薬剤"dostarlimab"単独で直腸がん消滅 のニュース

New York Post

Every cancer patient enters remission after drug trial, study reveals

- - - - - - 

被験者数が18人ながら、直腸がんがすべて消滅したという薬剤開発のニュースです。

A recent drug trial administered to a handful of cancer patients had the surprising result of eliminating (消滅させる) the disease in every participant involved.

The study was conducted on 18 rectal cancer (直腸がん) patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in Manhattan and had a 100 percent success rate, according to a paper published Sunday in the New England Journal of Medicine.

“I believe this is the first time this has happened in the history of cancer,” Dr. Luis A. Diaz Jr, the author of the paper, told the New York Times.

The drug, dostarlimab, was administered (投与する) to each patient every three weeks for six months.

Participants in the study were suffering from rectal cancer and were given alternatives such as chemotherapy or a difficult surgery that could potentially lead to bowel or urinary dysfunction. 

Some patients are required to use a colostomy bag (ストーマ装具) due to treatment, the Times said.

At the conclusion of the drug trial, however, the patients were spared (免れる) the agony of potentially damaging treatment when they showed no evidence of a tumor after receiving an MRI, rectal examination and biopsy.

-----

In addition to not needing further treatment to eradicate (根絶する) the disease, there were no instances of a recurrence of cancer (再発) in the patients during follow-up appointments from six to 25 months after the trial ended.

投薬だけで100％の奏効が得られたということです。

これを上のウェブサイトでは "a 100% success rate" 

別のウェブサイトでは"a 100% complete response rate among its patients"と言っています。

化学療法も手術も避けられるのですね。

正式な論文発表はこちら

PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair–Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer | NEJM

特許クレームをみる14

モノのクレーム

Apparatus and method for preparing ingredients for a baby bottle using a concentrated solution

USP 11040317

"formula"は「式」として使うことが多いですね。chemical formulaなら化学式、structural formulaなら構造式。

「処方」「製法」という意味もあります。

ところで、赤ちゃん用のミルクという意味もあります（主にアメリカ）。

いまアメリカではこのミルクが不足しているとのこと。

How should parents who can't find formula feed their babies? - CBS News

下記はミルク調製用装置についての特許から、クレーム１です。

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for preparing baby formula, comprising: 

a housing having a concentrate solution receptor for receiving and holding a container of liquid concentrate solution; 

a motor attached to the housing, the motor operable for forcing liquid concentrate solution from the container of liquid concentrate solution and into a mixing chamber; 

a pump and a water tank attached to the housing, the pump being in fluid connection with the water tank;

a spray head with a plurality of spray jets for receiving water from the water tank and dispensing water from the spray jets into the mixing chamber; and 

a mixing chamber for receiving the liquid concentrate solution and water, such that when the water and the liquid concentrate solution are introduced into the mixing chamber, the water and liquid concentrate solution mix into a baby formula and are dispensed from an outlet in the mixing chamber; 

a pour centering pin connected within the outlet of the mixing chamber such that as the baby formula is dispensed from the outlet of the mixing chamber, the baby formula passes around the pour centering pin;

and 

wherein the spray head includes a plurality of protrusions and wherein the mixing chamber includes a circumference with a cam-shaped ridge that passes around the circumference of the mixing chamber, such that when the mixing chamber is attached with the spray head, twisting the mixing chamber causes the cam-shaped ridge to engage with the plurality protrusions and push the mixing chamber away from the spray head.

翻訳をチェックされる立場の方には大変に参考になりはず。

WHO -原因不明の急性肝炎-

World Health Organization

Multi-Country – Acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children

- - - - - - 

原因不明の急性肝炎が世界の子どもたちの間で報告されている、とテレビ等で報道されています。

日本でも症例があるようです。早く原因が解明されることを祈ります。

下記はWHOのレポート(抜粋)です。

「原因不明の」は英語ではどのように表現されているでしょう。

各文章の「主語と動詞」をたどりながら目を通してみてください。

Outbreak overview

As of 21 April 2022, at least 169 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin have been reported from 11 countries in the WHO European Region and one country in the WHO Region of the Americas (Figure 1).

Cases have been reported in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the United Kingdom) (114), Spain (13), Israel (12), the United States of America (9), Denmark (6), Ireland (<5), The Netherlands (4), Italy (4), Norway (2), France (2), Romania (1), and Belgium (1).

Cases are aged 1 month to 16 years old.

Seventeen children (approximately 10%) have required liver transplantation; at least one death has been reported.

The clinical syndrome among identified cases is acute hepatitis (liver inflammation) with markedly elevated liver enzymes.

Many cases reported gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting preceding presentation with severe acute hepatitis, and increased levels of liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) greater the 500 IU/L) and jaundice.

Most cases did not have a fever.

The common viruses that cause acute viral hepatitis (hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E) have not been detected in any of these cases.

International travel or links to other countries based on the currently available information have not been identified as factors.

Adenovirus has been detected in at least 74 cases, and of the number of cases with information on molecular testing, 18 have been identified as F type 41.

SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 20 cases of those that were tested.

Furthermore, 19 were detected with a SARS-CoV-2 and adenovirus co-infection.

acute hepatitis　急性肝炎

liver enzymes　肝酵素

adenovirus　アデノウィルス

jaundice　黄疸

Figure 1.

Distribution of cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin by country, as of 23 April 2022.

論文アブストラクト16

チョコレートを美味しくし、製造を簡素化できる添加

　　チョコレートの製造はテンパリングなどを含み複雑です。

　　それを簡素化しつつ、美味しさも損ねない物質とは何だろう。

Tempering of cocoa butter and chocolate using minor lipidic components

ABSTRACT （以下、改行を入れています）（太字が主語）（下線部は that以下の主語、ちょっと長い）

Chocolate manufacture includes a complex tempering procedure to direct the crystallization of cocoa butter towards the formation of fat crystal networks with specific polymorphism, nano- and microstructure, melting behavior, surface gloss and mechanical properties. 

Here we investigate the effects of adding various minor non-triglyceride lipidic components to refined cocoa butter and chocolate on their physical properties. 

We discover that addition of saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine to neutralized and bleached cocoa butter or molten and recrystallized commercial chocolate at 0.1% (w/w) levels, followed by rapid cooling to 20 °C in the absence of shear, accelerates crystallization, stabilizes the desirable Form V polymorph and induces the formation of chocolate with an optimal microstructure, surface gloss and mechanical strength. 

Final chocolate structure and properties are comparable to those of a commercial tempered chocolate.

Minor lipidic component addition represents an effective way to engineer chocolate material properties at different length scales, thus simplifying the entire tempering process.

タイトルやAbstractにある"minor"は「少量の・わずかな」という意味です。

lipidic components = 脂質成分

addは「加えること」です。「添加する」です。名詞は addition = 添加

　　　 

特許クレームをみる14

モノのクレーム

Electrically conductive proppant

USP 11008505

●"proppant プロパント"が何かわからないので下記参照

PROPPANT - 英語辞典でのproppantの定義と同義語 (educalingo.com)

●この特許の主題は導電性固体材料のようですね。この請求項１では単数のparticle（粒子）としてクレームされています

What is claimed is:

1. An electrically conductive proppant particle, comprising: 

a sintered, substantially round and spherical particle having less than about 30% crush at 4,000 psi and a specific gravity of about 3.8 g/cm³ or less; and 

a plurality of conductive particles, 

wherein the sintered, substantially round and spherical particle has one or more pores and at least one of the plurality of conductive particles is disposed within at least one of the one or more pores, 

wherein the at least one of the plurality of conductive particles is mixed with an activator to provide an activator mixture that is infused into the one or more pores, and 

wherein the activator mixture elutes from the one or more pores so that the at least one conductive particle is located at a surface of the electrically conductive proppant particle after the electrically conductive proppant particle has been introduced to a subterranean fracture.

●形容詞 substantially round and sphericalはほぼ球状という意味です。

　substantially（実質的に）が付いていることで形状の範囲が真球より広げられています。

●3種類のparticleが出てきますね。

　an electrically conductive proppant particleと、

　a sintered, substantially round and spherical particleと、

　a plurality of conductive particlesです。

●請求項９も独立項です。

A proppant pack, comprising: a first proppant component comprising a first plurality of sintered, substantially round and spherical particles and a plurality of conductive nanoparticles, wherein...

となっています。

●図１はスラリからの製造工程