The flu that transformed the 20th century
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20181016-the-flu-that-transformed-the-20th-century
1918年にパンデミックを引き起こしたスペインかぜについて取り上げたBBCの記事。
The picture we have of the 1918 flu pandemic is vastly more detailed today than it was 20 years ago, let alone 50 or 100 years ago. But it’s nowhere near complete. Pathologist Jeffery Taubenberger of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases – the man who in 2005, with his colleague Ann Reid, published the genetic sequence of the virus responsible for the pandemic – said at a recent conference there were still many unanswered outstanding questions.
技術の進展で新たなことがかなりいろいろわかってきているらしい。
Because it was so deadly to 20-to-40-year-olds, the disease robbed families of their breadwinners and communities of their pillars, leaving large numbers of elderly people and orphans with no means of support. Men were at greater risk of dying than women, in general, unless the women were pregnant – in which case they died or suffered miscarriages in droves.
通常では重篤になりにくいもっとも健康度がたかい20代から40代の男性がとくに犠牲が多かった。
Flu has sometimes been called a democratic disease, but in 1918 it was anything but. If you lived in certain parts of Asia, for example, you were 30 times more likely to die than if you lived in certain parts of Europe.
Asia and Africa suffered the highest death rates, in general, and Europe, North America and Australia the lowest, but there was great variation within continents too. Denmark lost around 0.4 per cent of its population, while Hungary lost around three times that. Cities tended to suffer worse than rural areas, but there was variation within cities too.
地域による犠牲者の差も大きく、とくにアジアやアフリカで犠牲者が多く出た。
All over the world, the poor, immigrants and ethnic minorities were more susceptible – not, as eugenicists liked to claim, because they were constitutionally inferior, but because they were more likely to eat badly, to live in crowded conditions, to be suffering from other, underlying diseases, and to have poor access to healthcare.
Things haven't changed all that much. A study of the 2009 flu pandemic in England showed that the death rate in the poorest fifth of the population was triple that in the richest.
貧しい人がとくに犠牲になったが、これは現在でも変わっていない。
その他、公共衛生というものの考え方や、社会的な影響についても言及されている。
・Spanish Flu - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu
死亡率のグラフがあった。太線がスペインかぜの死亡率で、点線が通常のインフルエンザの死亡率。
たしかに25-34に大きな山ができている。
・スペインかぜ（Wikipedia）
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9C