＜仮定法＞
① 鳥のように飛べればいいのに.
② もし私が鳥ならば, あなたのところへ飛んで行くのに.
③ 昨日, 彼女に会っていたらなあ。
（昨日、彼女に会えなかったのは残念です）
④ 昨日、彼女に会えたら、うれしかったのに。
⑤ 何でも知っているかのように話す。
⑥ 彼女はまるで幽霊でも見たかのような顔をしていた。
⑦ 万一私が死んだら, 家族はどうするだろうか。
⑧ 仮に太陽が西から昇るようなことがあっても, 私の決心は変わらない。
⑨ あなたの助けがなければ, 私は成功しないでしょう。
⑩ あなたの助けがなければ, 私は成功しなかったでしょう。
⑪ 賢い人ならそんなことはしないだろう。
⑫ 賢い人ならそんなことはしなかっただろう。
⑬ 彼女が英語を話すのを聞けば、彼女をアメリカ人だと思うかもしれない。
⑭ 私が君の立場なら, そうしないだろう。
⑮ 私が君の立場なら, そうしなかっただろう。
＜仮定法＞
① I wish we could fly like a bird.
② If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
③ I wish I had seen her yesterday.
= I am sorry I didn't see her yesterday.
④ If I had seen her yesterday, I would have been happy.
⑤ He (She) speaks as if he (she) knew everything.
⑥ She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
⑦ What would (will) my family do, if I should die?
⑧ If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind.
⑨ a) Without your help, I would not succeed.
b) But for your help, I would not succeed.
c) If it were not for your help, I would not succeed.
d)Were it not for your help, I would not succeed.
⑩ a) Without your help, I would not have succeeded.
b) But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
c) If it had not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.
d) Had it not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.
⑪ A wise person would not do such a thing.
⑫ A wise person would not have done such a thing.
⑬ To hear her speak English, you might take her for an American.
= If you heard her speak English, you might take her for an American.
⑭ If I were in your place, I would not do so.
= Were I in your place, I would not do so.
⑮ If I had been in your place, I would not have done do.
= Had I been in your place, I would not have done do.
＜句と節＞
① 今何をすべきかわからない。
② 今日することがたくさんある。
③ ロンドンに滞在中に、彼は彼女と知り合った。
④ カナダに住むペンフレンドがいる。
⑤ あなたがベストを尽くすことを期待している。
⑥ この本は難しすぎて私には理解できない。
① 机の上の本は私のです。
② その本は机の上にある。
③ その本はとても価値がある。
④ 私たちは勉強するために学校に行っている。
＜句と節＞
① I don't know what to do now
= I don’t know what I should do.
② I have a lot of things to do today.
= I have a lot of things that I must do today.
③ Staying in London, he came to know her.
= While he was staying in London, he came to know her.
④ I have a pen pal who lives in Canada.
= I have a pen pal living in Canada.
⑤ I expect that you will do your best.
= I expect you to do your best.
⑥ This book is so difficult that I can't understand it.
= This book is too difficult for me to understand.
① The book on the desk is mine.
② The book is on the desk.
③ The book is of great value.= very valuable
④ We go to school to study.
1) We go to school in order (so as) to study. 副詞句
2) We go to school for the purpose of studying. 副詞句
3) We go to school so that we can study. 副詞節
＜時制の一致＞
１）彼は忙しいと言っている
２）彼は忙しいと言っていた
３）昨日は忙しかったと彼は言った
① 今日やるべきことがたくさんあると私は思った。
② 彼女は明日ハイキングに行くと言った。
③ 彼女は私に手伝ってほしいと言った。
④ 彼女は彼と結婚するかもしれないと思っていた。
⑤ 彼女は彼とデートした夢を見た。
⑥ コペルニクス(Copernicus)が地球が回っていると言った。
⑦ コロンブス(Columbus)がアメリカを発見したことを学んだ。
⑧ 翼があれば飛ぶことできるのにと彼女は言った。
⑨ 彼女は鳥ならいいのにと思った。
⑩ お金を持っていたらそれを買ったのにと彼女は言った。
⑪ 彼はそのことを知っているような話しぶりだった。
＜時制の一致＞
１）He says that he is busy.
２）He said that he was busy.
３）He said that he had been busy the day before.
① I thought that I had a lot of things to do that day.
② She said that she would go hiking the next day.
③ She said that she wanted me to help her.
④ She thought that she might get married to him.
⑤ She dreamed that she had had a date with him.
⑥ Copernicus said that the earth goes around.
⑦ We learned that Columbus discovered America.
⑧ She said that if she had wings she could fly.
= She said, “If I had wings, I could fly.”
⑨ She thought she wished she were a bird.
= She thought, “I wish I were a bird.”
⑩ She said that if she had had money she would have bought it.
= She said, “If I had had money, I would have bought it.”
⑪ He talked as if he knew about it.
＜話法＞
１）彼は、彼女は遅いねと言った
２）彼はとても忙しいと言った
① 彼は私にスポーツが好きだと言った。
② 彼は私にスポーツが好きですかと言った。
③ 彼は私にどんなスポーツが好きですかと言った。
④ 私は彼に明日出かけると言った。
⑤ 彼は私に今日どこに行くのかと聞いた。
⑥ 私は彼に昨日彼女に会ったと言った。
⑦ 母は私に勉強しなさいとよく言う。
⑧ 母は私に手伝ってほしいと言った。
⑨ 彼女はなんて美しい夕日なんだろうと言った。
⑩ 彼女は外はなんて暑いんだろうと言った。
⑪ その知らせを聞いてどんなに悲しい思いをしたかは言えない。
⑫ 彼は残念だけど行けないと言った。
⑬ 彼は私に忙しいので行けないと言った。
＜話法＞
１）He said, “She is late.”
= He said that she was late.
２）He said, “I am very busy.”
= He said that he was very busy
① He told me that he liked sports.
= He said to me, “I like sports.”
② He asked me if I liked sports.
= He said to me, “Do you like sports ?”
③ He asked me what sports I liked.
= He said to me, “What sports do you like ?”
④ I told him that I would go out the next day.
= I said to him, “I will go out tomorrow.”
⑤ He asked me where I was going that day.
= He said to me, “Where are you going today ?”
⑥ I told him that I had seen her the day before.
= I said to him, “I saw her yesterday.”
⑦ My mother often tells me to study.
= My mother often says to me, “Study.”
⑧ My mother asked me to help her.
= My mother said to me, “Please help me.”
⑨ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful sunset.
= She said, “What a beautiful sunset !”
⑩ She said that it was very hot outside.
= She said, “How hot it is outside !”
⑪ I can’t tell you how sad I was to hear the news.
= I can’t say to you, “How sad I was to hear the news !”
⑫ He said (that) he was sorry, but that he couldn't go.
= He said, “I am sorry, but I can’t go.”
⑬ He told me that he couldn't go because he was busy.
= He said to me, “I can’t go because I am busy.”
① 鳥のように飛べればいいのに.
② もし私が鳥ならば, あなたのところへ飛んで行くのに.
③ 昨日, 彼女に会っていたらなあ。
（昨日、彼女に会えなかったのは残念です）
④ 昨日、彼女に会えたら、うれしかったのに。
⑤ 何でも知っているかのように話す。
⑥ 彼女はまるで幽霊でも見たかのような顔をしていた。
⑦ 万一私が死んだら, 家族はどうするだろうか。
⑧ 仮に太陽が西から昇るようなことがあっても, 私の決心は変わらない。
⑨ あなたの助けがなければ, 私は成功しないでしょう。
⑩ あなたの助けがなければ, 私は成功しなかったでしょう。
⑪ 賢い人ならそんなことはしないだろう。
⑫ 賢い人ならそんなことはしなかっただろう。
⑬ 彼女が英語を話すのを聞けば、彼女をアメリカ人だと思うかもしれない。
⑭ 私が君の立場なら, そうしないだろう。
⑮ 私が君の立場なら, そうしなかっただろう。
＜仮定法＞
① I wish we could fly like a bird.
② If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
③ I wish I had seen her yesterday.
= I am sorry I didn't see her yesterday.
④ If I had seen her yesterday, I would have been happy.
⑤ He (She) speaks as if he (she) knew everything.
⑥ She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
⑦ What would (will) my family do, if I should die?
⑧ If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind.
⑨ a) Without your help, I would not succeed.
b) But for your help, I would not succeed.
c) If it were not for your help, I would not succeed.
d)Were it not for your help, I would not succeed.
⑩ a) Without your help, I would not have succeeded.
b) But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
c) If it had not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.
d) Had it not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.
⑪ A wise person would not do such a thing.
⑫ A wise person would not have done such a thing.
⑬ To hear her speak English, you might take her for an American.
= If you heard her speak English, you might take her for an American.
⑭ If I were in your place, I would not do so.
= Were I in your place, I would not do so.
⑮ If I had been in your place, I would not have done do.
= Had I been in your place, I would not have done do.
＜句と節＞
① 今何をすべきかわからない。
② 今日することがたくさんある。
③ ロンドンに滞在中に、彼は彼女と知り合った。
④ カナダに住むペンフレンドがいる。
⑤ あなたがベストを尽くすことを期待している。
⑥ この本は難しすぎて私には理解できない。
① 机の上の本は私のです。
② その本は机の上にある。
③ その本はとても価値がある。
④ 私たちは勉強するために学校に行っている。
＜句と節＞
① I don't know what to do now
= I don’t know what I should do.
② I have a lot of things to do today.
= I have a lot of things that I must do today.
③ Staying in London, he came to know her.
= While he was staying in London, he came to know her.
④ I have a pen pal who lives in Canada.
= I have a pen pal living in Canada.
⑤ I expect that you will do your best.
= I expect you to do your best.
⑥ This book is so difficult that I can't understand it.
= This book is too difficult for me to understand.
① The book on the desk is mine.
② The book is on the desk.
③ The book is of great value.= very valuable
④ We go to school to study.
1) We go to school in order (so as) to study. 副詞句
2) We go to school for the purpose of studying. 副詞句
3) We go to school so that we can study. 副詞節
＜時制の一致＞
１）彼は忙しいと言っている
２）彼は忙しいと言っていた
３）昨日は忙しかったと彼は言った
① 今日やるべきことがたくさんあると私は思った。
② 彼女は明日ハイキングに行くと言った。
③ 彼女は私に手伝ってほしいと言った。
④ 彼女は彼と結婚するかもしれないと思っていた。
⑤ 彼女は彼とデートした夢を見た。
⑥ コペルニクス(Copernicus)が地球が回っていると言った。
⑦ コロンブス(Columbus)がアメリカを発見したことを学んだ。
⑧ 翼があれば飛ぶことできるのにと彼女は言った。
⑨ 彼女は鳥ならいいのにと思った。
⑩ お金を持っていたらそれを買ったのにと彼女は言った。
⑪ 彼はそのことを知っているような話しぶりだった。
＜時制の一致＞
１）He says that he is busy.
２）He said that he was busy.
３）He said that he had been busy the day before.
① I thought that I had a lot of things to do that day.
② She said that she would go hiking the next day.
③ She said that she wanted me to help her.
④ She thought that she might get married to him.
⑤ She dreamed that she had had a date with him.
⑥ Copernicus said that the earth goes around.
⑦ We learned that Columbus discovered America.
⑧ She said that if she had wings she could fly.
= She said, “If I had wings, I could fly.”
⑨ She thought she wished she were a bird.
= She thought, “I wish I were a bird.”
⑩ She said that if she had had money she would have bought it.
= She said, “If I had had money, I would have bought it.”
⑪ He talked as if he knew about it.
＜話法＞
１）彼は、彼女は遅いねと言った
２）彼はとても忙しいと言った
① 彼は私にスポーツが好きだと言った。
② 彼は私にスポーツが好きですかと言った。
③ 彼は私にどんなスポーツが好きですかと言った。
④ 私は彼に明日出かけると言った。
⑤ 彼は私に今日どこに行くのかと聞いた。
⑥ 私は彼に昨日彼女に会ったと言った。
⑦ 母は私に勉強しなさいとよく言う。
⑧ 母は私に手伝ってほしいと言った。
⑨ 彼女はなんて美しい夕日なんだろうと言った。
⑩ 彼女は外はなんて暑いんだろうと言った。
⑪ その知らせを聞いてどんなに悲しい思いをしたかは言えない。
⑫ 彼は残念だけど行けないと言った。
⑬ 彼は私に忙しいので行けないと言った。
＜話法＞
１）He said, “She is late.”
= He said that she was late.
２）He said, “I am very busy.”
= He said that he was very busy
① He told me that he liked sports.
= He said to me, “I like sports.”
② He asked me if I liked sports.
= He said to me, “Do you like sports ?”
③ He asked me what sports I liked.
= He said to me, “What sports do you like ?”
④ I told him that I would go out the next day.
= I said to him, “I will go out tomorrow.”
⑤ He asked me where I was going that day.
= He said to me, “Where are you going today ?”
⑥ I told him that I had seen her the day before.
= I said to him, “I saw her yesterday.”
⑦ My mother often tells me to study.
= My mother often says to me, “Study.”
⑧ My mother asked me to help her.
= My mother said to me, “Please help me.”
⑨ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful sunset.
= She said, “What a beautiful sunset !”
⑩ She said that it was very hot outside.
= She said, “How hot it is outside !”
⑪ I can’t tell you how sad I was to hear the news.
= I can’t say to you, “How sad I was to hear the news !”
⑫ He said (that) he was sorry, but that he couldn't go.
= He said, “I am sorry, but I can’t go.”
⑬ He told me that he couldn't go because he was busy.
= He said to me, “I can’t go because I am busy.”