転èŒä»¥äž
èŠå¯ã®åœéçµç¹ã§ãããåœéçãªç¯çœªãæçºãããåœéåäºèŠå¯æ©æ§ïŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ïŒ©ïŒ£ïŒ°ïŒ¯ã¯ãå ã ãããã¹ã»ãã€ãã®åœéã¹ãã€çµç¹ãååãšãããããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã®è³éã«ãã£ãŠãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ã«æ¹é ããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ã®åµç«æãè³éæäŸè ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã«çŸå Žãä»»ãããèªããé£é ææ®ãåã£ããµãŒã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããã£ã¯ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®éèæ¥çãæ¯é ããã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµäžæã®äººéã§ãããäžçäžã®å¯è±ªãè³ç£ãé ããã¹ã€ã¹ã®éèçã®ãäžæ žã®ïŒã€ã§ãããã¹ã€ã¹ãŠããªã³éè¡ã®çµå¶äžæã§ãããã
ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äžæã¯ããã®éè¡ã®é åããã«ãã»ãã«ããããã䜿ããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã®ãªãŒãã³ã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ãšããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã®éè¡ã©ã¶ãŒã«ã»ãã¬ãŒã«ã«ãè³éãã貞ãä»ããŠãæ¥ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããšããã®ç±³åœæ¯éšããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒããã®ãäžã£ç«¯ãçŸå ŽèŠå¡ïŒãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã®ãã¹ã®ïŒäººããã®ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã§ãããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãããäŒæ¥ã次ã ã«ä¹ã£åãã倧åžåœãäœãäžããŠããããã®è³éããã©ãããæ¥ãã®ãïŒã倩ããéã£ãŠããã®ãïŒããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããç¥æ Œåããæããã®ã®ãç¡ç¥ã¯ããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããäžçã®ãããã§ãããšã«ã³éãããæããæ¥ãã
äžçäžã®å€§å¯è±ªã®è³éãéãŸãã¹ã€ã¹ãããããæè³å ãæ±ããè³éããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãžãšãã倩äžããããŠæ¥ãããã¹ã®ãã¹ã¯ãããã«å± ãã
ãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äžæã
ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµã¯ãè±åœæ å ±éšã®ãããã§ãããã¹ãã€ã®éŠé ã§ãããã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã©ã€ãã®ããªãŒããŒãœã³ãªãŒãšããéæ¿ãªçä¿¡äž»çŸ©ææ³ãæã€ç§å¯çµç€Ÿã®ãããã ã£ãã®ã ã
ãã¯ã³ã»ã¯ãŒã«ãé°è¬ããã®éŠè¬è ã®çŽ é¡ã
ãããšé¢é£ããŠãããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ãªãŒãæãããŠããæ¥µããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ããããäžåºŠèŠãŠã¿ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¿ãªãããå šäžçã§äºä»¶ãçã¿åºããããããã¯ã³ã»ã¯ãŒã«ãæ¿åºãšãã瀟äŒãç®æããŠããã身åãé«ããå ç¥äŒæ¥ã®éºç£ãç¶ããç«æŽŸãªãã¡ããªãŒã®å¿ãšæèãšå²åŠãæ¯é ããããã®é°è¬ã®éŠè¬è ã·ã§ãªããŒã³ç·çµãšã¯ããã£ããäœè ã ã£ãã®ãããã¹ãã³ããžã¥ããŒããããŒã¶ã³ãããã³ãã³ããžã§ããããããã¢ãªã©ã«äœã¿ãã¢ãã³ãšå¥Žé·ã§ä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ã®å¯ãç¯ãããã¡ããªãŒããŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãããããã¬ããäžæãã·ã¥ã«ã ãã«ã¬ãŒäžæã®ãããªãã¡ããªãŒãå«ããŠãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµã¯ããã®å¿ãšé è³ãæ¯é ããŠããã®ã§ããã
ïŒäžç¥ïŒ
ã·ã§ãªããŒã³ã¯äœããããŸããã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã©ã€ãã®ããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã§ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã©ã³ã¹ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®ã€ãšãºã¹äŒãšåŒ·ãã€ãªãããæã£ãŠãããã€ã®ãªã¹éŠçžãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããããæã£ãŠãã以å€ã«ãããã³ãã³ããã©ãŒãšãã£ããããªã¹ãããã¢ãŒãã³ã»ããŒã«çããããæ±éšãšã¹ã¿ããªãã·ã¥ã¡ã³ãã®è£åãè ãã¡ãã€ã®ãªã¹æ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã®ã¹ãã€ããçµæžåŠè ã«ãªã£ãã¢ãã ã»ã¹ãã¹ããã®åã£ã±ã¡ã§è¥¿åŽçµæžãç Žæ» ããããã«ã»ã¹ãŸã§ãããã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã®æ¯é äžã«ãã£ãããã®ããã«ããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã®ãªãŒããŒã§ãã£ãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã¯ãïŒïŒäžçŽã®ã«ãããµã³ã¹ä»¥éã«äººé¡ã享åããå©çããã¹ãŠç Žå£ããããªã¹ãããæããããããªã¹ãæææ³ãåè¡åœæ²æ³ã«ç€ºãããç€ŸäŒæ¿æ²»ç念ãå人ã®èªç±ãšããæŠå¿µãè£åãã®ã«ãæãåãæ¯ãã£ã人ç©ã§ãã£ããèŠããã«ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã¯ã«ããµã³ã¹ãææªããå¿ã¿å«ããäžè¬å€§è¡ã¯èªåéã®éçŽã«ä»ããçºã«ååšããŠãããšãããç¹æš©ææ³ãåºãä¿¡ããŠãããç£æ¥è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãæã¿ãå°å»ºå¶åºŠãç±çã«æ¯æããŠããã
ããã«ãåçã®ç¶ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãºãã£äŒ¯çµãåµèšãããã³ãã³ã®è±åœåŠå£«é¢ãå身ãšãªã£ãŠãçç«åœéåé¡ç ç©¶æïŒRIIA)ãçãŸããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€äº€åé¡ãæãå€äº€åé¡è©è°äŒïŒCFR)ãããããçãŸãããïŒäžç¥ïŒãã©ã³ã¹é©åœã§ã®ãžã£ã³ãã³å ã®æªè¡ãåãããã«ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ãæã£ãŠããã
ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã
ãé女è»å£ã®åœã¢ãã³ãã§æããã«ãããäžçæå€§ããšãŒãããæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€çµç¹ç¶²ãäœãäžãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã®ïŒä»£ç®åœäž»ãšããã¹ã»ãã©ã³ã»ãã¥ã«ã³ã»ãŠã³ãã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äŸ¯ã¯ããã®äœã¿å®¶ãšãããã€ãã®å°ã§ãïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹ŽïŒïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãæ»äº¡ããã
ãšããã¹ã¯ããã®ç§æå°ã®æ£®æã¯ãã¡ãããå ¬ææã®ãæãäžããæ¬¡ã ãšè²·åããããšããã¹åç¬ã§ãšãŒãããæå€§ã®æ£®æææè ïŒåå°ææè ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã«ãšããã¹ã¯ãããŒã«äŒç€Ÿãéè¡ãäžåç£äŒç€ŸçãïŒïŒäŒæ¥ãæ¯é ãããã€ãåœå ã ãã§ïŒäžïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®åå°ãæµ·å€ã«ïŒäžïœïœã®åå°ãææããŠããã ããã«æ¬§å·åå°ã«æ£ãã°ã£ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæå šäœã®è²¡ç£ã¯ããããšã¯å šãå¥ã«ããã
ãšããã¹ããèªå® ããšããããã€ãã»ã¬ãŒã²ã³ã¹ãã«ã¯è¿éã«ãããšã¡ã©ã åã¯ãéšå±æ°ãïŒïŒïŒå®€ãèŠæš¡ã¯è±åœç宀ã®ãããã³ã¬ã 宮殿ããã¯ããã«å·šå€§ã§ããã è±åœç宀ãšã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã®ãã©ã¡ããå°äœãäžãããããã®äºå®ã¯æç¢ºã«ç€ºããŠããã
ãšããã¹ã®éºèšã¯ã鵿¿æ°å¶åã«ããããšãŒãããåå°ã®éµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã売ãåºãããå Žåã«ã¯ãããããçã£ç«¯ããä¹ã£åãããšèšãå 容ã§ãã£ãããããŠãéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãæ°å¶åãããããæ¿æ²»å®¶ããèªå°ããã鵿¿æ°å¶åã䞻匵ããæ¿æ²»å®¶ãäžæããæ¯æŽãããããã«ããšããå 容ã§ãã£ãã
å šãŠã®åžæ°ã®å°æžããèªç±ã«éå°åºæ¥ããéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãæ¯é ããäºã¯ãäžçæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€æ¥è ãšããã¹ã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ãšããŠã¯ãåœç¶ã®ãããžãã¹ã»ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãã§ãããé»åã¡ãŒã«ãã©ãçšäž»æµã«ãªãããšãçŽç眲åã®èŠæ±ãããããžãã¹å¥çŽæžé¡ã¯ãå°æžã«ããéµéãå¿ èŠãšããŠããããŸããéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã¯éèãšïŒ€ïŒšïŒ¬ã®ãããªç©æµããæå³ããŠããã
æŠäºã«å¿ èŠãªç©è³ã®ç©æµã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§ã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã
æŠäºå±ïŒã¹ãã€æ¥è ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ã®éºèšã®æå³ã¯ãæçœã§ããã
æ¿çã»è²¡çãžã®è«å ±ç¶²ã匵ãå·¡ãããå¿ èŠãšãªãã°äºæ ã«èŠãããæ¿çã»è²¡ç人ãå¹³ç¶ãšæ®ºå®³ããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ã®ãããªããã£ã¢ã®è«å ±ç¶²ã®ãããããããã¯ãå¹³ç¶ãšæ®ºäººãè¡ãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã®ãããªããã£ã¢ã®äººæ®ºãå°éã°ã«ãŒãã«ãšã£ãŠãåãªããããã£ã¢ã®åž³ç°¿ä¿ãã§ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ããã€ã§ãã容æã«æ®ºå®³ãããéŠã®ãããæ¿ãããå¯èœãªéå ·ã«éããªããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã®ãæ°åãå€ããã°ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯ãå šå¡ã容æã«æ®ºå®³ããå°äžããå§¿ãæ¶ãã垳簿ä¿ãã¯ããã®çšåºŠã®ãã®ã§ãããªãã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžãäžåœå€§éžã®éº»è¬è²©å£²ç¶²ãæ¯é ããŠãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ãæŠåŸãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã«ãã£ãŠãäžåœã®ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæãçæ®ºãã«ããã麻è¬è²©å£²ç¶²ã奪åããããããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯çŸåšã«è³ããŸã§ãäœäžã€åæåºæ¥ãŠããªãã
ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãå¯ã圢æãå§ããã®ã¯1489幎ããã§ããã®ãã£ããã¯éµäŸ¿ã§ãããåãã¯ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®ãã¯ã·ããªã¢ã³äžäžã®éµäŸ¿ç©ãç¡æã§å±ããããšã§ããã®åèªãå ±é ¬ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ãéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãè«ãè² ã£ãçç±ã¯ãåãªãåèªãéå²ãã®ããã ãã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã以äžããããã¹ãã«ã¯åžåœã®æ å ±ã¡ãã£ã¢é©åœâè¿ä»£éµäŸ¿å¶åºŠã®èªçãïŒèæ± è¯çèïŒã®æžè©ãªã³ã¯ããæç²åŒçšã
æ¬æžã«ããã°ããã¯ã·ããªã¢ã³äžäžã«ãã£ãŠæŽåããããšãŒãããéµäŸ¿ç¶²ã¯ãããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®ãäžçåžåœå¿åãããããããæ å ±éä¿¡ã¡ãã£ã¢ã ãšãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¯ãã¡ããé»è©±ãç¡ãã£ãåœæãéµäŸ¿ã¯ã»ãšãã©å¯äžã®é éæ å ±ã«ãŒãã§ãããåžåœã®çµ±åã«æ¥µããŠéèŠãªè«å ±å¯Ÿè±¡ã ã£ãããã ãç§ä¿¡ã®éå°ã»æ€é²ãæã®æš©åããã®é倧ãªç¹åãšããŠè«ãè² ããå šãŠã®æ å ±ãæ¡ããäœçœ®ã«ããã®ãéµäŸ¿é§ é·ïŒã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã ã£ãã
1096ïœ1197幎ãäžå€§éšå£«å£ããã³ãã«éšå£«å£ãèãšããéšå£«å£ïŒâãã«ã¿éšå£«å£ïŒããã€ãéšå£«å£
ã»èå°ã®å®è·ã巡瀌è ã®ä¿è·ãç®çã«çµæãããéšå£«å£ã¯ãã©ãã©ãå ¥å£è ãå¢ããããšãŒããããšèå°ã€ã§ã«ãµã¬ã ãã€ãªãã巡瀌é åãã«ãããŠãäžå€§å¢åã«çºå±ããŠè¡ããäžã§ããå°äžæµ·ã®å¶æµ·æš©ãç¬å ããç¬èªã®è¹è¶ãä¿æããŠãããã³ãã«éšå£«å£ã¯ãäžæ±ãžå µå¡ã茞éããã°ãããã巡瀌è ãéãåã£ãŠèŒžéããã®åž°éã«ã¯éŠæãã·ã«ã¯ãªã©ã®äžæ±ã®ç©ç£ãç©èŒããŠãšãŒãããã§å£²ããã°ãããšã§ãè«å€§ãªå¯ãåŸãããŸãããã®è²¡ãå æã«æåœ¢ååŒãéè¡æ¥åãªã©éèã«ãæãåºããŠè¡ãã
ã»ãã³ãã«éšå£«å£ã®å¢åæ¡å€§ãèŠããã©ã³ã¹çãã1307幎財ç£ãšéèã·ã¹ãã ãæäžã«åããã¹ã匟å§ã匷è¡ãããéšå£«å£ã®äžéšã¯åŒŸå§ãäºæž¬ããè¹å£ã«ç§»ããŠãããå¯ã§äº€æãç¶ããæµ·è³è¡çºã«ãæãæããããããŠäº€æã«ãŒã確ä¿ã®ãããæž¯ã ã«ããããžãïŒéäŒæã»æ¯éšïŒãæ§ç¯ããŠããïŒâããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ãžïŒããããžã§ã¯ä¿éºæ¥åãè¡ãããŠããã仿¥ã®éèã»ä¿éºæ¥ã®æºæµãšãªãã
ã»ããªã¹ãæäžçã§ã¯äžå¿å¢åã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã€ã人ãä¿è·ããç®çã§ããã€ãéšå£«å£ã¯èšç«ãããããããããã³ãã«ããã«ã¿éšå£«å£ã«ã€ã§ã«ãµã¬ã ã®å©æš©ãã»ãšãã©å¥ªãããååšæçŸ©ã倱ããããã«ãããŒã©ã³ã貎æãé åãšåŒãæãã«ææŽãèŠè«ããŠããããããã€ãéšå£«å£ã¯ããã€ã»ã³ã«ç§»äœã1283幎ããã€ã»ã³ïŒçŸåšã®ããŒã©ã³ãïŒã«ããã€ãéšå£«å£ãåœå®¶ãèšç«ããããã®ãã€ãéšå£«å£ããåŸã®ããã¹èŠªè¡éã®ã¢ãã«ãšãªã£ãã
1100幎以éãåã€ã¿ãªã¢ã§éœåžå ±ååœã®èªç
ã»ååè»é åŸããæå€§ã®å©çãåŒãåºããŠããåã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®è«žéœåžããç¬ç«ã®éœåžå ±ååœã圢æã
ã»12äžçŽã«ã¯ãåã€ã¿ãªã¢ããã¹ã€ã¹ã®åæ¥éœåžãããã©ããäžå¿ãšãããã³ãã«ãã£ã¢åçãçµã¶ããã®åŸããã³ãã«ãã£ã¢å°æ¹ã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢éèå®¶ããã³ãã³ã®ã·ãã£ãŒã«é²åºããŠè¡ã£ãããŽã§ããã¢ã¯ããšããšå©åã®ååŸãçŠæ¢ããŠãããã14äžçŽã«ã¯è§£çŠãåœééèéœåžãšããŠæ¥éã«çºå±ããã
1200幎ååŸãã¹ã€ã¹ã§éœåžåœå®¶æç«
ã»çŽå åãããšãŒãããå šåãæ¯é ããŠããããŒãåžåœãç¥å¥ªåã³äº€æã«ããèç©ããè«å€§ãªè²¡ã¯ãæ¬¡ã®æ¯é è ã§ããç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒçŸåšã®ãã€ããäžå¿ãšããé åãæ¯é ïŒã«åãç¶ãããŠãã£ãã
ã»962å¹Žã«æç«ããç¥èããŒãåžåœã®çåžã«ããçµ¶å€§ãªæš©åã«ããæ¯é ã¯ãéšäžã§ãã貎æéã«å€§ããªäžæºãããããã貎æéã¯ç°æ°æãããã®ãããæŠäºãåŒãèµ·ããããçžæ¬¡ãæŠäºã«ããå€é¡ã®åéãèè² ãããšã«ãªã£ãçåžã¯ãæ ä¿ãšããŠããé åã貎æéã«å¥ªãããŠãããããããŠãçåžã®æš©éãåã°ãªãåå°ã貎æéã®ãã®ãšãªããéœåžåœå®¶ãšããŠç¬ç«ããŠè¡ãã
ã»1200幎ååŸã«ãªããšãã¹ã€ã¹ã¯ç²Ÿå¯æ©æ¢°å·¥æ¥ãå µåšç£æ¥ãäžå¿ã«çºå±ããŠããããããã«ãšãŒãããäžã§åæ¥ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãæ§ç¯ããéšå£«å£ããŽã§ããã¢ã§å¯ãèããéèå®¶ãéèæè¡ãšå ±ã«ç§»äœããŠãããçåžã«åéãã貎æéã¯ãå µåšãšç£æ¥ãšéèãæã£ãŠããã¹ã€ã¹ã«çµéããåœå®¶ãçµæããŠããããããçŸä»£ãŸã§ç¶ãéèåœå®¶ã¹ã€ã¹ã®èµ·æºã§ããããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããã圌ã貎æã®ã䜿ãèµ°ããã«éããªãã
ã
1273幎ãããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãç¥èããŒãåžåœçåžã«å³äœ
ã»ã¹ã€ã¹åºèº«ã®è²Žæã»ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãåããŠç¥èããŒãåžåœçåžã«å³äœãã1438幎以éãçåžäœãç¬å ããããã«ãªãã
ã»ãã®ç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ïŒæ¯é ã®äžã§ã3ã€ã®äžæãå¢åãæ¡å€§ããŠãããè«å ±é¢ãæ åœããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãè»äºé¢ã§ã¯ãµãŽã©ã€äžæãïŒè²¡æ¿é¢ã§ã¯ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæïŒã§ããã
1360幎ãããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³çµæïŒã€ã®ãªã¹ïŒ
ã»ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ç³å·¥è·äººéããèªåãã¡ã®æš©å©ã»æè¡ã»ç¥èãä»ã®è·äººã«æž¡ããªãããã«ãããžã§æå·ã䜿çšããç§å¯çµç€ŸãçµæããããããããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã®ååãšèšãããã
1514幎ïœ1517幎ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªå 眪笊販売â1517ïœ1536幎ã宿æ¹é©ïŒãã€ãã»ã¹ã€ã¹ïŒ
ã»ãŽã§ããã¢ãšã®äº€æã§å¯ãèããããã¬ãŒå®¶ããããŒãæçåºã«é£ã蟌ã¿ãããŒãïŒã«ããªãã¯æäŒã«å€é¡ã®éã貞ãä»ããŠãããåéã§éŠãåããªããªã£ãããŒãæçåºã¯ãå 眪笊ã®è²©å£²ã決æããã®è²©å£²ãããã¬ãŒå®¶ã«äŸé Œãããããã¬ãŒå®¶ã¯å 眪笊販売åã³ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãžã®è²žä»ã«ãã£ãŠããã®è²¡ç£ãæ¡å€§ãããŠè¡ãããã®å 眪笊販売ã®äžå¿å°åã ã£ããã€ãæ°è¡ã®åæã匷ãŸãããã®åçºãèæ¯ã«ã«ã¿ãŒã«ãã宿æ¹é©ãå§ãŸãïŒâãããã¹ã¿ã³ãïŒã
1618幎ïœ1648幎ã30幎æŠäº
ã»16äžçŽä»¥éããšãŒãããã«ãããèŠæš©ã確ç«ããããšããããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãšããã黿¢ããããšããå¢åã®éã§ã®æŠäºãç¶ãããã®éãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãæŠäºããïŒã€ã®å¢åã«éãããè«å ±æŽ»åãå売ãšããŠè¡ãããŸããã¹ã€ã¹ãšãµãŽã©ã€äžæã¯äž¡æ¹ã«åå µã貞ãä»ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯äž¡æ¹ã®å¢åã«è³éã貞ãä»ããéãå²ããŠããã
ã»å ã ããã€ãã§ç䟯貎æãæ±ãã®éåªåž«ãšããŠãäºèšã®çäžçãé«ããšå€§äººæ°ã§ãã£ããå ãåž«ãããã¥ã«ã³ã»ãŠã³ãã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã§ãã£ããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã¯ã1489幎ã«ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ã®éµäŸ¿ç©é éãå°å±ã§è«ãè² ãããã®åŸã貎æãèè·è«žäŸ¯ãå€äº€å®ãå人ã®éä¿¡ãæ±ãç¹æš©ãåŸãŠããããã®ãšãŒãããå šäœã«åºãã£ããããã¯ãŒã¯ãé§äœ¿ããæ å ±ãæã«å ¥ããŠããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãäºèšãçäžãããããšã¯ç°¡åã§ãã£ãã17äžçŽã«ã¯ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãšãŒãããäžãæ å ±é¢ã§çµ±äžããŠããããšãŒãããååœã®çã»è²Žæã«ãã¡ãŒãã«ãkgãšãã£ã枬éåäœãçµ±äžãããã
ã»17äžçŽç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒããã¹ãã«ã°åžåœïŒã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã å¢åïŒãã«ã³è»ããæ¿ããæ»æãåããŠãããéŠéœãŠã£ãŒã³ãå å²ãããåœå®¶å亡ã®å±æ©ã«ç«ããããããã®æãããã¹ãã«ã°åžåœã®ç·ææ®å®ãšããŠãã«ã³è»ãæç ŽãããšãŒããããã€ã¹ã©ã å¢åããå®ãæããè»äººããµãŽã©ã€ã§ãã£ãã
ã»19äžçŽé ãããéä¿¡ã¯ç¹å®ã®äžæã«å§ããäºæ¥ã§ã¯ãªããšéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãåœå¶åããåããæŽ»çºåãããããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯éµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã次ã ãšå£²åŽããå·šé¡ã®å¯ãåŸããäžçæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€çµç¹ã®é ç¹ã«åèšããè«å€§ãªè³ç£ãæããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãçŸä»£ã§ãåœäž»åç¬ã§ãšãŒãããæå€§ã®åå°ææè ã§ããããã€50以äžã®äŒæ¥ãæ¯é ããŠãããåœäž»ããèªå® ããšãããã€ãã®ãšã¡ã©ã åã¯è±åœç宀ã®ãããã³ã¬ã 宮殿ããã巚倧ã§ãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãå šç£æ¥ãæ¯é ããã¢ãã³ã«ã¯äžçäžããæ£ç¢ºãªæ å ±ãéãŸããããäžçäžã®å€§å¯è±ªããéãéãŸããäžå€§éèåœå®¶ãšãªã£ãããŸã圌ãã®æ¬æ å°ã¯ããã«ã®ãŒã®ããªã¥ãã»ã«ã«ãããæ¬éšãããªã¥ãã»ã«ã«çœ®ãããŠããçç±ã¯ããã«ããã
ã»ãã®åŸããµãŽã©ã€äžæã®ååã¯æŽå²ã®è¡šèå°ããå§¿ãæ¶ãããæŽå²ããæ¶ãå»ã£ãèš³ã§ã¯ãªãããµãŽã©ã€ã¯ã麻è¬ã»ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿ã£ããã€ã³ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã«ãã人éãå»äººãšåããäœã§ãèšãããšãèããããã人éã䜿ãããã»ææ®ºãäŒãŠãééå£ãšããŠçŸåšã掻èºããŠãããè±åœç宀ã«åæãç¿»ããå è±åœç倪ååŠãã€ã¢ãã®ææ®ºãå®è¡ããã®ããã€ã³ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããµãŽã©ã€ã®äžåã§ãã£ãã
ã»ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯ããã®åŸãæŠäºè³éãåœå®¶ã«è²žãä»ããæŠäºã§è«å€§ãªå©çãäžãç¶ãããåŸã«éè¡å®¶ãšããŠäžççã«æåã«ãªããçŸåšã§ãæŽå²ã®è¡šèå°ã«ç«ã¡ç¶ããŠããã
èŠå¯ã®åœéçµç¹ã§ãããåœéçãªç¯çœªãæçºãããåœéåäºèŠå¯æ©æ§ïŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ïŒ©ïŒ£ïŒ°ïŒ¯ã¯ãå ã ãããã¹ã»ãã€ãã®åœéã¹ãã€çµç¹ãååãšãããããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã®è³éã«ãã£ãŠãç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ã«æ¹é ããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããŒã«ã®åµç«æãè³éæäŸè ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã«çŸå Žãä»»ãããèªããé£é ææ®ãåã£ããµãŒã»ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããã£ã¯ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®éèæ¥çãæ¯é ããã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµäžæã®äººéã§ãããäžçäžã®å¯è±ªãè³ç£ãé ããã¹ã€ã¹ã®éèçã®ãäžæ žã®ïŒã€ã§ãããã¹ã€ã¹ãŠããªã³éè¡ã®çµå¶äžæã§ãããã
ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äžæã¯ããã®éè¡ã®é åããã«ãã»ãã«ããããã䜿ããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã®ãªãŒãã³ã»ãã©ã¶ãŒã¹ãšããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã®éè¡ã©ã¶ãŒã«ã»ãã¬ãŒã«ã«ãè³éãã貞ãä»ããŠãæ¥ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããšããã®ç±³åœæ¯éšããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒããã®ãäžã£ç«¯ãçŸå ŽèŠå¡ïŒãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã®ãã¹ã®ïŒäººããã®ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã§ãããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãããäŒæ¥ã次ã ã«ä¹ã£åãã倧åžåœãäœãäžããŠããããã®è³éããã©ãããæ¥ãã®ãïŒã倩ããéã£ãŠããã®ãïŒããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããç¥æ Œåããæããã®ã®ãç¡ç¥ã¯ããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããäžçã®ãããã§ãããšã«ã³éãããæããæ¥ãã
äžçäžã®å€§å¯è±ªã®è³éãéãŸãã¹ã€ã¹ãããããæè³å ãæ±ããè³éããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒãžãšãã倩äžããããŠæ¥ãããã¹ã®ãã¹ã¯ãããã«å± ãã
ãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äžæã
ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµã¯ãè±åœæ å ±éšã®ãããã§ãããã¹ãã€ã®éŠé ã§ãããã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã©ã€ãã®ããªãŒããŒãœã³ãªãŒãšããéæ¿ãªçä¿¡äž»çŸ©ææ³ãæã€ç§å¯çµç€Ÿã®ãããã ã£ãã®ã ã
ãã¯ã³ã»ã¯ãŒã«ãé°è¬ããã®éŠè¬è ã®çŽ é¡ã
ãããšé¢é£ããŠãããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ãªãŒãæãããŠããæ¥µããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ããããäžåºŠèŠãŠã¿ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¿ãªãããå šäžçã§äºä»¶ãçã¿åºããããããã¯ã³ã»ã¯ãŒã«ãæ¿åºãšãã瀟äŒãç®æããŠããã身åãé«ããå ç¥äŒæ¥ã®éºç£ãç¶ããç«æŽŸãªãã¡ããªãŒã®å¿ãšæèãšå²åŠãæ¯é ããããã®é°è¬ã®éŠè¬è ã·ã§ãªããŒã³ç·çµãšã¯ããã£ããäœè ã ã£ãã®ãããã¹ãã³ããžã¥ããŒããããŒã¶ã³ãããã³ãã³ããžã§ããããããã¢ãªã©ã«äœã¿ãã¢ãã³ãšå¥Žé·ã§ä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ã®å¯ãç¯ãããã¡ããªãŒããŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãããããã¬ããäžæãã·ã¥ã«ã ãã«ã¬ãŒäžæã®ãããªãã¡ããªãŒãå«ããŠãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³äŒ¯çµã¯ããã®å¿ãšé è³ãæ¯é ããŠããã®ã§ããã
ïŒäžç¥ïŒ
ã·ã§ãªããŒã³ã¯äœããããŸããã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ã»ã©ã€ãã®ããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã§ãããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã©ã³ã¹ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®ã€ãšãºã¹äŒãšåŒ·ãã€ãªãããæã£ãŠãããã€ã®ãªã¹éŠçžãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããããæã£ãŠãã以å€ã«ãããã³ãã³ããã©ãŒãšãã£ããããªã¹ãããã¢ãŒãã³ã»ããŒã«çããããæ±éšãšã¹ã¿ããªãã·ã¥ã¡ã³ãã®è£åãè ãã¡ãã€ã®ãªã¹æ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã®ã¹ãã€ããçµæžåŠè ã«ãªã£ãã¢ãã ã»ã¹ãã¹ããã®åã£ã±ã¡ã§è¥¿åŽçµæžãç Žæ» ããããã«ã»ã¹ãŸã§ãããã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã®æ¯é äžã«ãã£ãããã®ããã«ããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã®ãªãŒããŒã§ãã£ãã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã¯ãïŒïŒäžçŽã®ã«ãããµã³ã¹ä»¥éã«äººé¡ã享åããå©çããã¹ãŠç Žå£ããããªã¹ãããæããããããªã¹ãæææ³ãåè¡åœæ²æ³ã«ç€ºãããç€ŸäŒæ¿æ²»ç念ãå人ã®èªç±ãšããæŠå¿µãè£åãã®ã«ãæãåãæ¯ãã£ã人ç©ã§ãã£ããèŠããã«ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ã¯ã«ããµã³ã¹ãææªããå¿ã¿å«ããäžè¬å€§è¡ã¯èªåéã®éçŽã«ä»ããçºã«ååšããŠãããšãããç¹æš©ææ³ãåºãä¿¡ããŠãããç£æ¥è³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãæã¿ãå°å»ºå¶åºŠãç±çã«æ¯æããŠããã
ããã«ãåçã®ç¶ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãºãã£äŒ¯çµãåµèšãããã³ãã³ã®è±åœåŠå£«é¢ãå身ãšãªã£ãŠãçç«åœéåé¡ç ç©¶æïŒRIIA)ãçãŸããããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€äº€åé¡ãæãå€äº€åé¡è©è°äŒïŒCFR)ãããããçãŸãããïŒäžç¥ïŒãã©ã³ã¹é©åœã§ã®ãžã£ã³ãã³å ã®æªè¡ãåãããã«ã·ã§ã«ããŒã³ãæã£ãŠããã
ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã
ãé女è»å£ã®åœã¢ãã³ãã§æããã«ãããäžçæå€§ããšãŒãããæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€çµç¹ç¶²ãäœãäžãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã®ïŒä»£ç®åœäž»ãšããã¹ã»ãã©ã³ã»ãã¥ã«ã³ã»ãŠã³ãã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äŸ¯ã¯ããã®äœã¿å®¶ãšãããã€ãã®å°ã§ãïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹ŽïŒïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãæ»äº¡ããã
ãšããã¹ã¯ããã®ç§æå°ã®æ£®æã¯ãã¡ãããå ¬ææã®ãæãäžããæ¬¡ã ãšè²·åããããšããã¹åç¬ã§ãšãŒãããæå€§ã®æ£®æææè ïŒåå°ææè ãšãªã£ãŠããããããã«ãšããã¹ã¯ãããŒã«äŒç€Ÿãéè¡ãäžåç£äŒç€ŸçãïŒïŒäŒæ¥ãæ¯é ãããã€ãåœå ã ãã§ïŒäžïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®åå°ãæµ·å€ã«ïŒäžïœïœã®åå°ãææããŠããã ããã«æ¬§å·åå°ã«æ£ãã°ã£ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæå šäœã®è²¡ç£ã¯ããããšã¯å šãå¥ã«ããã
ãšããã¹ããèªå® ããšããããã€ãã»ã¬ãŒã²ã³ã¹ãã«ã¯è¿éã«ãããšã¡ã©ã åã¯ãéšå±æ°ãïŒïŒïŒå®€ãèŠæš¡ã¯è±åœç宀ã®ãããã³ã¬ã 宮殿ããã¯ããã«å·šå€§ã§ããã è±åœç宀ãšã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã®ãã©ã¡ããå°äœãäžãããããã®äºå®ã¯æç¢ºã«ç€ºããŠããã
ãšããã¹ã®éºèšã¯ã鵿¿æ°å¶åã«ããããšãŒãããåå°ã®éµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã売ãåºãããå Žåã«ã¯ãããããçã£ç«¯ããä¹ã£åãããšèšãå 容ã§ãã£ãããããŠãéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãæ°å¶åãããããæ¿æ²»å®¶ããèªå°ããã鵿¿æ°å¶åã䞻匵ããæ¿æ²»å®¶ãäžæããæ¯æŽãããããã«ããšããå 容ã§ãã£ãã
å šãŠã®åžæ°ã®å°æžããèªç±ã«éå°åºæ¥ããéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãæ¯é ããäºã¯ãäžçæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€æ¥è ãšããã¹ã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ãšããŠã¯ãåœç¶ã®ãããžãã¹ã»ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãã§ãããé»åã¡ãŒã«ãã©ãçšäž»æµã«ãªãããšãçŽç眲åã®èŠæ±ãããããžãã¹å¥çŽæžé¡ã¯ãå°æžã«ããéµéãå¿ èŠãšããŠããããŸããéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã¯éèãšïŒ€ïŒšïŒ¬ã®ãããªç©æµããæå³ããŠããã
æŠäºã«å¿ èŠãªç©è³ã®ç©æµã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã§ã¯äžå¯èœã§ããã
æŠäºå±ïŒã¹ãã€æ¥è ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ã®éºèšã®æå³ã¯ãæçœã§ããã
æ¿çã»è²¡çãžã®è«å ±ç¶²ã匵ãå·¡ãããå¿ èŠãšãªãã°äºæ ã«èŠãããæ¿çã»è²¡ç人ãå¹³ç¶ãšæ®ºå®³ããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ã®ãããªããã£ã¢ã®è«å ±ç¶²ã®ãããããããã¯ãå¹³ç¶ãšæ®ºäººãè¡ãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã®ãããªããã£ã¢ã®äººæ®ºãå°éã°ã«ãŒãã«ãšã£ãŠãåãªããããã£ã¢ã®åž³ç°¿ä¿ãã§ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ããã€ã§ãã容æã«æ®ºå®³ãããéŠã®ãããæ¿ãããå¯èœãªéå ·ã«éããªããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹ãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã®ãæ°åãå€ããã°ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯ãå šå¡ã容æã«æ®ºå®³ããå°äžããå§¿ãæ¶ãã垳簿ä¿ãã¯ããã®çšåºŠã®ãã®ã§ãããªãã
ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠäžãäžåœå€§éžã®éº»è¬è²©å£²ç¶²ãæ¯é ããŠãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯ãæŠåŸãã¢ã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°ã«ãã£ãŠãäžåœã®ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæãçæ®ºãã«ããã麻è¬è²©å£²ç¶²ã奪åããããããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãã¯çŸåšã«è³ããŸã§ãäœäžã€åæåºæ¥ãŠããªãã
ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãå¯ã圢æãå§ããã®ã¯1489幎ããã§ããã®ãã£ããã¯éµäŸ¿ã§ãããåãã¯ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®ãã¯ã·ããªã¢ã³äžäžã®éµäŸ¿ç©ãç¡æã§å±ããããšã§ããã®åèªãå ±é ¬ã®ãããªãã®ã§ãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ãéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãè«ãè² ã£ãçç±ã¯ãåãªãåèªãéå²ãã®ããã ãã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã以äžããããã¹ãã«ã¯åžåœã®æ å ±ã¡ãã£ã¢é©åœâè¿ä»£éµäŸ¿å¶åºŠã®èªçãïŒèæ± è¯çèïŒã®æžè©ãªã³ã¯ããæç²åŒçšã
æ¬æžã«ããã°ããã¯ã·ããªã¢ã³äžäžã«ãã£ãŠæŽåããããšãŒãããéµäŸ¿ç¶²ã¯ãããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®ãäžçåžåœå¿åãããããããæ å ±éä¿¡ã¡ãã£ã¢ã ãšãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã¯ãã¡ããé»è©±ãç¡ãã£ãåœæãéµäŸ¿ã¯ã»ãšãã©å¯äžã®é éæ å ±ã«ãŒãã§ãããåžåœã®çµ±åã«æ¥µããŠéèŠãªè«å ±å¯Ÿè±¡ã ã£ãããã ãç§ä¿¡ã®éå°ã»æ€é²ãæã®æš©åããã®é倧ãªç¹åãšããŠè«ãè² ããå šãŠã®æ å ±ãæ¡ããäœçœ®ã«ããã®ãéµäŸ¿é§ é·ïŒã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã ã£ãã
1096ïœ1197幎ãäžå€§éšå£«å£ããã³ãã«éšå£«å£ãèãšããéšå£«å£ïŒâãã«ã¿éšå£«å£ïŒããã€ãéšå£«å£
ã»èå°ã®å®è·ã巡瀌è ã®ä¿è·ãç®çã«çµæãããéšå£«å£ã¯ãã©ãã©ãå ¥å£è ãå¢ããããšãŒããããšèå°ã€ã§ã«ãµã¬ã ãã€ãªãã巡瀌é åãã«ãããŠãäžå€§å¢åã«çºå±ããŠè¡ããäžã§ããå°äžæµ·ã®å¶æµ·æš©ãç¬å ããç¬èªã®è¹è¶ãä¿æããŠãããã³ãã«éšå£«å£ã¯ãäžæ±ãžå µå¡ã茞éããã°ãããã巡瀌è ãéãåã£ãŠèŒžéããã®åž°éã«ã¯éŠæãã·ã«ã¯ãªã©ã®äžæ±ã®ç©ç£ãç©èŒããŠãšãŒãããã§å£²ããã°ãããšã§ãè«å€§ãªå¯ãåŸãããŸãããã®è²¡ãå æã«æåœ¢ååŒãéè¡æ¥åãªã©éèã«ãæãåºããŠè¡ãã
ã»ãã³ãã«éšå£«å£ã®å¢åæ¡å€§ãèŠããã©ã³ã¹çãã1307幎財ç£ãšéèã·ã¹ãã ãæäžã«åããã¹ã匟å§ã匷è¡ãããéšå£«å£ã®äžéšã¯åŒŸå§ãäºæž¬ããè¹å£ã«ç§»ããŠãããå¯ã§äº€æãç¶ããæµ·è³è¡çºã«ãæãæããããããŠäº€æã«ãŒã確ä¿ã®ãããæž¯ã ã«ããããžãïŒéäŒæã»æ¯éšïŒãæ§ç¯ããŠããïŒâããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ãžïŒããããžã§ã¯ä¿éºæ¥åãè¡ãããŠããã仿¥ã®éèã»ä¿éºæ¥ã®æºæµãšãªãã
ã»ããªã¹ãæäžçã§ã¯äžå¿å¢åã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã€ã人ãä¿è·ããç®çã§ããã€ãéšå£«å£ã¯èšç«ãããããããããã³ãã«ããã«ã¿éšå£«å£ã«ã€ã§ã«ãµã¬ã ã®å©æš©ãã»ãšãã©å¥ªãããååšæçŸ©ã倱ããããã«ãããŒã©ã³ã貎æãé åãšåŒãæãã«ææŽãèŠè«ããŠããããããã€ãéšå£«å£ã¯ããã€ã»ã³ã«ç§»äœã1283幎ããã€ã»ã³ïŒçŸåšã®ããŒã©ã³ãïŒã«ããã€ãéšå£«å£ãåœå®¶ãèšç«ããããã®ãã€ãéšå£«å£ããåŸã®ããã¹èŠªè¡éã®ã¢ãã«ãšãªã£ãã
1100幎以éãåã€ã¿ãªã¢ã§éœåžå ±ååœã®èªç
ã»ååè»é åŸããæå€§ã®å©çãåŒãåºããŠããåã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®è«žéœåžããç¬ç«ã®éœåžå ±ååœã圢æã
ã»12äžçŽã«ã¯ãåã€ã¿ãªã¢ããã¹ã€ã¹ã®åæ¥éœåžãããã©ããäžå¿ãšãããã³ãã«ãã£ã¢åçãçµã¶ããã®åŸããã³ãã«ãã£ã¢å°æ¹ã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢éèå®¶ããã³ãã³ã®ã·ãã£ãŒã«é²åºããŠè¡ã£ãããŽã§ããã¢ã¯ããšããšå©åã®ååŸãçŠæ¢ããŠãããã14äžçŽã«ã¯è§£çŠãåœééèéœåžãšããŠæ¥éã«çºå±ããã
1200幎ååŸãã¹ã€ã¹ã§éœåžåœå®¶æç«
ã»çŽå åãããšãŒãããå šåãæ¯é ããŠããããŒãåžåœãç¥å¥ªåã³äº€æã«ããèç©ããè«å€§ãªè²¡ã¯ãæ¬¡ã®æ¯é è ã§ããç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒçŸåšã®ãã€ããäžå¿ãšããé åãæ¯é ïŒã«åãç¶ãããŠãã£ãã
ã»962å¹Žã«æç«ããç¥èããŒãåžåœã®çåžã«ããçµ¶å€§ãªæš©åã«ããæ¯é ã¯ãéšäžã§ãã貎æéã«å€§ããªäžæºãããããã貎æéã¯ç°æ°æãããã®ãããæŠäºãåŒãèµ·ããããçžæ¬¡ãæŠäºã«ããå€é¡ã®åéãèè² ãããšã«ãªã£ãçåžã¯ãæ ä¿ãšããŠããé åã貎æéã«å¥ªãããŠãããããããŠãçåžã®æš©éãåã°ãªãåå°ã貎æéã®ãã®ãšãªããéœåžåœå®¶ãšããŠç¬ç«ããŠè¡ãã
ã»1200幎ååŸã«ãªããšãã¹ã€ã¹ã¯ç²Ÿå¯æ©æ¢°å·¥æ¥ãå µåšç£æ¥ãäžå¿ã«çºå±ããŠããããããã«ãšãŒãããäžã§åæ¥ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãæ§ç¯ããéšå£«å£ããŽã§ããã¢ã§å¯ãèããéèå®¶ãéèæè¡ãšå ±ã«ç§»äœããŠãããçåžã«åéãã貎æéã¯ãå µåšãšç£æ¥ãšéèãæã£ãŠããã¹ã€ã¹ã«çµéããåœå®¶ãçµæããŠããããããçŸä»£ãŸã§ç¶ãéèåœå®¶ã¹ã€ã¹ã®èµ·æºã§ããããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ããã圌ã貎æã®ã䜿ãèµ°ããã«éããªãã
ã
1273幎ãããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãç¥èããŒãåžåœçåžã«å³äœ
ã»ã¹ã€ã¹åºèº«ã®è²Žæã»ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãåããŠç¥èããŒãåžåœçåžã«å³äœãã1438幎以éãçåžäœãç¬å ããããã«ãªãã
ã»ãã®ç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ïŒæ¯é ã®äžã§ã3ã€ã®äžæãå¢åãæ¡å€§ããŠãããè«å ±é¢ãæ åœããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãè»äºé¢ã§ã¯ãµãŽã©ã€äžæãïŒè²¡æ¿é¢ã§ã¯ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæïŒã§ããã
1360幎ãããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³çµæïŒã€ã®ãªã¹ïŒ
ã»ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ç³å·¥è·äººéããèªåãã¡ã®æš©å©ã»æè¡ã»ç¥èãä»ã®è·äººã«æž¡ããªãããã«ãããžã§æå·ã䜿çšããç§å¯çµç€ŸãçµæããããããããªãŒã¡ãŒãœã³ã®ååãšèšãããã
1514幎ïœ1517幎ãå€§èŠæš¡ãªå 眪笊販売â1517ïœ1536幎ã宿æ¹é©ïŒãã€ãã»ã¹ã€ã¹ïŒ
ã»ãŽã§ããã¢ãšã®äº€æã§å¯ãèããããã¬ãŒå®¶ããããŒãæçåºã«é£ã蟌ã¿ãããŒãïŒã«ããªãã¯æäŒã«å€é¡ã®éã貞ãä»ããŠãããåéã§éŠãåããªããªã£ãããŒãæçåºã¯ãå 眪笊ã®è²©å£²ã決æããã®è²©å£²ãããã¬ãŒå®¶ã«äŸé Œãããããã¬ãŒå®¶ã¯å 眪笊販売åã³ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãžã®è²žä»ã«ãã£ãŠããã®è²¡ç£ãæ¡å€§ãããŠè¡ãããã®å 眪笊販売ã®äžå¿å°åã ã£ããã€ãæ°è¡ã®åæã匷ãŸãããã®åçºãèæ¯ã«ã«ã¿ãŒã«ãã宿æ¹é©ãå§ãŸãïŒâãããã¹ã¿ã³ãïŒã
1618幎ïœ1648幎ã30幎æŠäº
ã»16äžçŽä»¥éããšãŒãããã«ãããèŠæš©ã確ç«ããããšããããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ãšããã黿¢ããããšããå¢åã®éã§ã®æŠäºãç¶ãããã®éãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãæŠäºããïŒã€ã®å¢åã«éãããè«å ±æŽ»åãå売ãšããŠè¡ãããŸããã¹ã€ã¹ãšãµãŽã©ã€äžæã¯äž¡æ¹ã«åå µã貞ãä»ãããã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯äž¡æ¹ã®å¢åã«è³éã貞ãä»ããéãå²ããŠããã
ã»å ã ããã€ãã§ç䟯貎æãæ±ãã®éåªåž«ãšããŠãäºèšã®çäžçãé«ããšå€§äººæ°ã§ãã£ããå ãåž«ãããã¥ã«ã³ã»ãŠã³ãã»ã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã§ãã£ããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹å®¶ã¯ã1489幎ã«ããã¹ãã«ã°å®¶ã®éµäŸ¿ç©é éãå°å±ã§è«ãè² ãããã®åŸã貎æãèè·è«žäŸ¯ãå€äº€å®ãå人ã®éä¿¡ãæ±ãç¹æš©ãåŸãŠããããã®ãšãŒãããå šäœã«åºãã£ããããã¯ãŒã¯ãé§äœ¿ããæ å ±ãæã«å ¥ããŠããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãäºèšãçäžãããããšã¯ç°¡åã§ãã£ãã17äžçŽã«ã¯ãã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãšãŒãããäžãæ å ±é¢ã§çµ±äžããŠããããšãŒãããååœã®çã»è²Žæã«ãã¡ãŒãã«ãkgãšãã£ã枬éåäœãçµ±äžãããã
ã»17äžçŽç¥èããŒãåžåœïŒããã¹ãã«ã°åžåœïŒã¯ãã€ã¹ã©ã å¢åïŒãã«ã³è»ããæ¿ããæ»æãåããŠãããéŠéœãŠã£ãŒã³ãå å²ãããåœå®¶å亡ã®å±æ©ã«ç«ããããããã®æãããã¹ãã«ã°åžåœã®ç·ææ®å®ãšããŠãã«ã³è»ãæç ŽãããšãŒããããã€ã¹ã©ã å¢åããå®ãæããè»äººããµãŽã©ã€ã§ãã£ãã
ã»19äžçŽé ãããéä¿¡ã¯ç¹å®ã®äžæã«å§ããäºæ¥ã§ã¯ãªããšéµäŸ¿äºæ¥ãåœå¶åããåããæŽ»çºåãããããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯éµäŸ¿äºæ¥ã次ã ãšå£²åŽããå·šé¡ã®å¯ãåŸããäžçæå€§ã®ã¹ãã€çµç¹ã®é ç¹ã«åèšããè«å€§ãªè³ç£ãæããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæã¯ãçŸä»£ã§ãåœäž»åç¬ã§ãšãŒãããæå€§ã®åå°ææè ã§ããããã€50以äžã®äŒæ¥ãæ¯é ããŠãããåœäž»ããèªå® ããšãããã€ãã®ãšã¡ã©ã åã¯è±åœç宀ã®ãããã³ã¬ã 宮殿ããã巚倧ã§ãããã¿ã¯ã·ã¹äžæãå šç£æ¥ãæ¯é ããã¢ãã³ã«ã¯äžçäžããæ£ç¢ºãªæ å ±ãéãŸããããäžçäžã®å€§å¯è±ªããéãéãŸããäžå€§éèåœå®¶ãšãªã£ãããŸã圌ãã®æ¬æ å°ã¯ããã«ã®ãŒã®ããªã¥ãã»ã«ã«ãããæ¬éšãããªã¥ãã»ã«ã«çœ®ãããŠããçç±ã¯ããã«ããã
ã»ãã®åŸããµãŽã©ã€äžæã®ååã¯æŽå²ã®è¡šèå°ããå§¿ãæ¶ãããæŽå²ããæ¶ãå»ã£ãèš³ã§ã¯ãªãããµãŽã©ã€ã¯ã麻è¬ã»ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã䜿ã£ããã€ã³ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã«ãã人éãå»äººãšåããäœã§ãèšãããšãèããããã人éã䜿ãããã»ææ®ºãäŒãŠãééå£ãšããŠçŸåšã掻èºããŠãããè±åœç宀ã«åæãç¿»ããå è±åœç倪ååŠãã€ã¢ãã®ææ®ºãå®è¡ããã®ããã€ã³ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããµãŽã©ã€ã®äžåã§ãã£ãã
ã»ãã¹ãã£ã€ã«ãäžæã¯ããã®åŸãæŠäºè³éãåœå®¶ã«è²žãä»ããæŠäºã§è«å€§ãªå©çãäžãç¶ãããåŸã«éè¡å®¶ãšããŠäžççã«æåã«ãªããçŸåšã§ãæŽå²ã®è¡šèå°ã«ç«ã¡ç¶ããŠããã