(84)岡山県・吉備の造山(つくりやま)古墳(約350m・全国4位)


(84) The Tsukuriyama Tumulus in Kibi, Okayama Prefecture (about 350 meters, 4th in Japan)


造山(つくりやま)古墳は、自由に立ち入れる古墳。


小川沿いの駐車場(駐輪場)から住宅地を抜けると眼前に巨大な山が現れる。

 

 


階段から振りかえると29mの高さがわかる

 

階段を上りつめたところから後円部を見る

 

階段を上り詰めるとくびれ部の上に出る。前方部から後円部まで自由に行き来できるが、木が伐採されているので、後円部の頂から巨大な全景をとらえることが可能。


After passing through a residential area from the parking lot (bicycle parking lot) along the creek, a huge mountain appears in front of you.
After climbing up the stairs, you will come to a narrow part of the mountain. You can freely come and go from the front part to the back part of the mountain, but since the trees have been cut down, it is possible to capture the whole huge view from the top of the back part.


自由に立ち入れる古墳として全国一の巨大前方後円墳(約350m)で、

大阪の大仙陵古墳(約486m)、誉田御廟山古墳(約420m)、上石津ミサンザイ古墳(約360m)に次ぐ全国第4位の規模


The Tsukuriyama burial mound is the largest anterior-posterior round burial mound (approx. 350 m) in Japan as a burial mound that can be accessed freely, and the fourth largest in Japan after the Daisenryo burial mound in Osaka (approx. 486 m), the Honda Gobyozan burial mound (approx. 420 m), and the Kamiishizu Misanzai burial mound (approx. 360 m).



後円部の頂は戦国時代に削平されている

 

 

特徴は墳丘の長さ約350mに対して

後円部の直径が約224mと割合的に大きいことが挙げられる。


It is characterized by the fact that the diameter of the posterior part of the mound is approximately 224m, compared to the length of the mound, which is approximately 350m.



後円部頂から巨大な全景が見渡せる

 

 

後円部高さは約29m・前方部幅は215mで高さ25m


The height of the posterior part is about 29m and the width of the anterior part is 215m with a height of 25m.



この古墳は低い丘陵を切断し、土盛りや削平などを施して三段築成されている


This tomb was built in three stages by cutting a low hill, filling it with earth, and cutting it flat.



 

くびれ部両側に「造り出し」があり、墳丘表面は葺石され、

格段に円筒埴輪がめぐっていた。
幅20mの周壕が確認されている。

形象埴輪では後円部から盾・靫・衣笠・家などが採取されている。

The mound was built on both sides of the neck, and the surface of the mound was covered with thatched stones and cylindrical clay wheels.
A 20m wide shelter has been confirmed.
In terms of figurative Haniwa, shields, pitchers, clothes hats, and houses were collected from the rear part of the mound.

 




前方部に置かれている刳り抜き式舟形石棺は、阿蘇溶結凝灰岩でできており、

外側の長さ2.39m・最大幅が1.11m・高さ0.75m以上、

内側は長さが1.93m・幅0.75m・深さ0.58m
蓋の内面には赤色顔料が塗られており、

小口側の面には直弧紋とみられる線刻が残っている。
こした点から吉備と九州の関係の強さを示す重要な証拠となっている。


The gouged-out boat-shaped sarcophagus in the front section is made of Aso Lava Tuff, and the outer part is 2.39m long, 1.11m wide, and over 0.75m high, while the inner part is 1.93m long, 0.75m wide, and 0.58m deep.
The inner surface of the lid is coated with red pigment, and there are line engravings on the small side that appear to be straight arcs.
This is important evidence of the strong relationship between Kibi and Kyushu.



しかし一度も本格的な学術調査は行われていないため、

築造当時の規模や埋葬施設は明らかになっていない。


However, since no full-scale scientific research has been conducted, the scale of the site at the time of construction and the burial facilities have not been clarified.



なお、この古墳には榊山古墳、千足古墳など6基の陪塚(ばいづか)がある。


In addition, there are six jury mounds in this tomb.



築造は埴輪などからAC410-440年ごろ(5世紀前半・古墳時代中期)と推定


It is estimated to have been built around 410-440 AC (first half of the 5th century, mid-Kofun period) based on haniwa (clay figurines).



被葬者は「ヤマト王権に拮抗する勢力首長」「ヤマト王権と連合した倭王のうちの一人」「吉備氏の遠祖・御友別命(みともわけのみこと)」などの説あり。


There are several theories as to who was buried in the mound, such as "the leader of a power that opposed the Yamato Kingdom," "one of the Japanese kings who allied with the Yamato Kingdom," and "Mitomowake-no-mikoto, a distant ancestor of the Kibi clan.

 




引用/現地案内板(岡山市教育委員会)、岡山観光WEB、ウィキペディア


Reference: Local information board (Okayama City Board of Education), Okayama Sightseeing Web, Wikipedia


Translation: DeepL Pro