量子コンピュたーを実現する方法は数多く
なんでもありの状況に見えるが
半導体でできればやりやすい。
以下はそのレビュー論文だ。
CMOS Quantum Computing:
Toward A Quantum Computer System-on-Chip
Reza Nikandish, Senior Member, IEEE, Elena Blokhina, Senior Member, IEEE, and Robert Bogdan Staszewski, Fellow, IEEE
I. INTRODUCTION
Quantum computing is experiencing the transition from a scientific to an engineering field with the promise to revolu- tionize an extensive range of applications demanding high- performance computing. The major areas include artificial intelligence, autonomous driving, cryptography, drug develop- ment, chemistry, and financial optimization. Many implemen- tation approaches have been pursued for quantum computing systems, where currently the main streams can be identified based on superconducting, photonic, trapped-ion, and semi- conductor qubits. Semiconductor-based quantum computing, specifically using CMOS technologies, is promising as it provides potential for the integration of qubits with their control and readout circuits on a single chip. This paves the way for the realization of a large-scale quantum computing system with many qubits (e.g., over 1000) for solving practical problems.
Quantum computing, first envisioned by Richard Feynman and Paul Benioff in the 1980s [1], [2], has passed several important milestones to reach the current state of development. The major landmarks include the invention of the Shor’s al- gorithm for prime number factorization and discrete logarithm on a quantum computer [3], [4], the development of Grover’s algorithm for efficient search in large databases [5], the use of semiconductor quantum dots to implement qubits [6], a silicon-based quantum computer architecture [7], the first spin qubit in silicon [16], the first CMOS spin qubit [17], and the proposal of using cryogenic CMOS circuits for control and readout of qubits [18], [19]. Recently, Google announced it has achieved the milestone of quantum supremacy [31]: in 200 seconds, its Sycamore quantum processor completed a task, the equivalent of which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer much longer to complete [20].
These achievements along with long-term vision for the future of quantum computing have led to growing global in- terests and increasing amounts of investment by governments, established companies, and start-ups in this field, e.g., the launch of the US National Quantum Initiative [21], [22] and the EU Quantum Technologies Flagship Program [23].
Since the first realization of semiconductor qubits using quantum dots [6], many scientific research works have been devoted to improve the quality of these qubits by using dif- ferent semiconductor materials (e.g., GaAs, SiGe, and Si) and isotopes (e.g., 28Si) [27].
....
以下省略。