S：接続詞について教えて下さい。
T：等位接続詞の役割から話そう。
１） 語と語を対等に結ぶ
① 明美と恵子は仲のよい姉妹です｡
② 彼は若いが賢い｡
③ 日本とカナダとでは,どちらが大きいですか｡
２）句と句を対等に結ぶ
④ Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
⑤ I have come to Japan not only to teach English but also to learn Japanese.
⑥ To be or not to be ; that is the question.
３）節と節を対等に結ぶ
⑦ 急ぎなさい,そうすればバスに間に合うよ｡
⑧ 旅行したいのだが暇がない｡
⑨ 急ぎなさい,そうでないと学校に遅れるよ｡
⑩ 雨が降っていた,それで外出しなかった｡
⑪ 雨が降るでしょう｡ 暗くなってきたから｡
S：and, but , or, so, forの５つが等位接続詞ですか。
T：そうです。日本語を英語に、英語を日本語に直しなさい。
S：はい。
１）① Akemi and Keiko are good sisters.
② He is young but wise.
③ Which is larger, Japan or Canada ?
２）④ 早寝早起きは人を健康に,金持ちに,そしてまた賢明にする｡ 《諺》
⑤ 日本へは英語を教えるためではなく、日本語を学ぶために来た｡
⑥ 生きるか死ぬか,それが問題だ｡
３）⑦ Hurry up, and you'll catch the bus.
= If you hurry up, you'll catch the bus.
⑧ I would like to travel but I have no time to [do].
⑨ Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.
= If you don't hurry (up), you'll be late for school.
= Unless you hurry, you’ll be late for school.
⑩ It was raining, so I didn't go out.
⑪ It is going to rain, for it's getting dark.
T：Good job! 次に、基本的な相関接続詞を学習する。AとBに同じ品詞の働きをするものが来るのが原則です。
⑫ both A and B
彼女は英語とフランス語の両方とも話すことができる｡
⑬ not A but B
彼女が話すことができるのは中国語ではなくてフランス語です｡
⑭ not only A but also B (= B as well as A)
1) 彼女は英語だけでなくフランス語も話すことができる｡
2) 彼女は、日本へは英語を教えるためではなく、日本語を学ぶために来た｡
⑮ either A or B
彼女は中国語かフランス語のどちらかを話すことができる｡
⑯ neither A nor B (= not either A or B)
私は英語もフランス語もどちらも話すことができない｡
S：⑫ She can speak both English and French.
⑬ She can speak not Chinese but French.
⑭ 1) She can speak not only English but also French.
= She can speak French as well as English.
2) She has come to Japan not only to teach English but also to learn Japanese.
⑮ She can speak either Chinese or French.
⑯ I can speak neither English nor French.
= I cannot speak either English or French.
T：従位(従属)接続詞について学習しよう。節と節を結ぶ役割をする。
S：節はその中に、S + V構造を含むまとまりのことですね。
T：大事なポイントです。従位接続詞(従属接続詞)は、
１）名詞節を導く： that, if, whether
２）副詞節を導く： when, if, because, although, etc
S：名詞節を導く例からお願いします。
T：① 自分が間違っているのはわかっています｡
② 彼女が間違っているのは明らかだ｡
③ 私は彼女に,あなたが間違っていると言った｡
④ 実は私はそのことを知らなかった｡
⑤ 彼女は結婚している事実を隠していた｡
⑥ 彼女は結婚しているのかな｡
⑦ 彼は私にそのことを知っているかと尋ねた｡
S： ① I know that I am wrong.
② It is clear that she is wrong.
③ I told her that she was wrong.
④ The fact is that I didn't know about it.
⑤ She hid the fact that she was married.
⑥ I wonder if she is married.
= I wonder whether she is married.
⑦ He asked me if I knew about it.
= He asked me whether I knew about it.
T：You’re right.
S：副詞節について教えて下さい。
T：接続詞の意味から分類しておく。
1) 時 ：when / while / after / before / until, till / since / as / as soon as
2) 理由 ：because / since / as
3) 条件 ：if / unless
4) 譲歩 ：though / although / even if
5) 様態 ：as, like
6) 目的 ：so that A can〔will / may〕
7) 結果・程度：so ～ that / such ～ that
S：基本例題をお願いします。
T： ① 私は若い時、よくテニスをした｡
② 彼はフランスにいる間、絵を勉強した｡
③ 彼が来るまで待とう｡
④ 私が日本に来てから３年になる。
⑤ 駅に着いたらすぐに電話してください｡
⑥ 風邪をひいていたので、学校を休んだ｡
⑦ もし明日天気がよければ、ハイキングに行きましょう｡
⑧ 雨が降っていたけれど、買い物に行った｡
⑨ 私は言われたとおりにそれをやった｡
⑩ 私はバスに間に合うように早く出た｡
⑪ 彼女はとても親切なので、みんなから好かれている｡
S： ① When I was young, I often played tennis.
② While he was staying in France, he studied paintings.
= During his stay in France, he studied paintings.
③ Let's wait until he comes.
④ Three years have passed since I came to Japan.
= It has been three years since I came to Japan.
⑤ Please call me as soon as you get to the station.
⑥ I was absent from school because I had a cold.
⑦ Let's go hiking if it is fine tomorrow.
⑧ I went shopping though it was raining.
= Although it was raining, I went shopping.
= In spite of the rain, I went shopping.
⑨ I did it as I was told to.
= I did it like I was told to.
⑩ I left early so that I could catch the bus.
⑪ She is so kind that she is liked by everyone.
= She is such a kind girl that she is liked by everyone.
= She is kind enough to be liked by everyone.
T：等位接続詞の役割から話そう。
１） 語と語を対等に結ぶ
① 明美と恵子は仲のよい姉妹です｡
② 彼は若いが賢い｡
③ 日本とカナダとでは,どちらが大きいですか｡
２）句と句を対等に結ぶ
④ Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
⑤ I have come to Japan not only to teach English but also to learn Japanese.
⑥ To be or not to be ; that is the question.
３）節と節を対等に結ぶ
⑦ 急ぎなさい,そうすればバスに間に合うよ｡
⑧ 旅行したいのだが暇がない｡
⑨ 急ぎなさい,そうでないと学校に遅れるよ｡
⑩ 雨が降っていた,それで外出しなかった｡
⑪ 雨が降るでしょう｡ 暗くなってきたから｡
S：and, but , or, so, forの５つが等位接続詞ですか。
T：そうです。日本語を英語に、英語を日本語に直しなさい。
S：はい。
１）① Akemi and Keiko are good sisters.
② He is young but wise.
③ Which is larger, Japan or Canada ?
２）④ 早寝早起きは人を健康に,金持ちに,そしてまた賢明にする｡ 《諺》
⑤ 日本へは英語を教えるためではなく、日本語を学ぶために来た｡
⑥ 生きるか死ぬか,それが問題だ｡
３）⑦ Hurry up, and you'll catch the bus.
= If you hurry up, you'll catch the bus.
⑧ I would like to travel but I have no time to [do].
⑨ Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.
= If you don't hurry (up), you'll be late for school.
= Unless you hurry, you’ll be late for school.
⑩ It was raining, so I didn't go out.
⑪ It is going to rain, for it's getting dark.
T：Good job! 次に、基本的な相関接続詞を学習する。AとBに同じ品詞の働きをするものが来るのが原則です。
⑫ both A and B
彼女は英語とフランス語の両方とも話すことができる｡
⑬ not A but B
彼女が話すことができるのは中国語ではなくてフランス語です｡
⑭ not only A but also B (= B as well as A)
1) 彼女は英語だけでなくフランス語も話すことができる｡
2) 彼女は、日本へは英語を教えるためではなく、日本語を学ぶために来た｡
⑮ either A or B
彼女は中国語かフランス語のどちらかを話すことができる｡
⑯ neither A nor B (= not either A or B)
私は英語もフランス語もどちらも話すことができない｡
S：⑫ She can speak both English and French.
⑬ She can speak not Chinese but French.
⑭ 1) She can speak not only English but also French.
= She can speak French as well as English.
2) She has come to Japan not only to teach English but also to learn Japanese.
⑮ She can speak either Chinese or French.
⑯ I can speak neither English nor French.
= I cannot speak either English or French.
T：従位(従属)接続詞について学習しよう。節と節を結ぶ役割をする。
S：節はその中に、S + V構造を含むまとまりのことですね。
T：大事なポイントです。従位接続詞(従属接続詞)は、
１）名詞節を導く： that, if, whether
２）副詞節を導く： when, if, because, although, etc
S：名詞節を導く例からお願いします。
T：① 自分が間違っているのはわかっています｡
② 彼女が間違っているのは明らかだ｡
③ 私は彼女に,あなたが間違っていると言った｡
④ 実は私はそのことを知らなかった｡
⑤ 彼女は結婚している事実を隠していた｡
⑥ 彼女は結婚しているのかな｡
⑦ 彼は私にそのことを知っているかと尋ねた｡
S： ① I know that I am wrong.
② It is clear that she is wrong.
③ I told her that she was wrong.
④ The fact is that I didn't know about it.
⑤ She hid the fact that she was married.
⑥ I wonder if she is married.
= I wonder whether she is married.
⑦ He asked me if I knew about it.
= He asked me whether I knew about it.
T：You’re right.
S：副詞節について教えて下さい。
T：接続詞の意味から分類しておく。
1) 時 ：when / while / after / before / until, till / since / as / as soon as
2) 理由 ：because / since / as
3) 条件 ：if / unless
4) 譲歩 ：though / although / even if
5) 様態 ：as, like
6) 目的 ：so that A can〔will / may〕
7) 結果・程度：so ～ that / such ～ that
S：基本例題をお願いします。
T： ① 私は若い時、よくテニスをした｡
② 彼はフランスにいる間、絵を勉強した｡
③ 彼が来るまで待とう｡
④ 私が日本に来てから３年になる。
⑤ 駅に着いたらすぐに電話してください｡
⑥ 風邪をひいていたので、学校を休んだ｡
⑦ もし明日天気がよければ、ハイキングに行きましょう｡
⑧ 雨が降っていたけれど、買い物に行った｡
⑨ 私は言われたとおりにそれをやった｡
⑩ 私はバスに間に合うように早く出た｡
⑪ 彼女はとても親切なので、みんなから好かれている｡
S： ① When I was young, I often played tennis.
② While he was staying in France, he studied paintings.
= During his stay in France, he studied paintings.
③ Let's wait until he comes.
④ Three years have passed since I came to Japan.
= It has been three years since I came to Japan.
⑤ Please call me as soon as you get to the station.
⑥ I was absent from school because I had a cold.
⑦ Let's go hiking if it is fine tomorrow.
⑧ I went shopping though it was raining.
= Although it was raining, I went shopping.
= In spite of the rain, I went shopping.
⑨ I did it as I was told to.
= I did it like I was told to.
⑩ I left early so that I could catch the bus.
⑪ She is so kind that she is liked by everyone.
= She is such a kind girl that she is liked by everyone.
= She is kind enough to be liked by everyone.