Havana Syndrome evidence

Scott Pelley (00:01):

Tonight we have important developments in our five-year investigation of mysterious brain injuries reported by US national security officials. The injured include White House staff, CIA officers, FBI agents, military officers, and their families. Many believe that they were wounded by a secret weapon that fires a high-energy beam of microwaves or ultrasound. This is our fourth story, and for the first time we have evidence of who might be responsible. Most of the injured have fought for America, often in secret, and they’re frustrated that the US government publicly doubts that an adversary is targeting Americans.

Speaker 2 (00:50):The story will continue in a moment.

Scott Pelley (00:56):One of them is Carrie. We’re disguising her and not using her last name because she’s still an FBI agent working in counterintelligence. She says in 2021, she was home in Florida when she was hit by a crippling force.

Carrie (01:13):

And bam, inside my right ear, it was like a dentist drilling on steroids. That feeling when it gets too close to your eardrum, it’s like that times 10. It was a high-pitched metallic drilling noise and it knocked me forward at a 45-degree angle this way.

Scott Pelley (01:34):She says she was by a window in her laundry room.

Carrie (01:37):

My right ear was line of sight to that window while this thing was happening in my ear, and when I leaned forward, it didn’t knock me over, but it knocked me forward. I immediately felt pressure, and pressure and pain started coursing from inside my right ear, down my jaw, down my neck, and into my chest.

Scott Pelley (01:58):At the same time, FBI Agent Carrie told us the battery in her phone began to swell until it broke the case. Finally, she passed out on a couch. Because of chest pain, she was checked by a cardiologist and then returned to duty.

Carrie (02:17):And I remember complaining to my colleagues for months after that, I felt like I had early Alzheimer’s. Short-term memory, long-term memory, confusing memories, multitasking. My baseline changed. I was not the same person.

Scott Pelley (02:33):Carrie’s story matches those we’ve uncovered over the years.

Olivia Troye (02:37):It was like this piercing feeling on the side of my head. I remember it was on the right side of my head and I got vertigo.


Olivia Troye was Homeland Security Advisor to Vice President Mike Pence. In our 2022 report, she told us she was hit outside the White House.

Speaker 5 (02:58):

And then severe ear pain started. So I liken it to if you put a Q-tip too far and you bounce off your eardrum, well, imagine taking a sharp pencil and just poke in that.


And this man told us he was among the first publicly known cases in 2016 from our embassy in Cuba. That’s how the incidents became known as Havana Syndrome. He’s medically retired from an agency we can’t name, blind in one eye, and struggling for balance.

Dr. David Relman (03:28):

What we’re hearing about now is-

Scott Pelley (03:30):A major medical study for the government was led by Dr. David Relman of Stanford University. In our 2022 report, he told us…

Dr. David Relman (03:40):

What we found was, we thought, clear evidence of an injury to the auditory and vestibular system of the brain. Everything starting with the inner ear where humans perceive sound and sense balance and then translate those perceptions into brain electrical signals.


His study found directed pulsed radio frequency energy appears to be the most plausible mechanism. For example, a focused beam of microwaves or acoustic ultrasound. More than 100 officials or family members have unexplained, persistent symptoms.

Carrie (04:28):

If I turn too fast, my gyroscope is off essentially. It’s a step behind where I’m supposed to be. So I’ll turn too fast and I will literally walk right into the wall or the door frame.


Now, for the first time, the case of FBI agent Carrie suggests which adversary might be responsible. She spoke with the FBI’s permission but wasn’t allowed to discuss the cases she was on when she was hit. We have learned from other sources, one of those cases involved this Mustang going 110 miles an hour. In 2020 near Key West, Florida, deputies tried to stop the Mustang from speeding. It ran 15 miles until it hit spike strips laid in its path. A search of the car found notes of bank accounts.

Speaker 7 (05:36):Citibank. Discover savings, 75,000.

Scott Pelley (05:42):And this device that looks like a walkie-talkie can erase the car’s computer data, including its GPS record. There was also a Russian passport.

Speaker 8 (05:54):What’s your first name?

Vitalii Kovalev (05:56):Vitalii. V-I-T-A-L-I-I.

Scott Pelley (05:58):Vitalii Kovalev was the driver from St. Petersburg. Russia, not Florida.

Speaker 8 (06:04):Why did you run? You need to be honest with me.

Vitalii Kovalev (06:07):I don’t know.

Speaker 8 (06:08):You don’t know why you ran?

Vitalii Kovalev (06:08):I don’t know.

Scott Pelley (06:08):And we don’t know why he ran, but what we learned suggests he was a Russian spy.

Christo Grozev (06:14):What we see here is Vitalii Kovalev fitting exactly this formula.


Christo Grozev is a journalist legendary for unmasking Russian plots. In 2020, he uncovered the names of the Russian secret agents who poisoned Vladimir Putin’s rival, Alexei Navalny. Grozev is lead investigator for our collaborator on this story, The Insider, a magazine by Russian exiles. We asked him to trace Vitalii Kovalev.

Christo Grozev (06:48):

He studied in the military institute. He studied radio electronics with a particular focus on use within the military of microelectronics. He had all the technology know-how that would be required for somebody to be assisting an operation that requires high technology. And then all of a sudden, after working for two years in a military institute, he up and decides to become a chef.

Scott Pelley (07:14):Kovalev immigrated to the US and worked as a chef in New York and Washington, DC, even appearing at far left in a TV cooking segment.

Speaker 11 (07:26):Traditional Russian recipes, thanks to our wonderful chef.

Scott Pelley (07:30):But Kovalev was actually a Russian military electrical engineer with a top secret security clearance. Can someone like Kovalev simply decide to drop all of that and become a chef?

Christo Grozev (07:45):It is not an easy job to just leave that behind. Once you are in the military and you’ve been trained and the Ministry of Defense has invested in you, you remain at their beck and call for the rest of your life.


We don’t know what Kovalev was up to, but our sources say over months, he spent 80 hours being interviewed by FBI agent Carrie, who had investigated multiple Russian spies. Kovalev pled guilty to evading police and reckless driving. He was sentenced to 30 months. While he was in jail, Carrie says she was hit in Florida, and a year later when she awoke to the same symptoms in the middle of the night in California.

Carrie (08:32):It felt like I was stuck in this state of disorientation, not able to function, what is happening, and my whole body was pulsing.


Mark Zaid is Carrie’s attorney. He has a security clearance, and for decades has represented Americans working in national security. Zaid has more than two dozen clients suffering symptoms of Havana Syndrome, which the government now calls anomalous health incidents.

Mark Zaid (09:03):

I have CIA and State Department clients as well who believe they’ve been impacted domestically. There are dozens of CIA cases that have happened domestically that is at least believed. And we’re not even just talking about physical manifestation. We’re talking about evidence of computer issues in the midst of the incident where computer screens just literally stop working or go flicker on and off.

Scott Pelley (09:36):Do you know whether there are other FBI agents who have also suffered from these anomalous health incidents?

Mark Zaid (09:44):

There are other FBI agents and personnel, not just agents. Analysts. I represent one other FBI person who was impacted in Miami, and I also know of FBI personnel who believe they were hit overseas in the last decade.

Scott Pelley (10:04):Were any of these members of the FBI counterintelligence people in addition to Carrie?

Mark Zaid (10:08):The one thread that I know of with the FBI personnel that is common among most if not all of my clients, other than the family members connected to the employee, was they were all doing something relating to Russia.


Vitalii Kovalev served his time, and in 2022 went back to Russia, ignoring American warnings that he was in danger because he’d spent so much time with the FBI. Christo Grozev found this death certificate from last year, which says Kovalev was killed at the front in Ukraine. Do you think Kovalev was sent to Ukraine as a punishment?

Christo Grozev (10:55):One theory is that he was sent there in order for him to be disposed of.

Scott Pelley (10:59):Is Kovalev really dead or is this another cover story?

Christo Grozev (11:03):That is a very good question, and we actually worked on both hypotheses for a while. I do believe at this point that he was dead.

Carrie (11:12):

We’re dealing with energy weapons. It’s not going anywhere. Look how effective it’s been. It’s next-generation weaponry, and unfortunately it’s been refined on some of us and we’re the test subjects.


When we come back, you will hear from the Pentagon official who led a global investigation into who is targeting Americans.(11:46)
US intelligence says publicly, there is no credible evidence that an adversary is inflicting brain injuries on national security officials, and yet more than 100 Americans have symptoms that scientists say could be caused by a beam of microwaves or acoustic ultrasound. The Pentagon launched an investigation run by a recently retired army lieutenant Colonel. Greg Edgreen has never spoken publicly, until now.

Speaker 2 (12:18):The story will continue in a moment.

Scott Pelley (12:25):Are we being attacked?

Greg Edgreen (12:27):My personal opinion? Yes.

Scott Pelley (12:29):By whom?

Greg Edgreen (12:30):Russia.

Scott Pelley (12:32):Greg Edgreen ran the investigation for the Defense Intelligence Agency. He would not discuss classified information, but he described his team’s work from 2021 to 2023.

Greg Edgreen (12:45):

We were collecting a large body of data, ranging from signals intelligence, human intelligence, open source reporting, anything regarding the internet, travel records, financial records, you name it. Unfortunately, I can’t get into specifics based on the classification, but I can tell you at a very early stage, I started to focus on Moscow.

Scott Pelley (13:10):Can you tell me about the patterns you began to see?

Greg Edgreen (13:14):

One of the things I started to notice was the caliber of our officer that was being impacted. This wasn’t happening to our worst or our middle-range officers. This was happening to our top five, 10% performing officers across the Defense Intelligence Agency, and consistently, there was a Russia nexus. There was some angle where they had worked against Russia, focused on Russia, and done extremely well.

Scott Pelley (13:48):What has been the impact on American national security?

Greg Edgreen (13:52):The impact has been that the intelligence officers and our diplomats working abroad are being removed from their posts with traumatic brain injuries. They’re being neutralized.


Tonight, we’re reporting for the first time an incident at last year’s NATO Summit in Lithuania, a meeting that focused largely on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and was attended by President Biden. Multiple sources tell us that a senior official of the Department of Defense was struck by the symptoms and sought medical treatment. We told Greg Edgreen what we’d learned.

Greg Edgreen (14:31):It tells me that there are no barriers on what Moscow will do, on who they will attack, and that if we don’t face this head on, the problem is going to get worse.


The problem first appeared in public in 2016. US officials reported being hurt in Cuba and the incidents known as Havana Syndrome. But we have learned it started two years earlier when at least four Americans reported symptoms in Frankfurt, Germany. There is also evidence of what could be revenge attacks. For example, in 2014, three CIA officers were stationed in Ukraine, Vladimir Putin’s obsession. 2014 was the year that a popular revolt overthrew Putin’s preferred leader. Later, those CIA officers went on to other assignments and reported being hit, one in Uzbekistan, one in Vietnam, and the third officer’s family was hit in London.(15:41)
If it is Russia, investigative reporter Christo Grozev believes he knows who’s involved. In 2018, Grozev was the first to discover the existence of a top secret Russian intelligence unit, which goes by a number: 29155.

Christo Grozev (16:00):

These are people who are trained to be versatile assassins and sabotage operators. They’re trained in counter-surveillance, they’re trained in explosives, they’re trained in using poison and technology equipment to actually inflict pain or damage to the targets.


Grozev works with our collaborators on this report, a magazine called The Insider, and Germany’s Der Spiegel. He has a long track record uncovering Russian documents and Grozev says he found one that may link 29155 to a directed energy weapon.

Christo Grozev (16:39):And when I saw it, I literally had tears in my eyes because it was spelling out what they had been doing.

Scott Pelley (16:45):It’s a piece of accounting. An officer of 29155 received a bonus for work on “potential capabilities of nonlethal acoustic weapons.”

Christo Grozev (16:59):Which told us that this particular unit had been engaged with somewhere, somehow, empirical tests of a directed energy unit.

Scott Pelley (17:09):There it is.

Christo Grozev (17:10):There it is.

Scott Pelley (17:10):Written down in black and white.

Christo Grozev (17:12):It’s the closest to a receipt you can have for this.

Scott Pelley (17:15):We’ve also found that Russia’s 29155 may have been present in Tbilisi, Georgia when Americans reported incidents there. Do you believe that you were attacked?

Speaker 14 (17:27):Absolutely.


She asked us to withhold her name for her safety. She is the wife of a Justice department official who was with the embassy in Tbilisi. She’s a nurse with a PhD in anesthesiology. On October 7th, 2021, she says that she was in her laundry room when she was blindsided by a sound.

Speaker 14 (17:51):

As I’m reaching into the dryer, I am completely consumed by a piercing sound that I can only describe as when you listen to a movie and the main character is also consumed by the sound after a bomb goes off. That is similar to the sound that I heard. It just pierced my ears, came in my left side, felt like it came through the window into my left ear. I immediately felt fullness in my head and just a piercing headache. And when I realized that I needed to get out of the laundry room, I left the room and went into our bedroom next door and projectile vomited in our bathroom.


We have learned that hers was the second incident that week. Sources tell us earlier in the neighborhood, a US official their spouse and child were hit. We have also learned of a phone call that was intercepted nearby. A man says in Russian, “Is it supposed to have blinking green lights?” And, “Should I leave it on all night?” We have no idea what he was talking about, but the next day, the incidents began. Sources tell us that an investigation centered on this Russian, Albert Avarionov. His name on travel manifests and phone records appears alongside known members of Unit 29155. He is also the son of the commander.

Christo Grozev (19:40):He was groomed to become a member of the unit since he was 16. His number is in the phone books of all members of the unit. Clearly, he’s more than just the son of the boss. He’s a colleague of these people.


Grozev found Albert Avarionov’s phone was turned off during the Tbilisi incidents, but our sources say there is evidence someone in Tbilisi logged into Avarionov’s personal email during this time. Most likely, Grozev believes, Avarionov himself, placing him in the city.

Christo Grozev (20:17):We believe members of unit 29155 were there in order to facilitate, supervise, or maybe even personally implement attacks on American diplomats and American government officials using an acoustic weapon.

Scott Pelley (20:32):After you were able to get out of the laundry room, call your husband, what did you do then?

Speaker 14 (20:38):

I went downstairs. I first looked on our security camera, which is right beside our front door, to see if anyone was outside. There was a vehicle right outside of our gate. I took a photo of that vehicle and noticed that it was not a vehicle that I recognized, and I went outside.

Scott Pelley (20:57):Did you see anyone around the vehicle?

Speaker 14 (21:08):I did.

Scott Pelley (21:08):We sent you a photograph of Albert Avarionov and this is the picture that we sent you.

Speaker 14 (21:10):You did.

Scott Pelley (21:10):And I wonder if that looks anything like the man you saw outside your home.

Speaker 14 (21:15):

It absolutely does. And when I received this photo, I had a visceral reaction. It made me feel sick. I cannot absolutely say for certainty that it is this man, but I can tell you that even to this day, looking at him makes me feel that same visceral reaction. And I can absolutely say that this looks like the man that I saw in the street.


This 40-year-old wife and mother is among the most severely injured people we have met.

Speaker 14 (21:55):

My headaches and brain fog continued. Later on into that weekend, I started having trouble walking down the stairs, specifically at night. I had trouble finding the steps to get down the stairs, so my coordination and vestibular system started just really falling apart.

Scott Pelley (22:17):She was medically evacuated, and now doctors say she has holes in her inner ear canals, the vestibular system that creates the sense of balance. Two surgeries put metal plates in her skull. Another surgery is likely.

Speaker 14 (22:36):It’s devastating. It’s absolutely devastating.


Despite experiences like hers, the office of the Director of National Intelligence said last year, “It’s very unlikely a foreign adversary is responsible.” But the DNI also acknowledged that some intelligence agencies had only low or moderate confidence in that assessment. This month, the National Institutes of Health reported results of brain scans. NIH said there’s no evidence of physical damage, but the medical science of so-called anomalous health incidence remains vigorously debated. For its part, the Director of National Intelligence says the symptoms probably result from pre-existing conditions, conventional illnesses, and environmental factors. Attorney Mark Zaid represents more than two dozen AHI clients. What do you make of the intelligence community assessment?

Mark Zaid (23:41):

So I’ve had access to classified information relating to AHI. I can’t reveal it. I wouldn’t reveal it. I will tell you that I don’t believe it to be the entire story, and I know of information that undermines or contradicts what they are saying publicly.

Scott Pelley (24:02):Are you saying that the government wants to cover this up?

Mark Zaid (24:06):

There is, in my view, without a doubt, evidence of a cover-up. Now, some of that cover-up is not necessarily that, “Oh, we found a weapon and we don’t want anybody to know about it.” What I’ve seen more so is, “We see lines of inquiry that would take us potentially to answers we don’t want to have to deal with, so we’re not going to explore any of those avenues.”

Greg Edgreen (24:39):If my mother had seen what I saw, she would say, “It’s the Russians, stupid.”


Greg Edgreen, who ran the military investigation, told us he had the Pentagon’s support. But in the Trump and Biden administrations, he says the bar for proof was set impossibly high.

Greg Edgreen (24:59):I think it was set so high because we did not as a country and a government want to face some very hard truths.

Scott Pelley (25:10):And what are those?

Greg Edgreen (25:11):Can we secure America? Are these massive counterintelligence failures? Can we protect American soil and our people on American soil? Are we being attacked? And if we’re being attacked, is that an act of war?


After what he learned in his classified investigation, Greg Edgreen retired from the army to start a company to help the victims. He hopes to channel government contracts into treatment programs. As with all spy stories, much is classified in what remains his circumstantial. None of the witnesses tonight wanted to speak. Some fear for their families. But all felt compelled to shine a light on what they see as a war of shadows, a war America may not be winning.

Christo Grozev (26:04):If this is what we’ve seen with the hundreds of cases of anomalous health incidents, I can assure you that this has become probably Putin’s biggest victory. In his own mind, this has been Russia’s biggest victory against the West.

Scott Pelley (26:19):In terms of the long term, would you consider this to be life-altering?

Speaker 14 (26:26):Absolutely life-altering for our whole family.

Speaker 2 (26:36):A suspected attack on Americans before Vice President Harris arrived in Vietnam.

Christo Grozev (26:42):I believe Russia is assisting other governments.

Speaker 2 (26:46):At sixtyminutesovertime.com.

Havana Syndrome evidence

Havana Syndrome evidence suggests who may be responsible for mysterious brain injuries