教育学者ではなく、哲学者・心理学者ですが．．．
ミード（George Herbert Mead, 1863–1931）はパース、ジェームズ、デューイと同じプラグマティストとして知られています。この３人に比べて知名度は一般に低いですが、たいへんオリジナルな考えを持っていた人です。例えば、このブログで何度か紹介しているブルーナーの間主観性 (intersubjectivity) の考え方や、ヴィゴツキーによる、個人の精神の社会的起源の考え方を先取りする考えを持っていました。
例えば、思考とコミュニケーションの関係について、このような考えを持っていました：何らかの観念や感情 (the conscious state) が精神の中にあって、それを（ことばが伝えるように）表現する、または相手に伝えるのがジェスチャーだとダーウィンたちは考えました。しかし、それは「文献学者」的な考え方であり、精神やコミュニケーションについての誤った考え方です。精神が先にあり、その後に、その集合として社会が成立するという考え方です。社会または個体同士の相互作用が精神に先行するのです。(Mead, Mind, Self, and Society)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy の記事（http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mead/） を一部引用します：
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), American philosopher and social theorist, is often classed with William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey as one of the most significant figures in classical American pragmatism. Dewey referred to Mead as “a seminal mind of the very first order” (Dewey, 1932, xl). Yet by the middle of the twentieth-century, Mead's prestige was greatest outside of professional philosophical circles. He is considered by many to be the father of the school of Symbolic Interactionism in sociology and social psychology, although he did not use this nomenclature. Perhaps Mead's principal influence in philosophical circles occurred as a result of his friendship with John Dewey. There is little question that Mead and Dewey had an enduring influence on each other, with Mead contributing an original theory of the development of the self through communication. This theory has in recent years played a central role in the work of Jürgen Habermas. While Mead is best known for his work on the nature of the self and intersubjectivity, he also developed a theory of action, and a metaphysics or philosophy of nature that emphasizes emergence and temporality, in which the past and future are viewed through the lens of the present. Although the extent of Mead's reach is considerable, he never published a monograph. His most famous work, Mind, Self, and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist, was published after his death and is a compilation of student notes and selections from unpublished manuscripts.
ミード（George Herbert Mead, 1863–1931）はパース、ジェームズ、デューイと同じプラグマティストとして知られています。この３人に比べて知名度は一般に低いですが、たいへんオリジナルな考えを持っていた人です。例えば、このブログで何度か紹介しているブルーナーの間主観性 (intersubjectivity) の考え方や、ヴィゴツキーによる、個人の精神の社会的起源の考え方を先取りする考えを持っていました。
例えば、思考とコミュニケーションの関係について、このような考えを持っていました：何らかの観念や感情 (the conscious state) が精神の中にあって、それを（ことばが伝えるように）表現する、または相手に伝えるのがジェスチャーだとダーウィンたちは考えました。しかし、それは「文献学者」的な考え方であり、精神やコミュニケーションについての誤った考え方です。精神が先にあり、その後に、その集合として社会が成立するという考え方です。社会または個体同士の相互作用が精神に先行するのです。(Mead, Mind, Self, and Society)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy の記事（http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mead/） を一部引用します：
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), American philosopher and social theorist, is often classed with William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey as one of the most significant figures in classical American pragmatism. Dewey referred to Mead as “a seminal mind of the very first order” (Dewey, 1932, xl). Yet by the middle of the twentieth-century, Mead's prestige was greatest outside of professional philosophical circles. He is considered by many to be the father of the school of Symbolic Interactionism in sociology and social psychology, although he did not use this nomenclature. Perhaps Mead's principal influence in philosophical circles occurred as a result of his friendship with John Dewey. There is little question that Mead and Dewey had an enduring influence on each other, with Mead contributing an original theory of the development of the self through communication. This theory has in recent years played a central role in the work of Jürgen Habermas. While Mead is best known for his work on the nature of the self and intersubjectivity, he also developed a theory of action, and a metaphysics or philosophy of nature that emphasizes emergence and temporality, in which the past and future are viewed through the lens of the present. Although the extent of Mead's reach is considerable, he never published a monograph. His most famous work, Mind, Self, and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist, was published after his death and is a compilation of student notes and selections from unpublished manuscripts.
