本土決戦を主張した阿南陸軍大臣　私は「腹芸説」を採る　I Believe Minister...

本土決戦を主張した阿南陸軍大臣　私は「腹芸説」を採る
I Believe Minister of War Anami’s Suicide Was a Ploy

【ニッポンの新常識】 Common Knowledge Revisited(28)http://www.zakzak.co.jp/society/domestic/news/20150815/dms1508151000004-n1.htm

　In Japan, the war is considered as having ended on August 15, 1945, the day the Emperor delivered his radio broadcast announcing acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and the end of the war, but in the United States, “VJ Day” is considered to be September 2nd, the day of the signing of the surrender documents aboard the battleship Missouri

　I have written before that the Potsdam Declaration of July 26, 1945 was a demand to the Japanese government for conditional surrender.

　The one who insisted on unconditional surrender of the Japanese and Germans was President Roosevelt. Japan in turn insisted upon maintenance of the national polity.

　The national polity means the Japanese national structure from ancient times centered upon the emperor. The government felt that battle on the mainland would be unavoidable unless the national polity could be insured following surrender. Newspapers stirred up the populace in preparation for “100 million honorable deaths.”

　Perhaps because his mother’s family had made a fortune in trade with China including opium, President Roosevelt was pro-China and anti-Japan. Just as he had refused peace negotiations with Japan before the war, he had no intention of entertaining the wishes of Japan as the end of the war drew near. Success in tests of the atomic bomb was near, and plans were in place for Operation Downfall, a strategy including the use of poison gas to invade the Japanese main islands and annihilate the populace.

　Perhaps it was another “Kamikaze (Divine Wind),” but Roosevelt died of a stroke on April 12th. Truman took his place, and at last it was possible for Japan to propose a conditional surrender.

　On the recommendation of Joseph Grew, who knew the importance of the emperor and had served as U.S. ambassador to Japan until the war began, and two others comprising the “Committee of Three,” the draft of the Potsdam Declaration included a provision allowing Japan to maintain its emperor.

　However, Secretary of State James Byrnes, a staunch opponent of Japan, was opposed, and the language of the surrender demand was changed. If the provision allowing Japan to maintain its emperor had been included from the beginning and Japan had surrendered before the end of July, no nuclear bombs would have been dropped on Japan.

　There is, however, a possibility that in that case hardline militarists who still had high morale would have ignored the order to lay down their weapons and taken matters into their own hands, resulting in a civil war not even comparable to the Kyujo Incident (the attempted coup-de-tat on the night of August 14th intended to prevent the emperor’s announcement of surrender).

　Minister of War Korechika Anami, who opposed acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and advocated continuation of the war including a military showdown on the mainland islands, committed ritual suicide early in the morning on August 15th. Some people consider this to be a protest against Japan’s acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration, but I am of the opinion that his advocacy of continuing the war culminating in ritual suicide was in fact a dramatic ploy to quell the discontent of young commissioned army officers.

　While accepting the possibility that he would be reviled by rigid militarists following his death, Minister Anami feigned support for continuation of the war, and by his final heroic ritual suicide, diffused the hardliners’ will to fight, thus avoiding a military upheaval.

　He was a true patriot. We pray for the repose of his soul.

8/16（日）　Voice LIVE　「どうなる？戦後70年目の日韓関係」
ケント・ギルバート × 呉善花 × 丸谷元人
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