(77)今回ご紹介するのは・・・
(77)This time I would like to introduce...
千葉県印旛郡にある国の史跡・
岩屋古墳(龍角寺古墳群・105号墳)
Iwaya Tumulus (Ryukakuji Tumulus Group, Tumulus No. 105), a national historic site located in Inba-gun, Chiba Prefecture
墳丘は3段築成で一段目と二段目が低く三段目が高くなっている。
The mound is built in three stages, the first and second stages being low and the third stage being high.
一辺78m、高さは13.2m、南側を除く三方に幅3mの周溝と周堤が巡っている。
全体規模は110メートル四方に達する。
It is 78 m on a side and 13.2 m high, with 3 m wide circumferential ditches and embankments on three sides except the south side.
The total size of the tomb reaches 110 meters square.
この時期の方墳としては全国最大級の規模であり、古墳時代を通しても5世紀前半に造営されたと考えられる奈良県橿原市の桝山古墳に次ぐ、第二位の規模の方墳である。
It is one of the largest burial mounds of this period in Japan, and the second largest burial mound in the Kofun period after the Masuyama burial mound in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, which is thought to have been constructed in the first half of the 5th century.
墳頂平坦面は17m×19m
The flat surface of the mound is 17m x 19m.
「国指定史跡 岩屋古墳現地説明会資料」(栄町教育委員会・印旛郡市文化財センター)
2008年の測量調査により、墳丘南側の谷側から墳丘に向かって、
古墳築造時の物資搬入路もしくは古墳完成後の墓道、祭祀場に利用されたと考えられる
舌状台地(斜路)が確認された。
A survey conducted in 2008 confirmed a tongue-shaped overhang (ramp) from the valley side of the southern side of the mound toward the mound, which is thought to have been used as a delivery route for goods during the construction of the mound, or as a tomb road or ritual site after the mound was completed.
南面には2基の横穴式石室が10メートル間隔で並び、
ともに羨道をもたない両袖式の玄室だけの構造
On the south side of the tomb, there are two side-hole stone chambers lined up at intervals of 10 meters.
◆埋葬施設 東石室
切石積みの横穴式石室
(全長6.45m 両袖式 玄室長5m 奥壁幅2.41m 中央部幅1.64m 玄門部幅1.14m 高さ3m前後)
石室は「裏込め」という白色粘土でくるむように覆われ、
雨水の侵入と石室補強が行われている。
前庭部には閫(しきみ)石(追葬のためのまたぐ石)があり筑波石の割石が敷設
Burial Facilities East stone chamber
East stone chamber (6.45m long, double-sleeved, 5m long, 2.41m wide at the back wall, 1.64m wide at the center, 1.14m wide at the entrance, around 3m high)
The stone chamber is covered with white clay called "backfill" to prevent rainwater from entering and to reinforce the stone chamber.
The stone chamber is covered with white clay called "backfill" to prevent rainwater from entering and to reinforce the stone chamber. In the front yard, there is a stone for funeral rites and a broken stone made of Tsukuba stone.
西石室
切石積みの横穴式石室 (全長4.8m 両袖式 玄室長4.18m 奥壁幅1.64m 玄門部幅1.38m 高さ2.2m前後)、東石室と似たような造りとなっている閫石がない。
West Stone Chamber
(4.8m in length, 4.18m in length, 4.18m in length, 1.64m in width at the back wall, 1.38m in width at the front gate, around 2.2m in height), similar to the east stone chamber but without stones.
岩屋古墳からはこれまでのところ副葬品は全く出土していない。
No burial accessories have been excavated from the Iwaya burial mound so far.
築造 AC610-650年ごろ(古墳時代終末期)と推定され
(20)でご紹介した浅間山古墳(前方後円墳)の後に造営された。
It is estimated to have been built around 610-650 AC (the end of the Kofun period), and was constructed after the Asamayama tumulus (a post-frontal round tomb) introduced in (20).
1300年前に畿内の天皇陵を上回る岩屋方墳を造ることのできた豪族は、同時期に創建された竜角寺(蘇我氏由来の山田寺の軒丸瓦の文様と類似)の関係から、中央の有力豪族・蘇我氏一族との結び付きが強かった埴生郡司(はにゅうぐんじ・中央から派遣された国司の下で郡を治める地方官)の大生部(おおうべ)氏であった可能性が高いと考えられている。
The powerful clan that was able to build the Iwaya tumulus 1,300 years ago, which surpassed the emperor's mausoleum in the Kinai region, was the Ohube clan, a local official who ruled the county under the Soga clan, a powerful clan in the center of Japan, who had strong ties with the Ryukakuji temple, which was built at the same time (similar to the tiles of the Yamada temple, which originated from the Soga clan). It is thought to have been most likely the Oube clan.
引用/現地案内板・「国指定史跡 岩屋古墳現地説明会資料」(栄町教育委員会・印旛郡市文化財センター)・芝山町立芝山古墳はにわ博物館HP・ウィキペディア
翻訳/DeepL Pro