（90）西都原古墳群特集・①第1古墳群
（1号墳→72号墳→13号墳）
(90) Special feature on the Saitobaru Kofun Group (1) The 1st Kofun Tumulus Group (Tumulus No.1→Tumulus No.72→Tumulus No.13)
今回から西都原古墳群を第1・第2・第3古墳群ごとに、
写真を治めた古墳のみご紹介したいと思います。
Starting this time, I would like to introduce the Saitobaru Kofun Tumulus Group by the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Kofun Tumulus Groups, and only the tumuli that I have managed to photograph.
西都原古墳群とは
南九州の太平洋側、現在の宮崎県日向（ひゅうが）地域にある。
前方後円墳31基、円墳279基、方墳1基、地下式横穴墓11基、横穴墓12基の古墳が
4～7世紀前半にかけて築造されたと推定されている。
これほど大規模な古墳群は他にないのでは！
また同古墳群はヤマト政権の傘下にある地域豪族の墳形の象徴である
典型的な前方後円墳と、前方後円形が定まる前の古墳時代前期に多く見られる
「柄鏡形」（前方部が低く細長い）がほぼ同時期に築造されているとのこと。
What are the Saitobaru Kofun Tumulus Group?
The Saitobaru Kofun Tumulus Group is located on the Pacific side of southern Kyushu, in the Hyuga region of present-day Miyazaki Prefecture.
It is estimated that 31 anterior and posterior circle tombs, 279 round tombs, 1 square tomb, 11 underground side-hole tombs, and 12 side-hole tombs were built between the 4th and early 7th centuries.
There is probably no other such large-scale tumulus group!
In addition, the same tomb mounds were constructed at about the same time as the typical anterior and posterior round tombs, which symbolize the tomb forms of the local powerful clans under the Yamato regime, and the "scapular" tomb mounds (with a low, elongated front part), which are often seen in the early Kofun period before the anterior and posterior round tombs were established.
第1古墳群・1号古墳
13号墳の後円部から見た1号墳
発掘調査報告書等を見つけられなかった。
写真も遠方からのご紹介ですが、墳形は柄鏡形前方後円墳で、
長さは50ｍ以上と推定される。
築造は第一古墳墳で一番古いというからには4世紀中ごろということか？
First Tumulus Group, No. 1 Tumulus
I was unable to find any excavation reports.
The photo is also from a distance, but the shape of the tomb is a forward and backward circular tomb with a scapular shape, and it is estimated to be over 50 meters long.
It is said to be the oldest of the first burial mounds, so does that mean it was built in the middle of the 4th century?
第1古墳群・72号墳（別名・一本松塚古墳）
柄鏡式前方後円墳
長さ79ｍ 後円部直径50ｍ・後円部高さ7.4ｍ・前方部高さ4.6ｍ
二段構築で葺石あり、造り出しはないが周壕あり
築造はAC360年～390年ごろ（4世紀末ごろ）
埋葬施設は後円部の磯床から直刀、粘土槨から直刀・剣・方格規矩鏡、
槨外から土器が出土。
また前方部の磯床からは剣・鉄鏃が、粘土槨から直刀・鉄鏃が出土。
First Kofun Tumulus Group, Mound No. 72 (also known as Ipponmatsuzuka Kofun)
Front and back round burial mound of the patterned mirror type
Length: 79m, diameter of the back-round: 50m, height of the back-round: 7.4m, height of the front-round: 4.6m
Two-tiered construction with thatched stones, no built-up area but with a shelter.
Built around 360-390 AC (around the end of the 4th century)
As for burial facilities, a straight sword was excavated from the burial chamber, a straight sword, a sword and a rectangular mirror from the clay burial chamber, and pottery from outside the burial chamber. Swords and iron arrowheads were excavated from the anterior burial chamber, and straight swords and iron arrowheads were excavated from the clay burial chamber.
第1古墳群・13号墳（50回でご紹介済み）
柄鏡型前方後円墳
後円部の高さに比べ前方部は低く長いのが特徴
墳丘は築造当時の形に復元されている。
後円・前方ともに3段築成で、段は連続している
長さ79.4 m、後円部の直径43.2ｍ・高さ7.2ｍ、前方部の長さ38.6ｍ・幅25ｍ
埋葬施設は竪穴式の粘土槨
出土物は、三角縁神獣鏡1面、翡翠製勾玉２点、碧玉製管玉40点余り、ガラス製小玉多数、鉄剣、刀子、棺材と思われる木片等
築造はAC36年～390年ごろ（４世紀後葉頃）
Tumulus No. 13, 1st burial mound group (already introduced in Vol. 50)
Mirror-shaped posterior frontal mound
The front part of the mound is low and long compared to the height of the back part.
The mound has been restored to its original shape at the time of its construction.
Both the posterior and anterior sections are built in three stages, and the stages are continuous.
Length: 79.4 m, diameter of the posterior circle: 43.2 m, height: 7.2 m, length of the anterior circle: 38.6 m, width: 25 m
The burial facility is a pit-type clay burial chamber.
Finds include a triangular-rimmed mirror, two jade beads, more than 40 jasper beads, many small glass beads, an iron sword, a sword, and a piece of wood that may have been used as coffin material.
Constructed around 36-390 AC (late 4th century).
次回は第1古墳群・35号墳→46号墳
Next time: The 1st Kofun Tumulus Group, Mound No. 35 → Mound No. 46
引用／現地説明版・一般財団法人みやざき公園協会「特別史跡公園西都原古墳群」HP・全国遺跡報告総覧
Reference: Local explanation, Miyazaki Park Association "Special Historic Site Park Seitobaru Tumulus Group" HP, Nationwide Site Report General Guide
翻訳／Deep Pro