今回ご紹介するのは・・・
This time, I'd like to introduce...
鹿児島県霧島市国分にある伝説の「隼人塚」 （19）
Hayato Mound" in Kokubu, Kirishima City, Kagoshima Prefecture
大正10年に古事記・日本書紀・風土記に記載されている古代南九州の住民のクマソ・隼人の反乱（養老4年・AC720年）に関係ある史跡に指定された
In 1921, it was designated as a historical site related to the rebellion of the Kumaso Hayato, who were the inhabitants of ancient southern Kyushu (Yoro 4, 720 A.C.), as described in Kojiki, Nihonshoki, and Fudoki.
隼人の反乱とはなんだったのか？
What was the Hayato rebellion?
隼人の人々は、朝廷への朝貢（貢物と6年の労働）を強いられるなど不満を募らせるなか、720年2月に大隅国守（おおすみこくのかみ）を殺害。
As the Hayato people became increasingly dissatisfied with the tribute (tribute and six years of labor) they were forced to pay to the imperial court, they killed the Osumi provincial governor in February 720.
朝廷は大伴旅人を征隼人持節大将軍として、総勢1万人以上の軍隊を編成して派遣。
The imperial court dispatched an army of more than 10,000 men, with Otomo Tabito as the conqueror.
翌721年7月、隼人は「斬首獲虜合千四百余人」（約1400人の死者と捕虜）という被害をうけ、1年数か月に及ぶ戦いは終結した。
In July 721, the following year, the Hayato suffered "more than 1,400 beheadings and prisoners of war" (about 1,400 dead and 1,400 prisoners of war), and the battle that lasted a year and several months came to an end.
「隼人塚」建立年代に関する従来の説
Conventional theories on the date of the Hayato mound's construction
（１）和銅元年（AC708年）説
大和朝廷に反抗し、殺された隼人の霊を供養するために建てられたという古文書・伝承等に由来
(1) Wado first year (708 AC) theory
According to ancient documents and traditions, the mound was built as a memorial to the souls of Hayato, who were killed for rebelling against the Yamato Imperial Court.
（２）平安時代後期説
形態が似通っている大隅国分寺跡の六重石塔に彫られた年号「康治元年」（AC1142年）に近いころ造られた
(2) Late Heian period theory
The pagoda was built around the first year of the Koji era (1142 AC), the year carved on the six-story pagoda of the Osumi Kokubunji Temple site, which has a similar shape.
（３）寄せ集め説・移転説
明治初年に廃仏毀釈により壊されたものを寄せ集めた。また「天保14年（1843年）の「三国名勝図絵」に国分市の重久に「隼人塚」があると記され、そこから移転した。
(3) Gathering theory and relocation theory
The pagoda was destroyed in the early Meiji period (1868-1912) due to the abolition of Buddhism. In addition, it was relocated from Shigehisa in Kokubu City, where a mound of Hayato was described in the "Illustrated Guide to the Three Provinces" in 1843.
発掘調査や修復の結果わかったこと
What we have learned as a result of excavation and restoration
（１）石塔はもともと多重石塔3基、四天王石造4体が立っていた
(1) Originally, there were three multiple stone pagodas and four stone structures of the Four Heavenly Kings
（２）建造年代は平安時代（AC1000年代）である
(2) The pagoda was built in the Heian period (1000s AC).
こうした結果から708年や721年頃に死者の供養のために直接建てられたものではなさそうですが、まだまだ謎は解明されていないようです。
Based on these results, it seems that the pagoda was not built directly for memorial services for the dead around 708 or 721, but the mystery still remains to be solved.
私が以前撮った修復前の写真
Photo before restoration
平成11年以降
石塔3基が五重塔に復元
石造4体も復元され石塔四方に配置
塚本体も楕円形から方形に復元された
Since 1999, three stone towers have been restored as five-story towers, and four stone structures have been restored and placed on the four sides of the towers.
引用／霧島市立隼人塚史跡館・現地説明版より
Reference: From the Kirishima City Hayatozuka Historic Site Museum, local explanation version
翻訳／DeepL翻訳
Translation: DeepL