2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 38 句動詞

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 38 句動詞：動詞と前置詞のコンビネーション

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パーティーでの服装に悩んでいるMarkにSandraがアドバイスしています。シャツとジーンズを薦めたようですよ。

Mark: 今夜のパーティーに何を着ようかまだ決めてないんだ。

I've still not decided what to wear for tonight's party.

Sandra: 私があなたの誕生日に買ってあげたピンクのシャツはどうかしら？

How about the pink shirt I got for your birthday?

Mark: あのシャツは大好きだけど、前回のパーティーで着たんだ。

I love that shirt, but I wore it at the last party.

Sandra: わかったわ。あなたは新しい黒いシャツと白いジーンズを着て、それがどう見えるか確めてみましょう。

OK. Put on your new black shirt and your white jeans, and let's see how that looks.

Mark: いい考えだね。さて、どう思う？

Good idea. Well, what do you think?

Sandra: 完璧よ。

Perfect.

Mark: ありがとう。じゃ、君はどうするの？なにを着るつもり？

Thanks. Now, how about you? What are you going to wear?

Sandra: それは後のお楽しみよ。

It's a surprise.

Mark: 待ちきれないな。

I can't wait.

以下、いつものディクテーションです。

Roza: Thanks for joining us, everyone. This is Roza Akino. 今日は句動詞です。
Chris: Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here, but I'm in a panic. I've still not decided what to say for the opening.
Roza: Oh, just hurry up and finish.
Chris: OK. Let's get started.

KEY SENTENCE

Put on your new black shirt and your white jeans.

DIALOGUE

Mark: I've still not decided what to wear for tonight's party.
Sandra: How about the pink shirt I got for your birthday?
Mark: I love that shirt, but I wore it at the last party.
Sandra: OK. Put on your new black shirt and your white jeans, and let's see how that looks.
Mark: Good idea. Well, what do you think?
Sandra: Perfect.
Mark: Thanks. Now, how about you? What are you going to wear?
Sandra: It's a surprise.
Mark: I can't wait.

I can't wait for the next textbook. I'm sure it will be full of surprises.

CHECK YOUR GRAMMER!

I've still not decided what to wear for tonight's party.
Can you show me how to work this machine?
I don't know which way to go.
How about the pink shirt I got for your birthday?
Now, how about you?

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY.

Put on your new black shirt and your white jeans.

put off 延期する

find out 見つけ出す

句動詞には、いくつかのタイプがあります（３つ）。

①句動詞全体が目的語をとらないもの

He didn't show up for the meeting.

②句動詞が目的語をとるもの

I ran into an old friend of mine.

③句動詞が目的語をとり、分離可能なもの

Put it on.

Call me Ken. と全くおなじリズムで作られている。

"me"の説明が"Ken"である。

"it"が"on"の状態になるようにputする（身に着ける）。

Put on ～ 分離しないパターンはある種の配慮が働いている。

Put your new black shirt and your white jeans on. 

こんなに"put"と"on"が離れてしまったら、「身に着ける」という意味が頭の中でまとまらなくなってしまう。

Put on your new black shirt and your white jeans.

EXPRESS YOURSELF IN ENGLISH!

（店員が女性客に）何か特にお探しでしょうか、お客様？

Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?

anything in particular 何か特に

私たちはKateの誕生日に計画したパーティーを延期しなければならなかった、彼女がインフルエンザになったので。

We had to put off the party I had planned for Kate's birthday, as she caught the flu.

Sensei: So, is it possible to say "We had to put the party I had planned for Kate's birthday off"?

Chris: Well, you just said it. So, it's possible. But as you explained well, there is a risk of losing the meaning entirely. So, it's much better when it's that long to put the phrasal verb together, "put off". 

Chris: Hey, guys. I'm looking for my smartphone. Where on earth is it?

Sensei: Hey Chris, right under your nose.

Roza: Sensei, don't blame him. It must be his age.

Chris: 失礼な。

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 37 under：「未完成」に注意する

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 37 under：「未完成」に注意する

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Gillは素晴らしく日焼けをしているSteveと会います。ギリシャでの休暇を楽しんでいたようですよ。でも、困ったこともあったようなんです。

Gill: こんにちは、スティーブ。ワーォ、あなたは見事に日焼けをしているわね。ギリシャでの休暇をとても楽しんだようね。

Hi, Steve. Wow, you have a great tan! I guess you really enjoyed your holiday in Greece.

Steve: はい、全体としてみれば素晴らしかったです。

Yes. Overall, it was wonderful.

Gill: 全体として？

Overall? 

Steve: ええ。つまり、天気はすばらしかったし、人々はとても友好的で親切で、それに食べ物は美味しかったです。

Yes. I mean the weather was fantastic, the people were really friendly and helpful, and the food was delicious.

Gill: だったら何が問題だったの？

So, what was the problem?

Steve: それが、そのホテルは新館が建設中だってことを僕たちに知らせていなかったんです。

Well, the hotel didn’t tell us that there was a new wing under construction.

Gill: ああ、そんな！ だから、騒音がとてもひどかったのね。

Oh, no! So, it was very noisy?

Steve: そのとおりです。毎日午前８時から午後６時までね。

Exactly. From 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day.

Gill: それはお気の毒に。

That’s too bad.

以下、いつものディクテーションです。

Roza: Sorry guys. I almost didn't make it on time. The normal entrance was under construction. Hey, everyone. This is Roza Akino. Let’s get started, Yeah?
Chris: I’m out of breath. Just listening to that int???, Roza? Are you under the weather? Anyway, Chris McVay here. Let’s have another great lesson.

KEY SENTENCE

There was a new wing under construction.

DIALOGUE

Gill: Hi, Steve. Wow, you have a great tan! I guess you really enjoyed your holiday in Greece.
Steve: Yes. Overall, it was wonderful.
Gill: Overall? 
Steve: Yes. I mean the weather was fantastic, the people were really friendly and helpful, and the food was delicious.
Gill: So, what was the problem?
Steve: Well, the hotel didn’t tell us that there was a new wing under construction.
Gill: Oh, no! So, it was very noisy?
Steve: Exactly. From 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day.
Gill: That’s too bad.

Chris: You know. Overall, I think the textbook is pretty good.
Roza: What do you mean overall? It’s fantastic.
Sensei: It’s perfect.
Chris: Ah, yeah, yeah, OK.

CHECK YOUR GRAMMER!

I guess you really enjoyed your holiday in Greece.
The hotel didn’t tell us that there was a new wing under construction.

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY.

There was a new wing under construction.
I studied math under a famous professor.
She claimed she committed the crime under the influence of her husband.

前置詞が非常に広い意味をもつのは、おそらく人間が位置関係に意味を結びつける癖をもっているからなんですね。

She wouldn’t cheat on him. She is above that.
彼女は浮気なんてしないよ。そんなことをする人じゃない。

cheat on
～でずるをする、〔人を〕裏切る、裏切って浮気する
・He cheated on his girlfriend with another girl. : 彼はガールフレンドを裏切って他の女と浮気をした。【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

His behavior is beyond comprehension.
彼の行動は理解できません。

EXPRESS YOURSELF IN ENGLISH!

そのエレベータは午前中ずっと修理中となります。
The elevator will be under repair all morning.

私の息子は、いま新しい先生の影響ですごく進歩しているよ。
My son is making great progress under the influence of his new teacher.

Sensei: Chris, you said “the elevator will be under repair all morning”, but do you really say “elevator” in British English?
Chris: Yes. It was difficult for me to say “elevator”. In the UK, we use the word “lift” for elevator.
Roza: Yeah, there are a lot of words that maybe an American wouldn’t even understand in British English, right?
Chris: Yeah, I think connected with cars, for example, we would say “boot”.
Roza: I love boots.
Chris: No, no. “Boot” is the truck of a car, right?
Roza: No way.

connected with 《be ～》 ～と関連がある、～と縁故関係がある 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 36 beforeとin front of

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 36 beforeとin front of：「～の前」をマスターする

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授業内容が右の耳から入って左の耳に抜けてしまうんです。来週のテストを心配していることをKristaに打ち明けると、一緒に復習をしてくれることになったようです。よかったね、Edwin。

Edwin: 来週の金曜日にある数学のテストがとても心配なんだ。

I'm really worried about next Friday’s math test.

Krista: どうして？授業ではすべての学習内容を取り扱ったでしょ。

Why? We've covered all the content in class.

Edwin: ああ、でも僕には理解できないことがたくさんあるのさ。聞いてもすぐ忘れてしまうんだ。

Yes, but there's lots I don't understand. It seems to go in one ear and out the other.

Krista: なるほど。心配しないで。４時に図書館の前で会いましょう。私たちが一緒にすべてを復習すればいいし、あなたが困っていることがあったら何でも私が説明してあげるわ。

OK. Don’t worry. Meet me in front of the library at 4 o'clock. We can go over everything together, and I'll explain anything you have a problem with.

Edwin: どうもありがとうKrista。恩に着るよ。（あなたは星だ。）

Thanks a million, Krista. You’re a star.

Krista: ええ、そうね。あなたは私に一つ借りができたわよ。

Yeah, I know. And you owe me one.

以下、いつものディクテーションです。

Chris: Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. I hope that what we're covering today's lesson doesn't go in one ear and out the other, Hey Roza? 
Roza: I see what you did there, Chris? Umm. Hey, guys. This is Roza Akino. Get ready for another great lesson.

KEY SENTENCE

Meet me in front of the library at 4 o'clock.

DIALOGUE

Edwin: I’m really worried about next Friday’s math test.
Krista: Why? We’ve covered all the content in class.
Edwin: Yes, but there’s lots I don’t understand. It seems to go in one ear and out the other.
Krista: OK. Don’t worry. Meet me in front of the library at 4 o’clock. We can go over everything together, and I’ll explain anything you have a problem with.
Edwin: Thanks a million, Krista. You’re a star.
Krista: Yeah, I know. And you owe me one.

Hey, guys. Be sure to get the textbook because the textbook will explain anything you have a problem with, yeah?

CHECK YOUR GRAMMER!

There’s lots I don’t understand.
understandの目的語が空所。まず、“There’s lots”「たくさんあるんだよ。」と言い切る。その後、lotsを説明していく流れ。

I’ll explain anything you have a problem with.
withの目的語が空所。
have a problem with　～に問題がある、（人）との関係で問題がある【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY.

Meet me in front of the library at 4 o’clock.
Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the screen.

「～の前」と訳されるおなじみの”before”は、「場所の前」を表すのが苦手なことを覚えておきましょう。
Sensei: So, does “before” sound weird, I mean, instead of “in front of”?
Roza: Definitely.
Chris: Totally.

“before”は「順序関係」を基本とする前置詞であることを覚えておきましょう。
Shibuya comes before Ebisu.
I put my family before my job.

ところが、”before”が「場所」に使われるケースが存在する。非常に大きな感情的高揚あるいは私的なニュアンスを表すとき「場所」に使うことが可能です。
People are dying before our very eyes. 人々がまさに私たちの目の前で死んでいるんだよ。

Sensei: So, can you give me another example of this type of “before”?
Chris: Well, we could say, I made a speech before an audience of two thousand.

very 形 〈強調〉まさに、まさしく
・Your very presence is enough. : あなたがいてくれるだけで十分。
・That's exactly the word I wanted, very word. : まさにそのとおり。／それはまさに私が言いたかった言葉です。【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

EXPRESS YOURSELF IN ENGLISH!

彼女を映画館の前で待っていたが、彼女は現れなかった。
I waited for her in front of the movie theater, but she didn’t show up.

show up 句動 現れる、姿を現す 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

Sensei: So, can you give me the nuance of “up” in “show up”?
Chris: Well. It basically means something becomes visible, you know. If it’s down, you can’t see it. Suddenly "up" becomes. It becomes visible. So, “show up” means "arrive".
Roza: Yeah, the similar expression is “came up”. Something came up. So, you didn’t see it, but it just came up.
Chris: Yeah.
Roza: Same nuance.

"show up"のほかに"come up"という言い方もある。

あなたは閉まる前に急いで銀行に着く必要があります。
You need to hurry to get to the bank before it closes.

Sensei: So, Chris. Your very presence is enough.
Chris: Wow! Onishi Sensei. That’s a wonderful compliment, thank you.
Roza: Yes. It’s enough to make me cry. 
Roza: Of course, I met cry from joy.
Chris: You can’t get out of it.
 

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 35 今週のReview

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 35 今週のReview

ディクテーションです。

Roza: Hey, everyone. This is Roza Akino. I'm so excited for today's review. Actually the practical challenge will be so fun. 
Chris：Really, Roza?
Roza: Yeah.
Chris: Chris McVay here. I'd better start sharing the excitement. Yippee! Let's review.

Listening challenge!

Monday
Q: What will Aoi probably do at the end of this conversation?
A: She’ll have lunch alone.
B: She’ll go to the part.
C: She’ll have lunch with Yuichi’s group.

Tuesday
Q: What is the man’s opinion about red wine?
A: The older the better.
B: The cheaper the better.
C: The younger the better.

Wednesday
Q: What did Katie do before the exam?
A: She didn’t prepare well.
B: She got an herbal therapy certificate.
C: She studied a lot.

Thursday
Q: What will the man probably do after this conversation?
A: Take a bus.
B: Take a train.
C: Take a taxi.

Practical challenge.

Roza: So, guys, as we mentioned before, don’t focus too much on Japanese translation to English. Just think about the situation and the feeling of what you are trying to say and enjoy.
Chris: Exactly. In other words, don’t analyze too much. Just let English flow from your mouth, OK?

あなたは近所の人が飼っている猫のことで悩んでいます。その猫はすばらしい毛並みの小さくて可愛い猫なのですが、キッチンの窓から入ってきて、あなたが飼っている小鳥を怖がらせるのです。あなたは仕事の後、友人に相談したいと考えています。友人に電話をかけてみましょう。

ヒント：
すばらしい毛並みの　With a beautiful coat of fur
怖がらせる　scare

Hi, what’s up?
I have a problem with my neighbor’s cat. He’s a little cute cat with a beautiful coat of fur. But he comes in through the kitchen window and scares my birds. Can we talk after work?

Hi, what’s up?
I have a bit of problem with my next-door neighbor’s cat. Actually, she’s a gorgeous cat with bright emerald eyes. But she often comes through our back garden and into the kitchen. Could you drop by for a chat about this after work tonight?

Roza: So, guys. Speaking of cats, I’m sure, you know, how much I love cats, right?
Chris: Yes, we know. Nonstop.
Sensei: Yes, you always talk about your cats.
Roza: Actually, I have a story. So, a long time ago, I was on a shoot. Way in a countryside of Kawaguchi-ko and I saw this beautiful cat with sky-blue eyes and he was so sweet and he came up to me and just sat on my lap I was such a sweet heart. But he was an abandoned cat. I wanted to take him home. But we were on a ROKE-bus. So I had to leave him there. I still can’t to forget about him. 
Chris: This is such a sad story.
Roza: I know.

 

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 34 afterのイメージ：ついていく

2019 ラジオ英会話 Lesson 34 afterのイメージ：ついていく

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スクランブル交差点に行こうとしている観光客にSaraが親切に対応しています。いまいる場所は新宿。まず山手線に乗って、渋谷に行く必要がありそうです。

Visitor: すみません。スクランブル交差点を見つけようとしているんですけど。それはこの近くですか？

Excuse me. I'm trying to find the scramble crossing. Is it near here?

Sara: あまり近くはないですね。ここは新宿です。あなたは渋谷へ行く必要があります。その有名な交差点はそこにあるんですよ。

Not really. This is Shinjuku. You need to go to Shibuya. That's where the famous crossing is.

Visitor: 渋谷に行くにはどうしたらいいのですか？

How do I get to Shibuya?

Sara: 品川方面行きの山手線に乗るだけです。

Just take the Yamanote Line going towards Shinagawa.

Visitor: 渋谷は原宿の次ですよね？

Shibuya comes after Harajuku, right?

Sara: そのとおりです。アナウンスを注意して聞いてください。英語でも言っています。

Exactly. Listen to the announcements carefully. They make them in English as well.

Visitor: ああ、よかった。その交差点の写真を是非撮りたいんですよ。

OK, great. I really want to take the pictures of the crossing.

Sara: 楽しんでください。

Have fun!

以下、いつものディクテーションです。

Roza: Hey, everyone. This is Roza Akino. Ah, you know, for once I wish l could do my greeting after Chris.
Chris: And this is Chris McVay. After such  amazings greeting from you two, what can I say? Let's have an action-packed lesson as usual, huh?

action-packed 形  アクションいっぱいの　 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】
 

KEY SENTENCE

Shibuya comes after Harajuku.

DIALOGUE

Visitor: Excuse me. I'm trying to find the scramble crossing. Is it near here?
Sara: Not really. This is Shinjuku. You need to go to Shibuya. That's where the famous crossing is.
Visitor: How do I get to Shibuya?
Sara: Just take the Yamanote Line going towards Shinagawa.
Visitor: Shibuya comes after Harajuku, right?
Sara: Exactly. Listen to the announcements carefully. They make them in English as well.
Visitor:  OK, great. I really want to take the pictures of the crossing.
Sara: Have fun!

I'm sure you all really want to check out the textbook. If you do, you'll certainly have fun.

CHECK YOUR GRAMMER!

I'm trying to find the scramble crossing. Is it near here?
You need to go to Shibuya. That's where the famous crossing is. 

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY.

Shibuya comes after Harajuku.

"after"は「後ろからついていく」「追いかけていく」

I have a meeting at NHK after class.
I ran after the pickpocket.
Please look after my son while we're away. 

look after 世話をする、面倒を見る

Sensei: So, why is "look after" used to mean "take care of"? 
Chris: Well, the image is like you're following the person to make sure that nothing bad happens to them, you know? 
Roza: That's right. You're like a shadow looking after them.

× See you AFTER 30 minutes.

Roza: Yeah, actually, I think it's a very common mistake, right, Chris? 
Chris: Yeah, I hear it all the time. It kind of sounds like it should be OK, but actually it's not.

〇 See you in 30 minutes.  

EXPRESS YOURSELF IN ENGLISH!

The Taisho era comes after the Meiji era, right?
He takes after his father.

Sensei: Can you give me the image of "take after"?
Chris: Yes. It's basically the same as we've been talking about "following", right? 
This time you're following in your father's footsteps and you imitate to some extent, some of his personality, trait etc.
Roza: Yeah, that's about it.

follow in someone's footsteps （人）の足跡をたどる、（人）の先例に倣う 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】
to some extent　ある程度 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】
trait　名　〔人の性格の〕特徴、特質　発音tréit　 【引用：英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク】

Sensei: So, do you take after your dad, Chris?
Chris: Um, some people say that I do, Especially, in a sense of, l always want things happen quickly to finish things quickly, lack of patience, if you like, my dad was terrible. So I hope I'm not like that, but everybody tells me I am.
Roza: Oh, that makes a lot of sense now. That's why when we went to eat Vietnamese food the other day, you were done in five seconds.
Chris: What?