論文No908
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Mountain Sickness and Healthy High-Altitude Dwellers
Emrush Rexhaj, MD; Stefano F. Rimoldi, MD; Lorenza Pratali, MD; Roman Brenner, MD; Daniela Andries, BS; Rodrigo Soria, MD; Carlos Salinas, MD; Mercedes Villena, MD; Catherine Romero, BS; Yves Allemann, MD; Alban Lovis, MD; Raphaël Heinzer, MD; Claudio Sartori, MD; Urs Scherrer, MD
Chest. 2016;149(4):991-998. doi:10.1378/chest.15-1450
<背景>
慢性高山病(CMS)は血管機能障害をよく合併するがその機序は不明である。
睡眠呼吸障害(SDB)は高地でよく起こる。
低い高度では、SDBは血管機能障害を引き起こす。
さらに、SDBでは卵円孔開存(PFO)がある場合、一過性の右室圧増加が右ー左シャントを引き起こす。
その結果、さらに低酸素や肺高血圧がすすむ。
我々はSDBや夜間低酸素が高地居住の正常人よりもCMS患者よりもひどく、血管機能障害と関連していると仮定した。
<方法>
CMS患者23名(平均年齢52.8歳)と正常人12名(47.8歳)に夜間睡眠記録を行い、
全身および肺動脈圧を3600mの高地で行った。
SDB患者15名のサブグループでは、経食道心エコーでPFOの存在を評価した。
<結果>
CMS患者では、
(1)夜間低酸素がよりシビアであった(AHIがCMSで38.9 ± 25.5に対して正常では14.3 ± 7.8)。
また動脈血酸素飽和度はCMSで80.2% ± 3.6%に対して正常では86.8% ± 1.7%。
(2)AHIは全身血圧と直接関連していた (r = 0.5216; P = .001) 。
肺動脈圧とも直接関連していた(r = 0.4497; P = .024)。
PFOがあると、よりひどいSDBが存在した(ありのAHIは 48.8 ± 24.7、なしのAHIは14.8 ± 7.3)。
<感想>
CMS患者は夜間の低酸素がひどく、血圧、肺動脈圧が上昇しているようです。
PFOがあるとより重症になることもわかりました。
Background Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is often associated with vascular dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) frequently occurs at high altitude. At low altitude, SDB causes vascular dysfunction. Moreover, in SDB, transient elevations of right-sided cardiac pressure may cause right-to-left shunting in the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and, in turn, further aggravate hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension. We speculated that SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia are more pronounced in patients with CMS compared with healthy high-altitude dwellers, and are related to vascular dysfunction.
Methods We performed overnight sleep recordings, and measured systemic and pulmonary artery pressure in 23 patients with CMS (mean ± SD age, 52.8 ± 9.8 y) and 12 healthy control subjects (47.8 ± 7.8 y) at 3,600 m. In a subgroup of 15 subjects with SDB, we assessed the presence of a PFO with transesophageal echocardiography.
Results The major new findings were that in patients with CMS, (1) SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia was more severe (P < .01) than in control subjects (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], 38.9 ± 25.5 vs 14.3 ± 7.8 number of events per hour [nb/h]; arterial oxygen saturation, 80.2% ± 3.6% vs 86.8% ± 1.7%, CMS vs control group), and (2) AHI was directly correlated with systemic blood pressure (r = 0.5216; P = .001) and pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.4497; P = .024). PFO was associated with more severe SDB (AHI, 48.8 ± 24.7 vs 14.8 ± 7.3 nb/h; P = .013, PFO vs no PFO) and hypoxemia.
Conclusions SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia are more severe in patients with CMS than in control subjects and are associated with systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. The presence of a PFO appeared to further aggravate SDB. Closure of the PFO may improve SDB, hypoxemia, and vascular dysfunction in patients with CMS.
Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01182792; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov;