４年生(Eネイティブ)理科
Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 4-A
Matters and Materials
Chapter 1. Materials around us p.121
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固体、液体、気体を区別する実験について。
substanceは「物質」
solid, liquid, gas、それぞれ数えられる名詞。
ACTIVITY: Identifying solids, liquids and gases
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Work in pairs
2. Look at the pictures of the different substances below and decide if they are solids, liquids or gases.
3. Use the table below place a tick in the right column.
「氷」の変化は大いに勉強になります。
高校生以上は分子レベルで英文を考えてみましょう
４年生(Eネイティブ)理科
Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 4-A
Matters and Materials
Chapter 1. Materials around us p.116
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液体のpropertiesを発見する実験と結論です。
INSTRUCTIONS (What you have to do):
1. Work in groups. Each group MUST test a different liquid.
2. Select someone in your group to collect a liquid in a container from the teacher. Each group must also collect another empty container and a saucer from your teacher.
3. Answer these questions while you are studying your liquid.
Write your answers in the table that follows. DO NOT TASTE THE LIQUID!
• How does it smell?
• Can you put your finger through it? • Is your hand dry or wet feeling the liquid?
• Can you soak the liquid up with a cloth?
4. Put a small amount of the liquid in the saucer and leave it for a while in a warm place.
• Was it easy to pour the liquid from one container to another?
• Can the liquid flow or spread out on a saucer?
• How will you describe the shape of the liquid, is it fixed does it take the shape of the container?
• Did the amount of the diｆｆerent liquids remain the same after leaving them in a warm place?
5. WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER HANDLING THE LIQUID
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After doing this activity where we investigated the properties of liquids, we can say that a liquid:
• can flow,
• it has no fixed shape,
• and it takes the shape of the container that it is in.
This is different to a solid.
Remember a solid has a fixed shape and you cannot pour a solid!
勉強になる英語ですね、本当に
内容は知っている、でもそれを正確に読んだり書いたりすることは難しい
こうして本物を読んで吸収しましょう。
この写真には、固体も液体も気体も含まれていますね。(教科書からの引用ではありません)
韓国での研究です。
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use
Abstract （以下、改行を入れています）
This study aimed to examine smartphone use patterns, smartphone addiction characteristics, and the predictive factors of the smartphone addiction in middle school students in South Korea.
According to the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale scores, 563 (30.9%) were classified as a risk group for smartphone addiction and 1261 (69.1%) were identified as a normal user group.
The adolescents used mobile messengers for the longest, followed by Internet surfing, gaming, and social networking service use.
The two groups showed significant differences in smartphone use duration, awareness of game overuse, and purposes of playing games.
The predictive factors of smartphone addiction were daily smartphone and social networking service use duration, and the awareness of game overuse.
Keywords: awareness, game, health, smartphone addiction, social networking service, use duration
キーワード： awarenessは認識、use durationは使用時間
次の単語もよく使われます。
aim を目的とする
pattern パターン
score スコア
group グループ・群 (ここでは group を risk と normal に分けていますね)
factor 要因
この研究の被験者たちが一番時間を費やしていたものは何でしょう？読み取れましたか？
タイトルにA reviewとあるように、すでに発表された論文などの総説ですね。
Potential impacts of changing supply-water quality on drinking water distribution: A review
Abstract
Driven by the development of water purification technologies and water quality regulations, the use of better source water and/or upgraded water treatment processes to improve drinking water quality have become common practices worldwide. However, even though these elements lead to improved water quality, the water quality may be impacted during its distribution through piped networks due to the processes such as pipe material release, biofilm formation and detachment, accumulation and resuspension of loose deposits. Irregular changes in supply-water quality may cause physiochemical and microbiological de-stabilization of pipe material, biofilms and loose deposits in the distribution system that have been established over decades and may harbor components that cause health or esthetical issues (brown water). Even though it is clearly relevant to customers' health (e.g., recent Flint water crisis), until now, switching of supply-water quality is done without any systematic evaluation. This article reviews the contaminants that develop in the water distribution system and their characteristics, as well as the possible transition effects during the switching of treated water quality by destabilization and the release of pipe material and contaminants into the water and the subsequent risks. At the end of this article, a framework is proposed for the evaluation of potential transition effects.
"e.g.,"= 「たとえば」
熱帯、亜熱帯地域などではデング熱は今も子供たちに影響を及ぼしています。
日本ではマイナーな事柄についても、論文はさまざまな実態を教えてくれます。
Clinical Profile of Dengue Fever in Children: A Study from Southern Odisha, India
Abstract
Background. In India, dengue epidemics are becoming more frequent (WHO, 2008). The majority of dengue viral infections are self-limiting, but complications may cause high morbidity and mortality. Objectives. To assess the clinical profile of the dengue infection in children less than 14 years of age and to evaluate the outcomes of dengue fever from September 2013 to August 2015 at the Pediatric Department of Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College, the largest tertiary care hospital of southern Odisha. Results. A total of 97 cases were classified into 84 (86.59%) nonsevere and 13 (13.40%) severe dengue cases. The most common age of presentation was above 11 yrs. The mean age of admission was 8.7 yrs. The most common presenting symptom was fever seen in 100% and hepatomegaly (43.8%), the most common physical finding. Gastrointestinal bleeding was markedly seen in severe dengue (76.9%). Elevation in aspartate transaminase (SGOT) was found in 47.42% and thrombocytopenia in 27.5%. The correlation between hepatomegaly and elevated SGOT was significant ( value 0.0346). Case fatality rate (CFR) was 1.03%. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 3.8 days. Conclusion. In children, if symptoms like fever, pain, rashes, and vomiting are associated with hepatomegaly and elevated SGOT in context of low TPC, a strong possibility of dengue fever is present, especially in an epidemic setting. Early suspicion and effective management can reduce the severity.
内容の区切りに見出しがついていてわかりやすいですね。
下は表１です。
