（80）今回ご紹介するのは・・・
（80）This time I would like to introduce...
京都府向日市向日町北山にある
元稲荷古墳（国の史跡・西求女塚古墳と双子）
The Motoinari burial mound in Kitayama, Muko-cho, Muko City, Kyoto Prefecture (National Historic Site, twin of the Nishimotomezuka burial mound)
同古墳は、京都盆地が一望できる桂川右岸の
向日丘陵の先端部にある全長約94ｍの前方後方墳で、
南北方向を主軸として前方部を南方に向ける
The tomb is a 94-meter-long posterior and anterior mound located at the tip of the Muko Hill on the right bank of the Katsura River, overlooking the Kyoto Basin.
くびれ部から後方部への立ち上がり
後方部は3段築成で長さ約50ｍ・高さ約7ｍ、
後方部より前方部を望む
前方部の角
前方部は2段築成で長さ約43ｍ・高さ約4ｍ
中央に明確なくびれ部
くびれ部24ｍ
側面の形は「ハ」の字型におおきく直線的に広がる。
The back part is about 50 m long and 7 m high,
the front part is about 43 m long and 4 m high, and the neck is 24 m long.
The sides spread out in a large straight line in the shape of a "ハ".
墳丘全体には小畑川の礫による葺石
The entire mound is covered with thatched stones made of gravel from the Obata River.
埴輪は前方部と後方部の中央に壺と器台のセットが並べられ、
さらに後方部では讃岐由来の大型二重口縁（にじゅうこうえん）壺がそなえられていた。
The front and back sections of the haniwa were lined with a set of jars and a set of vessel bases.
In the back part, there was a large double-lipped jar of Sanuki origin.
後方部頂には何かの施設が建っている
積石による家型の石槨
埋葬施設は後方部中央にあり、全長5.6ｍ・幅1.0-1.3ｍ・高さ1.9ｍの竪穴式石槨で、
割竹形木棺が納められていた。
石槨は、板石で家型に積み上げられ、11枚の天井石で覆われていた。
The burial chamber was located in the center of the rear section and was a pit-type stone burial chamber with a length of 5.6m, width of 1.0-1.3m and height of 1.9m, which contained a wooden coffin of split bamboo shape.
The stone burial chamber was piled up with stones in the shape of a house and covered with 11 ceiling stones.
出土物は刀・剣・槍・斧・矢じりのほか土師器直口壺
Swords, swords, spears, axes, arrowheads and earthenware vases were excavated.
築造はAC260-290年ごろ（3世紀後半）
It was built around 260-290 AC (late 3rd century).
近くには、（24）でご紹介した最古級の前方後円墳「五塚原古墳」があるが、
元稲荷古墳が前方後方形である点で、五塚原古墳とは異なり
ヤマト王権に対して高い自立性を持った様子が指摘されている。
また同時代築造の西求女塚（にしもとめづか）古墳（神戸市・国の史跡）と同型同規模
Although there is no qualitative difference between this burial mound and the Gozukahara burial mound, which is one of the oldest anterior-posterior round burial mounds, introduced in (24), the fact that the Motoinari burial mound is an anterior-posterior square suggests that, unlike the Gozukahara burial mound, it had a high degree of independence from the Yamato royal authority.
In addition, it is of the same type and size as the Nishimotome-zuka burial mound (a national historic site in Kobe City), which was built in the same period.
なお「元稲荷」の名は、後方部頂上にかつて向日神社の稲荷社があったことに由来する。
The name "Moto-Inari" comes from the fact that there used to be an Inari shrine of the Muko Shrine at the top of the rear section.
引用／現地案内板（向日市）、京都府向日市歴史・観光サイト、ウィキペディア
Reference: Local information board (Muko City), Kyoto Prefecture Muko City History and Tourism Site, Wikipedia
Translation: DeepL Pro