コストオン契約方式 | 阿波の梟のブログ
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コストオン契約方式

コストオン契約方式のメリット・デメリットと他の発注方式との違い

コストオン契約方式とは？

  • 発注者が一部工事や特定の資材について施工業者や納入先を指定する建築工事の発注方式。
  • 米国ではCM（コンストラクション・マネジメント）方式として主流。

コストオン契約方式の発注の流れ

  1. 専門工事会社や納材業者との直接交渉
  2. 元請建設業者の決定（相見積や入札により）
  3. 建設会社から指定業者への発注
  4. 元請建設会社が工事全体の管理を行い、指定業者が瑕疵担保責任を負う。

一括発注方式との違い

  • 発注者が一部の工事や資材の業者を指定できるため、発注者の意向をより反映しやすい。

分離発注方式との違い

  • 分離発注方式では施主が直接発注し支給するが、コストオン契約方式では元請建設業者が一元管理。

コストオン契約方式のメリット

  1. 発注者の意向を反映しやすくなる

    • 発注者が業者や資材を指定できるため、希望する品質や仕様を実現しやすい。

  2. コストの透明性を担保する

    • 工事項目の明細が明らかになり、コストの透明性が確保される。

  3. 大量発注によるスケールメリット

    • 複数の工事を同時進行でき、大量発注によるスケールメリットが期待される。

  4. 工事管理体制の維持

    • 元請建設会社が一元管理し、発注者の安心感が得られる。

コストオン契約方式のデメリット

  1. 発注者側の負担がアップする

    • 指定業者との交渉や発注に要する時間が増加し、発注者側の負担が増す。

  2. 元請建設会社の受注意欲が下がる傾向

    • 利益率が低下するため、元請建設会社が難色を示すことがある。

  3. 相見積や競争入札が不調に終わる危険性

    • 利益確保のため、入札時の価格競争が慎重になり、コストが上昇する可能性がある。

  4. アフターメンテナンス時の責任区分が曖昧になる

    • 不具合が発生した場合、複数の工事区分にまたがると原因追求が難しくなる。

コストオン契約方式が向いている工事や発注者

  1. チェーンストア等大量出店を計画している事業者

    • 大量発注によるスケールメリットが得られる。

  2. 自社の業務内容が建築工事に関わりがある事業者

    • 自社施工や協力業者を組み入れてコストダウンを図ることが可能。

  3. 設備のメーカー・保守業者が決まっている事業者

    • 長年の信頼関係があり、安心して取引できる業者を指定できる。

コストオン契約方式の注意点

  1. 対象範囲を広げ過ぎない

    • 対象範囲は慎重に検討し、最小限に絞るべき。

  2. 事前に書面でコストオン協定書や覚書を交わすこと

    • トラブルを避けるため、協定書や覚書で条件を明確にする。

  3. 品質確保しつつコストダウンを実現

    • 品質を保ちつつコスト削減を図るために、コンストラクションマネジメントや建築コンサルタントの活用を検討する。

Advantages, Disadvantages, and Differences of Cost-On Contracting: A Comprehensive Guide

What is a Cost-On Contract?

Cost-On Contracting is one of the procurement methods for construction projects where the client specifies certain aspects of the construction work or materials. This article provides a clear explanation of the advantages, disadvantages, and distinctions from other procurement methods for Cost-On Contracts in the field of construction.

Table of Contents

  1. Understanding Cost-On Contract

    • Definition and characteristics of Cost-On Contracting.

  2. Procurement Process for Cost-On Contracts

    • Step-by-step overview of how Cost-On Contracts are initiated and managed.

  3. Differences from Lump Sum Contracting

    • A comparison between Cost-On Contracts and the traditional Lump Sum Contracting method.

  4. Differences from Separated Procurement

    • A comparison between Cost-On Contracts and Separated Procurement methods.

  5. Advantages of Cost-On Contracts

    • Reflecting the client's preferences effectively.
    • Ensuring transparency in costs.
    • Achieving scale benefits through bulk orders.
    • Maintaining effective construction management.

  6. Disadvantages of Cost-On Contracts

    • Increased workload on the client's side.
    • Reduced enthusiasm from main contractors.
    • Risks of unsuccessful competitive bids.
    • Ambiguity in responsibility during post-construction maintenance.

  7. Suitable Projects and Clients for Cost-On Contracts

    • Businesses planning extensive chain store expansions.
    • Companies with involvement in construction-related activities.
    • Businesses with established relationships with equipment manufacturers or maintenance providers.

  8. Considerations for Cost-On Contracts

    • Avoiding over-expansion of the scope.
    • Formalizing agreements through written documents.
    • Balancing quality assurance and cost reduction during implementation.

Understanding Cost-On Contracts

Definition: Cost-On Contracts are a procurement method commonly employed in construction and civil engineering projects. Notable for the client's ability to specify certain aspects of the work, it often involves the client directly negotiating with specialized construction companies or material suppliers. Also known as Construction Management (CM), this approach is widely adopted in the United States.

Procurement Process for Cost-On Contracts

  1. Direct Negotiation with Specialized Contractors and Suppliers

    • The client negotiates directly with specified contractors or material suppliers after the completion of detailed design.

  2. Selection of Main Construction Contractor

    • The client, conditioned on the use of the Cost-On Contract, selects the main construction contractor through processes such as competitive bids.

  3. Issuing Orders to Designated Contractors

    • The main construction contractor issues orders to specified contractors or material suppliers based on pre-determined amounts agreed upon with the client.

  4. Construction Under Main Contractor's Management

    • The main contractor manages construction activities, including scheduling, quality control, and safety. The specified contractors bear responsibility for defects in their designated areas.

Differences from Lump Sum Contracting

Traditionally, lump sum contracts involve the client awarding the entire project to a single main contractor. In contrast, Cost-On Contracts allow the client to specify certain contractors or suppliers, providing more flexibility and reflecting the client's preferences.

Differences from Separated Procurement

Separated procurement involves the client directly procuring and supplying specific elements of the project. Cost-On Contracts differ as the main contractor manages the entire project, and the client only specifies certain aspects. This centralization can enhance project coordination and control.

Advantages of Cost-On Contracts

  1. Effective Reflection of Client's Preferences

    • Clients can specify contractors and materials, allowing for better alignment with their preferences.

  2. Ensuring Transparency in Costs

    • Detailed itemization of costs enhances transparency, providing a clear breakdown of expenses.

  3. Scale Benefits Through Bulk Orders

    • For projects involving multiple concurrent activities, bulk ordering through Cost-On Contracts can lead to scale benefits.

  4. Maintaining Effective Construction Management

    • Centralized management by the main contractor ensures efficient project oversight, including scheduling and quality control.

Disadvantages of Cost-On Contracts

  1. Increased Workload on the Client's Side

    • Direct negotiations and ordering require increased client involvement, leading to additional workload.

  2. Reduced Enthusiasm from Main Contractors

    • Main contractors may show reluctance due to lower profit margins associated with Cost-On Contracts.

  3. Risks of Unsuccessful Competitive Bids

    • Competitive bids may become cautious, potentially leading to higher costs due to reduced competition.

  4. Ambiguity in Responsibility During Post-construction Maintenance

    • Determining responsibility for defects spanning multiple project elements can pose challenges during post-construction maintenance.

Suitable Projects and Clients for Cost-On Contracts

  1. Businesses Planning Extensive Chain Store Expansions

    • Cost-On Contracts provide scale benefits for businesses with numerous similar projects.

  2. Companies Involved in Construction-related Activities

    • Firms with in-house construction capabilities or reliable partners can leverage Cost-On Contracts.

  3. Businesses with Established Relationships with Equipment Manufacturers or Maintenance Providers

    • Existing relationships foster trust and reliability, making specified supplier contracts feasible.

Considerations for Cost-On Contracts

  1. Avoiding Over-expansion of the Scope

    • Limiting the scope of Cost-On Contracts to essential elements prevents dilution of benefits.

  2. Formalizing Agreements Through Written Documents

    • Crafting agreements through written contracts or memoranda helps prevent disputes and clarifies expectations.

  3. Balancing Quality Assurance and Cost Reduction During Implementation

    • Utilizing Construction Management companies or consultants can aid in achieving cost reductions while maintaining quality standards.