10-27-23: People who contributed to linguistics

August 2016

People who had a significant influence on development of the field

John Langshow Austin

Leonard Bloomfield

Franz Bopp

Noam Chomsky

David Crystal

Daniel Everett

M.A.K Halliday

Louis Hjelmslev

Roman Jakobson

Sir William Jones

Panini

Kenneth L. Pike

Rasmus Rask

Edward Sapir

Ferdinand de Saussure

August Schleicher

John R. Searle

Claude- Levi Strauss

Nikolai Trubetzkoy

Noah Webster 

Benjamin Lee Whorf

10-27-23: August 2016 -Subfields of Linguistics

Theoretical linguistics

Cognitive linguistics

Generative linguistics 

Functional theories of grammar

Quantitative linguistics

Phonology

Graphemics

Morphology

Syntax

Lexis

Semantics

Pragmatics

Descriptive linguistics

Anthropological linguistics

Comparative linguistics

Historical linguistics

Phonetics

Graphemics

Etymology

Sociolinguistics

Applied linguistics

Computational linguistics

Evolutionary linguistics

Forensic linguistics

Internet linguistics

Language acquisition

Language assessment

Language documentation

Language revitalization

Language development

Language education

Linguistic anthropology

Neurolinguistics

Psycholinguistics

Second-language acquisition

Semiotics

Contrastive linguistics

Corpus linguistics

Dialectology

Discourse analysis

Grammar

Interlinguistics

Language didactics

Language learning

Language teaching

Language for specific purposes

Lexicology

Linguistic statistics

Orthography

Rhetoric

Text linguistics

Danish school

Functionalism 

Generative linguistics

Geneva school

Neo-grammarians

Prague school

Prescription and description

Soviet linguistics

Stratifiational linguistics

Structuralism

Systemic linguistics

SIL international

Tagmemics

10-27-23: English syntax terms by Jim Miller

8-9-16

Accomplishment verb

Achievement verb

Activity verb

Adjective

Adjunct

Adverb of direction, of location

Agent

Agreement

Article

Aspect

Grammatical

Lexical

Auxiliary verb

Benefactive

Case

Circumstances

Clause

Adverbial

Of confession

Of condition

Of manner

Of reason

Of time

And sentence

Complement

Noun complement

Verb complement

Conjoined

Finite

Main

Negative fronting

Non-finite

Bare verb

Free participle

Gerund

Gerund type

Infinity

Properties of

Reduced adverbial

Reduced relative

Prepositional phrase fronting

Relative

Rules of thumb

Subordinate

Form and function

Hierarchy of 

Collocation

Comitative

Complement

Complementiser

Preposed theme

Relationships between

Transitive

WH cleft

Content word

Controller

Coordination

Core (of clause)

Dependencies

Dependency relation

Dictionary entry

Direct object

Discourse analysis

Ellipsis

Experiencer

Fixed phrase

Highly constrained phrase

Institutionalized phrases

Polywords

Sentence builders

Focus

And postponement

End focus

Conjunction

Coordinating

Subordinating

Constituent structure

Tests

Construction

Active

And clause

And meaning

Copula

Ascriptive

Equiative

Locative

Declarative

Right movement

Form word

Gender

Given entities

Goal

Government

Grammatical function

Grammatical word

Head

Meaning

Adjective phrase

Of clause

Noun phrase

Prepositional phrase

Verb phrase

Highlighting

Indirect object

Adverbs of direction

Instrument

Lexical word

Lexicon

Double object

Existential

Function in texts

Imperative

Indirect question

Interrogative

Intransitive

It cleft

Middle

Negative

Non-copula

Oblique object

Passive

Get, long, short

Metaphor

Middle

Modal verb

Modification

Modifier

Order of

Mood

Statements, questions, commands

Morphology

Derivational

Inflectional

Neutral role

New entities

Noun

Abstract

Animate

Common

Concrete

Count

Human

Inanimate 

Proper

Nucleus (of clause)

Number, in English

Oblique object

Patient

Perfect

Periphery (of clause)

Person

Phrase

Test for

Place

Predicating

Preposition

Progressive

Prototypical member of class

Substitution

Syntactic linkage

Word order

Tag questions

Tense

Mood

Text

Thematisation process

Clefting

Stative

Words and slots

Word classes

Speech acts

Central member

Denotation

Morphological criterion

Morpho-syntactic criteria

Quantifier floating

Referring

Relative pronoun

Result

Resultative

Roles

Applications of

Criteria for

Role-players

Selectional restrictions

Sentence

Clause

Left movement

Promotion to subject

Subject selection

Theme (role) and text

Bridge

Outer

Topics

Transitivity

Transposition

Verb phrase

Peripheral member

Semantic criteria 

Syntactic criteria

Complex

Compound

Text

Simple aspect

Slots 

Source

Subcaterogorisation

Constructions

Subject

Grammatical subject

Logical subject

Psychological subject

Understood subject

Verb

Adjuncts

Complements

Copula

Dynamic

Finite

Head of clause

Intransitive

Non-finite

Voice

10-24-23: Alienation

What are the symptoms of alienation?

Feeling distanced from work, family, and friends is a common symptom of alienation. Other symptoms include:

• feeling helpless
• feeling that the world is empty or meaningless
• feeling left out of conversations or events
• feeling different or separate from everyone else
• having difficulty approaching and speaking with others, especially parents
• feeling unsafe when interacting with others
• refusing to obey rules

There can also be symptoms of depression that include:

• having a poor appetite or overeating,
• sleeping excessively or having insomnia
• being fatigued
• lacking self-worth
• having feelings of hopelessness

10-24-23: Food recently

I just ate and ate and don't think well. 

My head is.... Empty.

I watched a video where a man in America got an injury on the head caused by bang or accident suddenly turned into a genius who's able to solve complex Mathematical problems and became a physicist himself. 

I wish things were as easy as that... 

What am I really good at...

I think about what other family think of me when I didn't attend the grandparent transfer of burial gathering. Maybe they think bad of me all the more. 

I feel like a freeloader. 

Because I don't give anything in return. 

When I attend parties, I couldn't give love properly or talk well to the host. 

Maybe it is because I don't have money. That's why I don't feel secured. 

My debt to my mother is increasing. 

How much money should I pay for all the damages? Because everyday I don't cook or don't do the household chores and just lie down on the bed. 

It is stupid of me not to record or count everything I received.

I don't want to have a debt. So I want to return everything. 

Everyone thinks of me I am poor because I don't have money. 

I didn't think of myself that way but keeping on repeating such idea in my mind makes me think I am poor.

Anyway, I don't want to be dragged into situations anymore. It is better to say no. 

If there was an attractive job, I could have grabbed it immediately. 

But none really attracts me like a magnet.........

Time passes by every second and everyday I always lose. 

I couldn't love my family. 

Because they always laugh and joke. 

And their attire looks like a...

Maybe it is my fault not having a big heart to love everybody. 

My brother's birthday. I didn't like how others celebrate my brother's birthday because it is bad. 

Barbecue 

I don't want to eat but in the end I couldn't manage it and have no choice but to survive. I feel my character is ruined when I eat my mother's food. 

Roasted fish 

Velvet cake

Lechon from aunt

Shrimp..

10-23-23: Nothing

I don't have fondness for big house, big car, loads of friends, or lots of family or reproduce or grandiose clothes, or very intelligent mind. But I also don't want to be physically bullied like be stabbed by others. 

I just like nothing. 

Live peacefully and quietly in nature.