこと。
別名「唐櫃山（かろうとやま）」ともいう。
At the top of the posterior circle, there is a hollow that appears to have been dug up, and it is said that a sarcophagus was once unearthed there, so there is a high possibility that it was stolen.
It is also known as "Karoutoyama".
築造はAC590年～640年ごろ（6世紀末～7世紀初め）
Built around 590-640 AC (Late 6th century - early 7th century)
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP・ウイキペディア
Citation: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Sakitama Historical Sites HP, Wikipedia
The Teppo-yama burial mound has a three-tiered moat, which is rare in Japan (Sakatama Burial Mounds, Part 7)
二子山古墳を後にして再び古墳の道（77号線）を渡ると、
ほどなくして、鉄砲山古墳の後円部正面が見えてくる。
After leaving the Futagoyama Tumulus and crossing the Tumulus Road (Route 77) again, the front of the rear circle of the Teppo-yama Tumulus will soon come into view.
この鉄砲山古墳は二子山古墳を80％に縮めた形をしている。
This Teppo-yama tumulus is 80% smaller than the Futagoyama tumulus.
It is a frontal back-round tomb with a total length of 109m.
The total length including the circumference moat is 163m.
Diameter of the back circle 55m, height 9.0m
The front part is 69m wide and 10.1m high.
また全国的にも3例程度しかない珍しい
3重堀（西側の一部で三重目の堀が確認）を有する。
It also has a rare triple moat (a third moat is found in a part of the west side),
which is one of only three examples in Japan.
左側くびれ部に造出しがあるが、西側中堤にも
同古墳群の稲荷山古墳、二子山古墳、将軍山古墳同様、
大きく突出する造出し状の施設が確認されている。
There is an embankment on the left side of the mound, and like the Inariyama, Futagoyama, and Shogunyama burial mounds in the same burial mound group, a large, protruding embankment-like structure has also been confirmed on the middle bank on the west side.
群馬県の七輿山古墳（全長145ｍ）
中堤の造出しは、埼玉以外で
群馬県の七輿山古墳（後日ご紹介）や福岡県の岩戸山古墳（後日ご紹介）で
確認されているが規模・位置・構造が異なる。
The construction of the middle embankment has been confirmed at the Nanakoshiyama tumulus in Gunma Prefecture (to be introduced later) and the Iwatoyama tumulus in Fukuoka Prefecture (to be introduced later).
埴輪は円筒埴輪、出土物は土師器、須恵器の破片程度
Cylindrical haniwa (terra-cotta tomb figurines), earthenware and Sue ware fragments.
The burial facilities and the interior of the mound have not yet been surveyed, but from the results of radar surveys and excavations conducted on the back of the mound, it is known that there is a side-hole stone chamber that opens to the south.
The entrance to the stone chamber was covered with a thick layer of clay.
鉄砲山古墳の名前は
江戸時代に忍藩（おしはん）が砲術練習場として
使用したことに由来、それ以前は
「御風呂山（おふろやま）」と呼ばれていたとのこと。
The name "Teppo-yama Kofun" comes from the fact that it was used as a gunnery training ground by the Oshin clan during the Edo period, and before that it was called "Ofuro-yama".
築造はAC560年～590年ごろ（6世紀後半）
Built around 560-590 AC (first half of the 6th century)
現地看板は平成2年現在なので古い
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP・ウイキペディア
Citation: Local explanation version,
Saitama Prefectural Museum of Sakitama Historical Sites HP, Wikipedia
Sakitama Kofun Tumulus Group Special Feature ⑥ Futagoyama Kofun Tumulus: The Largest in the Land of Musashi
将軍山古墳から小道を挟んで、さきたま古墳群最大の二子山古墳に向かう
Across the path from the Shogun-yama Tumulus, I headed for the Futagoyama Tumulus, the largest of the Sakatama Tumulus Group.
前方後円墳で全長132ｍ
後円部直径67ｍ・高さ11.7ｍ
前方部幅83.2ｍ・高さ13.7ｍ
This is an anterior-posterior circular tomb with a total length of 132 meters.
The posterior part is 67m in diameter and 11.7m high.
The front part is 83.2m wide and 13.7m high
武蔵の国（埼玉・東京・神奈川の一部）で最大で、
墳形は大仙陵古墳と類似、稲荷山古墳を1.15倍すると二子山古墳と重なる
This is the largest tomb in the Musashi region (Saitama, Tokyo, and part of Kanagawa), and its shape is similar to the Daisenryo tomb.
二子山古墳をはじめ、さきたま古墳群の
前方後円墳は、すべて長方形の２重堀を持つ！
The Futagoyama tumulus and the other post-frontal-round tumuli in the Sakitama Kofun Group all have rectangular double moats!
二重堀は大阪の大王墓クラスに採用されるものであるが、
堀形が長方形であることが大きな違い。
The double moat is used in the class of tombs of great kings in Osaka, but the main difference is that the moat is rectangular in shape.
さらに造出しもすべて南側にある。
二子山古墳は左くびれ部及び中堤にもある。
In addition, the moats are all located on the south side. The Futagoyama burial mound is also located in the left neck and middle bank.
2019.2.2に埼玉県埋蔵文化財センターが行った
二子山古墳の造り出し部の発掘説明会に参加した際に
以下のような説明（前回の説明会の内容含む）があった。
When I attended a briefing on the excavation of the burial mound of Futagoyama Kofun held by the Saitama Prefecture Archaeological Center on February 2, 2019, the following explanations were given (including a review of the previous briefing).
1. The mound is built in two layers, upper and lower.
2、Cylinder Haniwa (terra-cotta tomb figurine) was rotating along the mound.
3、On the platform, there were a lot of bowls of earthenware,
and bodies and lids of Sue ware.
4、It is not certain from this excavation, but it seems that the moat was bent along the shape of the decoration.
埴輪は周堀から１ｍを超える円筒型が多数発見された
A number of cylindrical haniwa (clay figurines) over 1 meter in diameter were found in the moat.
今回の説明会でも埴輪の出土状況が確認された。
In this briefing, the excavation of haniwa was also confirmed.
なお埋葬施設・墳丘内部は未調査
Burial facilities and the inside of the mound have not been investigated.
築造はAC510年～540年ごろ（6世紀前半）
Built around 510-540 AC (first half of the 6th century)
Shogun-yama Kofun (Sakatama Kofun Group Special, Part 5)
稲荷山古墳（その４）の墳頂から将軍山古墳全体がよく見える。
The Shogun-yama tumulus can be seen clearly
from the top of the Inariyama tumulus (No. 4).
前方後円墳で全長90ｍ、後円部直径39ｍ・高さ8.4ｍ、
前方部幅68ｍ・高さ9.4ｍ（いずれも復元後）
This is a 90-meter-long, anterior-posterior circular mound, with the posterior portion measuring 39 meters in diameter and 8.4 meters in height, and the anterior portion measuring 68 meters in width and 9.4 meters in height (all after reconstruction).
墳形は前方部のほうが後円部より幅が大きい
墳丘の形状と二重の周濠を持つという点で
千葉県富津市の稲荷山古墳（全長102ｍ・後円部直径52ｍ・前方部幅84ｍ）に
類似し石室も千葉県富津市の房州石を利用している。
The shape of the mound is similar to that of the Inariyama burial mound in Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture (total length: 102 m, diameter of the posterior circle: 52 m, width of the anterior circle: 84 m) in that the anterior part is wider than the posterior circle and the mound has a double perimeter moat.
The stone chamber is made of Boshu stone from Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture.
三角に見える囲いが造り出し
長方形の２重堀があり、左後円部に造出しとブリッジがある。
There is a rectangular double moat and a bridge on the left rear circle.
埴輪は墳丘頂上・斜面の２段から円筒、朝顔型、盾、靫、人物などが出土
Cylinders, morning glories, shields, pitchers, and figures were excavated from the top and two slopes of the mound.
In 1894, a local resident excavated the back of the tomb to use stones from the tomb for his garden, and discovered what appeared to be a stone chamber with a side hole.
With the permission of the government, they investigated the inside of the mound and unearthed a number of burial accessories.
副葬品は銅椀 環頭太刀、鉄矛 甲（よろい）、冑、
金銅製馬具、馬鎧（ばちゅう）、蛇行状鉄器、など多数
These included a copper bowl, a ring-headed sword, an iron spear, armor, gilt-bronze harness, horse armor, and a serpentine iron vessel.
なお前方部にも木棺の竪穴安置（木棺直葬）あり
A wooden coffin was placed in a pit in the front part of the site.
築造はAC560年～590年ごろ（6世紀後半・古墳時代後期）
Built around 560-590 AC (late 6th century, late Kofun period).
横穴式石室と古墳の断面が見学できる
将軍山古墳展示館が後円部南側に作られている。
The Shogun-yama Tumulus Exhibition Hall, where visitors can see the cross-section of the tomb and the side-hole stone chamber,
has been built on the south side of the rear circle.
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP・
ウイキペディア・将軍山古墳展示館・古墳マップ
Citation: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Sakatama Historical Sites HP, Wikipedia, Shogun-yama Kofun Exhibition Hall, Kofun Map
(Saitama Ancient Tomb Group Special Feature, Part 4)
模造品より 表
模造品 裏
世紀の大発見となった金錯銘鉄剣は、115文字の金象嵌の銘文が表され、
その内容が日本書紀の第21代雄略天皇期（辛亥年＝AC471年）の記載内容を
裏付けるものとなったことにより、日本の記紀等に記載される
古代の事実年代を探るうえでの基準となった画期的なものであった。
The iron sword inscribed with gold inlays, which was a major discovery in the 19th century, has an inscription of 115 characters in gold inlays, and the content of the inscription confirms the description of the 21st Emperor Yuryaku in the Chronicles of Japan (the year of Shingai = 471 AC).
国立博物館展示 熊本の江田船山古墳出土の鉄剣
大王名の欠損部分
また、以前に熊本県の江田船山古墳から発見されていた鉄剣の銀象嵌銘文のうち、
不明であった王名部分が同じワカタケル（雄略天皇）をさすとの見方が有力となったことから
AC460～490年ごろには、すでに大王の権力が少なくとも現代の九州熊本地方から
関東の埼玉まで及んでいたことが推測されることとなったことも
画期的な発見であった。
In addition, the silver inlaid inscription on the iron sword found in the Eda Funayama burial mound in Kumamoto Prefecture, which was previously unknown, is now widely believed to refer to the same Emperor Yuryaku, suggesting that by around 460-490 AC, the power of the Great King had already extended from the Kumamoto region of modern Kyushu to Saitama in the Kanto region. This was also a groundbreaking discovery.
さらに中国の「宋書」に登場する倭の５王（讃・珍・済・興・武）のうちの
「武」に該当することも推定され、AC400年代の倭の姿が、
国内からも中国からもおぼろげながら見え始めることにもなった。
In addition, it is estimated that the king corresponds to the "Bu" of the five kings of Japan (San, Chin, Sei, Kou, and Bu) in the "SoSho" of China, and the image of Japan in the 400's AC has begun to be seen, albeit dimly, both from within Japan and from China.
In the middle of the seventh month of the year of Xingai, it is written, A vassal of Wowake. Originator´s name was Ohohiko. His son's name was Sukune of Takari. His son's name was Teyokariwake. His son's name was Takahishi. The child's name is Tasakiwake. The child's name is Hatehi.
The child's name was Kasahiyo(Kasahara). His son's name is A vassal of Wowake.. He has been the head of the sword people for many generations, and has been dedicated to the service up to the present. When I was in the temple of the Great King of Wakatakeru and in the palace of Siki, I ruled the world and made these 100 swords, and Here are the facts as I served them.
「獲加多支鹵大王」とは、日本書紀の第21代雄略天皇
（大泊瀬幼武・オオハツセワカタケ・己巳年（489年？）8月9日に崩御）を指し、
大王が居住した「斯鬼宮」からも実在の実証となっている。
The "Great King of Wakatakeru" refers to the 21st Emperor Yuryaku (Ohatsuse Wakatake・He died on August 9, 489.) in the Chronicles of Japan, and the "Siki Palace" proves that the Great King actually lived there.
なお上祖の「オホヒコ」はだれなのか？
被葬者の「ヲワケ」の出身はどこなのか様々な説があるようだ。
In addition,There are many theories.// who is the "Ohohiko" of Originator? and where the buried "Owauke" came from.
さらには辛亥年を471年ではなく531年とする説も一部にあり、
その場合日本書記534年、安閑天皇より笠原直使主（かさはらのあたいおみ）が
武蔵国造と定められたことにより、何の基盤もなかった
埼玉郡笠原（現在の鴻巣市笠原）に突如として畿内に匹敵する
中型前方後円墳が出現したことの説明がつくことから
武蔵国造の墓であるとする。
There is also a theory that the year of Xingai is not 471, but 531.In this case, the Emperor Ankan appointed Kasahara no Ataiomi as the Musashi Kuninomiyatuko in 534, and suddenly a medium-sized tomb appeared in Kasahara, Saitama County (present-day Kasahara, Konosu City), which had no foundation. The national treasure is the tomb of Musashi Kuninomiyatuko.
古墳について
大仙陵古墳を4分の1に縮小した形と類似しており、
築造はAC460～490年ごろ（５世紀後半）で
埼玉古墳群の中では最初に築造された。
This burial mound is similar to the Daisenryo burial mound reduced to a quarter of its original size, and was built around 460-490 AC (late 5th century), making it the first burial mound in the Saitama burial mound group.
以後に築造された同古墳群の二子山古墳、
鉄砲山古墳の墳形の元となったようだ。
It seems to have been the basis for the shapes of the Futagoyama and Teppo-yama burial mounds that were built later in the same tomb group.
後円部
前方部（復元）
前方後円墳で
全長120ｍ、後円部直径62ｍ、高さ11.7ｍ、
前方部幅74ｍ、高さ10.7ｍ
It is an anterior and posterior round tomb with a total length of 120 m, a diameter of 62 m for the posterior part, and a height of 11.7 m.
The anterior part is 74 m wide and 10.7 m high.
2段築成で葺石はないが、後円部左くびれ部分に造出しあり
It is a two-tiered construction with no thatched roof, but there is an overhang on the left side of the rear circle.
方形の２重壕（深さ1.8M・空堀）がめぐっていた
A square double-tiered shelter (1.8m deep, empty moat) surrounded the mound.
墳丘各所や周辺からは円筒埴輪や人物埴輪、形象埴輪（家・盾・馬・鳥・猪など）、
土師器、須恵器が見つかっている。
Cylindrical haniwa (clay figurines), human haniwa , figurative haniwa (houses, shields, horses, birds, boars, etc.), earthenware, and Sue ware were found in and around the mound.
前方部長軸は富士山に向いている。
The anterior chief axis faces Mt.
以前に撮影した礫槨部分の写真（今は無い）
埋葬施設は竪穴式の礫槨と粘土槨の二つ
Two burial facilities were found: a pit-type gravel burial chamber and a clay burial chamber.
埋葬副葬品（国宝）
Burial accessories (National Treasure)
礫槨からは金錯銘鉄剣のほか、画文帯神獣鏡1面、勾玉1箇、銀環2箇、
金銅製帯金具1条分、鉄剣1口、鉄刀5口、鉄矛2口、挂甲小札一括、
馬具類一括、鉄鏃一括などが出土
粘土槨からは鉄刀、挂甲、馬具などの断片が検出。
In addition to an iron sword with gold inscriptions, one mirror with a design of a beast and a band, one jade ball, two silver rings, one gilt-bronze band fitting, one iron sword, five iron swords, two iron spears, one piece of keiko armor, one piece of harness, one piece of iron arrowhead, etc. were excavated from the burial chamber.
From the clay burial chamber, fragments of an iron sword, keiko armor and horse gear were found.
レーダー探査で後円部中央部分の地下2.5ｍに構造物の存在が認められており、
割石積みの竪穴式石室(槨)が想定されているようだ。
The presence of a structure was confirmed by radar survey, and it is assumed to be a pit-type stone burial chamber made of broken stones.
当初、古墳の発掘は（54）でご紹介した愛宕山古墳で行われる予定であったが、
前方部がすでに削平され後円部も崩壊の危険があった
稲荷山古墳に変更されたことが
国宝発見の偶然性とかさなる。
Initially, the excavation of the burial mound was scheduled to be conducted at the Atagoyama burial mound introduced in (54), but it was changed to the Inariyama burial mound because the front part had already been flattened and the back part was in danger of collapsing, which coincided with the discovery of the national treasure.
私的には墳形が大仙陵古墳（仁徳天皇陵）に類似している点も
今後の時代背景と結びついてくれると面白いと思う。
In my opinion, it would be interesting if the shape of the tomb resembles that of the Daisenryo tumulus (Emperor Nintoku's tomb), and if it can be connected to the historical background in the future.
なお国宝の遺物は埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館に保管・展示されている。
金象嵌鉄剣が縦に両面とも間近に見れるように工夫されている。
The relics, which are national treasures, are stored and displayed at the Saitama Prefectural Museum of Historic Sites. The gold inlaid iron sword is displayed vertically on both sides in an ingenious way so that it can be seen up close.
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP・ウイキペディア・古墳マップ
Reference: Local description, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Sakatama Historical Sites HP
Wikipedia, Kofun Map
翻訳／DeepL翻訳
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
Until recently, it was said to be the largest round burial mound in Japan (3) Maruhakayama Kofun!
前回の愛宕塚古墳を過ぎて左手に
古代蓮の池をめぐる「石田堤」を進むと木々の間から巨大な山が現れる。
After passing the previous Atagozuka burial mound, I walked along the Ishida embankment around the ancient lotus pond on my left, and a huge mountain appeared among the trees.
直径105ｍ、高さ18.9ｍで6階建てビルを超える！
With a diameter of 105 meters and a height of 18.9 meters,
it is taller than a six-story building!
そのためか同古墳は豊臣秀吉が天下統一を進める1590年、
家臣の石田三成が忍城を水攻めにする際に墳頂に陣を張ったとのことだ。
Perhaps because of this, in 1590, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi was trying to unify the country, his vassal Ishida Mitsunari set up camp at the top of the mound when he attacked Shinobu Castle with water.
墳丘表面に葺石、円形の１重堀あり。
There is a thatched stone on the surface of the mound and a circular single-layer moat.
埋葬施設は未発掘
Burial facilities have not been excavated.
埴輪は円筒、人物などが出土
Cylinders and figures were excavated.
築造はAC510～540年ごろ（６世紀前半ころ）
Built around 510-540 AC (first half of the 6th century)
さきたま古墳群で最大の円墳
さきたま古墳群で最大の前方後円墳
この時期に、前回ご紹介した愛宕塚古墳や後日ご紹介する
同古墳群最大の二子山古墳（全長138ｍ）が
前方後円墳形で築造されているなかで、
ナゼ日本最大級の円墳でなければならなかったのか謎となっている。
During this period, the Atagozuka burial mound (introduced in the previous article) and the Futagoyama burial mound (138m in length), the largest of the burial mounds in this group, were built in the shape of a forward and backward circle.Why it had to be one of the largest and tallest tombs in Japan is a mystery.
なお「丸墓山」という名の由来については、「麿墓」（まろはか）が訛って「丸墓」になった、
あるいは丸い墳丘からその名が付いたなどの説があるが、
いずれにしても江戸時代の書物に「丸墓山」が登場することから、
当時からすでにその名で知られていたとのことこと。
There are some theories about the origin of the name "Maruhama", such as "Marohaka" becoming "Maruhaka", or the name being derived from the round mound.
さきたま古墳群では
この丸墓山古墳と稲荷山古墳・浅間塚古墳は
登ることができる。
In the Sakitama Kofun Group, it is possible to climb up to the top of the Maru-grave-yama Kofun, Inariyama Kofun, and Asama-zuka Kofun.
余談・・2021年4月現在、日本最大の円墳とされているのが、
奈良市の富雄丸山古墳（4世紀後半）で、直径約110ｍ、高さ15m程度だそうだが、
高さでいうと丸墓山の方がはるかに高い。
As of April 2021, the largest round tomb in Japan is the Tomio Maruyama Tumulus (late 4th century) in Nara City, with a diameter of about 110 meters and a height of about 15 meters, but in terms of height, the Marukyuyama Tumulus is much higher.
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP
ウイキペディア
Reference: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Historic Sites HP
Wikipedia,
翻訳／DeepL翻訳
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
The Atagoyama burial mound is located next to the parking lot, but the neighboring Tenshyoji Temple (the family temple of the Matsudaira family, lords of Shinobu Castle) is larger and more conspicuous, and because it is the smallest of the burial mounds, it is often passed over by many visitors.
とはいえ全長は53ｍある。
Nevertheless, it is 53 meters long.
墳丘はどっちが前でどっちが後ろなのかよくわからないが、
他の前方後円墳と同じく、前方部が南側を向いている。
I am not sure which side of the mound is the front and which side is the back, but the front part of the mound faces south, just like the other anterior-posterior mounds.
墳丘には石仏があるが、かつて愛宕神社（あたごじんじゃ）が
まつられていたことからこの名がついたとのこと。
There is a stone Buddha on the mound, and it is said that Atago Shrine was once enshrined here, which is why the mound was named Atagoyama.
墳形は前と後ろの差があまりない、おとなしめの前方後円墳
The shape of the tomb is a moderate anterior-posterior circle tomb with not much difference between the front and back.
全長53ｍ、後円部直径30ｍ、高さ3.4ｍ、前方部幅30ｍ、高さ3.3ｍ
Total length 53m, diameter of the back part 30m, height 3.4m,
width of the front part 30m, height 3.3m
この古墳も方形の二重の堀に囲まれている
This tomb is also surrounded by a square double moat.
埴輪は墳丘頂上・斜面の２段にあり、武人などの人物埴輪、
大刀・盾・衣傘などの器財埴輪、馬形埴輪や円筒埴輪が出土。
Haniwa (clay figurines) are found on the top of the mound and on the slope of the mound, and include human haniwa (clay figurines of warriors), vessel haniwa (clay figurines of swords, shields, and umbrellas), horse haniwa (clay figurines of horses), and cylindrical haniwa (clay figurines of cylinders).
ただし円筒埴輪は高さ40ｃｍほどで、100ｍ級の大型前方後円墳に
立てられた円筒埴輪に比べ小さい。
However, the height of the cylindric haniwa is about 40cm, which is proportional to the size of the burial mound and smaller than the cylindric haniwa found in the large 100m class anterior hind-cylindrical mound.
築造はAC510～540年ごろ（６世紀前半）
It was built around 510-540 AC (first half of the 6th century).
埋葬施設・墳丘内部は未調査
Burial facilities and the interior of the mound have not yet been surveyed.
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP
ウイキペディア
Reference: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Historic Sites HP
Wikipedia,
翻訳／DeepL翻訳
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
The Sakatama Kofun Tumulus Group in Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture
埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP
まず国の特別史跡「さきたま古墳群」について
First, about the Sakatama Kofun Tumulus Group, a special national historic site
同古墳群は5世紀後半から7世紀初頭にかけて築かれ、
前方後円墳8基、円墳1基並びに小円墳群で構成される。
The burial mounds were constructed from the latter half of the 5th century to the beginning of the 7th century, and consist of eight anterior and posterior circle burial mounds, one round burial mound, and a group of small round burial mounds.
さらに前方後円墳の形態に強い規格性を持ち、
古墳時代の地域の首長層とヤマト政権とのつながりや、
当時の政治的動向、首長墓の展開を追求できるなど、
古墳時代を研究する上で重要な遺跡として高く評価されているとのこと。
In addition, the form of the anterior and posterior round burial mounds is highly standardized, and the group is highly regarded as an important site for research on the Kofun period, as it can be used to study the connection between the local chiefdoms of the Kofun period and the Yamato government, the political trends of the time, and the development of the chief tombs.
私は、さきたま古墳群を見る場合、
「さきたま史跡の博物館」前をスタート地点として一周するので、
最初に目にするきれいに復元された瓦塚古墳から紹介を始めたいと思う。
When I visit the Sakatama Kofun Tumulus Group, I start my tour in front of the Museum of Sakatama Historical Sites, so I would like to start my introduction with the beautifully restored Kawarazuka Kofun Tumulus.
1回目・・瓦塚（かわらづか）古墳
The first one is the Kawarazuka Kofun Tumulus.
この古墳は墳丘の近くまで行くことができ、古墳のかたちや大きさを
間近に見ることができるだけでなく、
正面にベンチや屋根のある食事スペースもある。
You can go close to the mound and see the shape and size of the tomb up close, and there is also a dining area with benches and a roof in front.
古墳名は明治時代、近くに瓦職人が住んでいたことに由来するとのこと。
The name of the tomb comes from the fact that
there was a tile maker living nearby during the Meiji era.
形は後円部の直径より前方部の幅が大きい前方後円墳で
大阪の大仙陵古墳の形を思わせる。
The shape of the tomb is that of a forward and backward circle tomb with the front part being wider than the diameter of the back part.
It is reminiscent of the shape of the Daisenryo tumulus in Osaka.
全長73.4ｍ、後円部直径36.2ｍ、高さ4.8ｍ、前方部幅45ｍ、高さ4.6ｍ
Length 73.4m, diameter of the posterior part 36.2m, height 4.8m,
width of the anterior part 45m, height 4.6m
台形（さきたま古墳群特有）の2重の周堀を持ち、左くびれ部に「造出し」と、
その正面の外堀に通路となるような掘り残した部分（ブリッジ）がある。
It has a trapezoidal (unique to the Sakitama Tumulus Group) double perimeter moat, with an "embankment" in the left neck and a bridge in the outer moat in front of the moat.
埴輪は墳丘や中堤に多くの種類が並べられていた。
Many kinds of Haniwa (clay figurines) were laid out on the mound and the middle bank.
Not only cylindrica haniwa, but also house-shaped haniwa, water fowl haniwa, a man playing a zither, a woman wearing a necklace, a man holding a shield, a man pulling a horse, and a house-shaped haniwa representing a thick column can give us a glimpse of not only housing and clothing of the time, but also funeral rites.
埋葬施設は未調査
Burial facilities have not been investigated.
築造はAC510～560年ごろ（６世紀前半～中ごろ）
Constructed around 510-560 AC (early to mid-6th century)
引用／現地説明版・埼玉県立さきたま史跡の博物館HP
ウイキペディア・古墳マップ
Reference: Local explanation version, Saitama Prefectural Museum of Historic Sites HP
Wikipedia, Kofun Map
翻訳／DeepL翻訳
*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***
A large camphor tree growing on the Tsukazaki Tumulus No. 1 in Kimotsuki-cho, Kimotsuki-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture.
古墳群駐車場から徒歩で5分ほどの林の中に、
天高く生える巨木が見えてくる。
About a five-minute walk from the parking lot of the ancient tomb group, I saw a huge tree growing high in the sky in the forest.
近づくにつれ巨木の根元が異様に盛り上がった小山であることに気づく
As you get closer, you will notice that the base of the tree is a small mountain with an unusual rise.
そう！国指定天然記念物となっているこの「塚崎のクス」は、
国指定史跡の古墳の上に生えているのだ！
Yes! This giant camphor tree, designated as a national natural monument, is growing on top of a burial mound, a national historic site!
あまりの大きさと神秘さに恐れ入ってしまい、自然と手を合わせてしまった。
The sheer size and mysteriousness of the tree made me so afraid that I naturally clapped my hands together.
古墳は日本最南端の前方後円墳を含む
塚崎古墳群（国の史跡・古墳時代前期・中期・後期）の１号墳
The burial mound is the first burial mound in the Tsukazaki burial mound group (national historic site, early, middle, and late Kofun period), which includes Japan's southernmost anterior and posterior round burial mounds.
円墳で直径は15m、高さ3.3ｍ。
It is a circular mound with a diameter of 15 meters and a height of 3.3 meters.
天然記念物の「塚崎のクス」は8階建ての高さ（25ｍ）で、
円墳の上にそびえており、幹廻りは約14mに達する
It is 15 meters in diameter and 3.3 meters high. The ookusu, which is eight stories tall (25 meters), towers above the tomb and its trunk is 14 meters in circumference.
樹齢は1200年～1300年と推測されている。
The tree is estimated to be 1,200 to 1,300 years old.
地元では「根元に大蛇が住む」という言い伝えや、
「戦争が始まる直前に枝が折れる」などの伝説がある。
There is a local legend that a giant snake lives at the base of the tree, and that the branches break off just before war breaks out.
また塚崎大塚神社のご神木とされ、地域の崇敬を受けている。
It is also regarded as the sacred tree of Tsukazaki Otsuka Shrine and is revered by the local community.
現在も樹勢が盛んで樹上にはオオタニワタリをはじめ
多くの植物が着床している。
Even today, the tree is thriving and many plants, including the Otaniwatari, have taken root on the tree.
この古墳とご神木の神秘の一体化した姿を
ぜひ一度見に行ってほしいと思っている。
なおここから約8分ほど歩くと本土最南端の前方後円墳に会える！
I would like you to go and see the mysterious unity of this ancient tomb and sacred tree. If you walk for about 8 minutes from here, you can see the southernmost anterior-posterior tomb on the mainland!
。
