レボドパの高用量は 認知症発症の独立危険因子 | フレイルも認知症も減らない日本

フレイルも認知症も減らない日本

Nobody is in possession of the ultimate truth.

ウイルスと戦争の世紀で人生を終えることになるとは・・・まさに第三次世界大戦前夜の状況ですからね しかも本日は日本の金融市場はトリプル安

「振戦」の重症度は、
認知症リスクの増大に
関連しない事が
分かったとあります。

スコアにあったような・・・。

認知症発症の独立危険因子が
幾つかあげられていますが、
その中に、
「レボドパの高用量」
の記述があります。

Hoehn & Yahr stageとの
関連も考慮しないと
いけないでしょうが、
考えなければなりません。



SCOPA-Cogとは、
Scales for Outcomes 
in Parkinson's 
Disease-Cognitionのこと。





Predictors 
of dementia 
in 
Parkinson's disease; 
findings from 
a 5-year 
prospective study 
using
 the SCOPA-COG

Kangdi Zhu, 
van Hilten, 
Johan Marinus

Department of Neurology, 
Leiden University 
Medical Center, Leiden, 
The Netherlands

Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 
2014 Sep;20(9):980-5. 
doi: 10.1016/
j.parkreldis.2014.06.006. 


Aim of this study 
was to identify risk factors 
for the development 
of dementia in patients 
with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

A broad range 
of motor 
and non-motor features 
was assessed 
at baseline 
and the following five years 
in 406 PD patients

Cross-sectional analyses 
of baseline data 
and longitudinal analyses 
of follow-up data 
were performed 
to identify
risk factors for dementia.


Results

Thirty-two percent 
of patients (n = 129) 
had dementia at baseline, 
while 26% 
of patients (n = 68) 
without dementia 
at baseline 
developed dementia 
during follow-up.

Univariate survival analysis 
showed that 
higher age, 
fewer years of education, 
longer disease duration, 
higher age-at-onset, 
higher levodopa dose, 
higher Hoehn & Yahr stage, 
presence of dyskinesias, 
excessive daytime sleepiness 
(EDS), presence of hallucinations, 
and more severe autonomic 
and depressive symptoms 
were associated 
with an increased risk 
of dementia. 

Higher baseline 
Postural-Instability-
and-Gait-Difficulty scores 
were also associated 
with an increased risk 
of dementia, whereas 
no effect 
of tremor severity was found. 


These findings 
largely corresponded 
with the variables 
that were associated 
with the presence 
of dementia at baseline. 

In a stepwise regression model, 
higher age at baseline, 
fewer years of education, 
higher daily levodopa dose 
and 
excessive daytime sleepiness
(EDS) emerged 
as independent risk factors 
of future dementia.


Conclusions

In this large 
prospective cohort study, 
we identified 
a combination 
of potentially 
interacting risk factors 
for dementia in PD 
that are associated 
with higher age 
and more advanced disease.


以下はオマケ。

[Psychometric attributes 
of Scales for Outcomes 
in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition
(SCOPA-Cog), Castilian language].

Authors

Martínez-Martín P1, 
Frades-Payo B, 
Rodríguez-Blázquez C, 
Forjaz MJ, 
de Pedro-Cuesta J, 

Grupo Estudio Longitudinal 
de Pacientes con Enfermedad 
de Parkinson.

Author information

1Centro Nacional 
de Epidemiologia. 
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 
28029 Madrid, España. 


Journal

Rev Neurol. 
2008 Oct 1-15;47(7):337-43. 
Article in Spanish.

Abstract

AIM: 

To test the psychometric attributes 
of the Scales for Outcomes 
in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition 
(SCOPA-Cog), 
in Castilian language.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 

It is a multicenter, 
cross-sectional study 
carried out 
on 387 Parkinson's disease
 (PD) patients. 

They were 
70% in Hoehn and Yahr 
stages 2 or 3; 
their mean age was 65,8 years 
and they underwent 
the disease for 8,1 years. 

Rater-based -SCOPA-Motor, 
modified
Parkinson's 
Psychosis Rating Scale, 
Clinical Impression 
of Severity Index for PD
 (CISI-PD), 
Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics- 
and self-administered
 -SCOPA-Autonomic, 
SCOPA-Sleep, 
SCOPA-Psychosocial, 
Hospital Anxiety
 and Depression Scale, 
EuroQoL- assessments 
were applied. 

For SCOPA-Cog, 
the following
 psychometric attributes 
were analysed: 
acceptability, 
internal consistency, 
dimensionality, 
construct validity, 
and precision.

A cut-off point for dementia 
and SCOPA-Cog 
score's predictors 
were explored.

RESULTS: 

SCOPA-Cog was 
free from floor
 and ceiling effect. 
The internal consistency 
was satisfactory (alpha = 0,83) 
and the item-total correlation 
resulted
equal or upper than 0,45. 
Two factors were identified 
(52% of variance), 
one of them formed by 3 
out of the 4 memory-related items. 
The correlation 
with other measures 
was weak (rS < 0,35), 
except for 
the CISI-PD's item
 'cognitive state'
(rS = 0,51). 
SCOPA-Cog scored 
significantly different 
for Hoehn and Yahr stages 
and for patients grouped 
by age, age 
at onset of PD, and education. 
The standard error 
of measurement 
was 3,02. 
A cut-off point 19/20 
reached 76% sensitivity 
and specificity for dementia. 
Age and age at onset of PD 
resulted the strongest predictors.

CONCLUSION: 

SCOPA-Cog is 
a consistent, valid, 
and precise measure 
for assessment 
of the cognitive disorder in PD.