ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 囲碁の一力遼九段 国際大会で優勝
10月1日(火)
Today, we’re bringing you news about a popular board game that has a large fan base here in Japan.
JAPANESE GO PLAYER WINS MAJOR INTERNATIONAL TOURNAMENT
A Japanese player of the strategic board game “go” has claimed the Ing Cup world championship. The go association of Japan says it's the first time one of its players has won a major international tournament in 19 years. Japan's Ichiriki Ryo faced China's Xie Ke on Sunday in Shanghai. The Ing Cup tournament is held every four years. Ichiriki raced to an early 2-0 lead and overcame some challenges near the end to sweep the best-of-five showdown. The go association in Japan, the Nihon Ki-in, said this is the first time a Japanese player has won the Ing Cup. Ichiriki is one of Japan's best go players. He has won three major domestic titles.
(Ichiriki Ryo / Japanese Go player) “I am relieved and really happy to have won the championship after a long fight. In the middle of today's match, it felt like I didn't have a chance to win. But I was determined not to give up until the end.”
（2024年9月9日のニュース）
l the Ing Cup「応氏杯（世界選手権）」は、４年に１度開催される囲碁の国際大会
l claimは「獲得する、自分のものにする」
l 2-0 => two to zero
l the best-of-five showdown
l sweepは「（ほうきなどで）掃く、（ちりやほこりを）払う」や「一掃する」ここでは「圧倒的な強さで勝つ、（試合を）全勝する」
l best-of-fiveは「五番勝負で（３勝した方が勝ちの）」5試合中3試合に勝てばよい
l showdownは「対決、頂上決戦、最終戦」
l determinedは「決心している、覚悟している」
-> was determined + not to
In the middle of today's match, it felt like I didn't have a chance to win.
In the middle of today's match,
it felt like I didn't have a chance
to win.
In the middle of today's match, it felt like I didn't have a chance to win. But I was determined not to give up until the end.
--
日本の英字新聞などでの典型的なスタイルでは、 ●現代人の人名であれば英語風に「名前→名字」の順に表記し、明治維新より前の人物については「名字→名前」の順に表記します。
In this program as well, we usually refer to him as Otani Shohei.
That’s right. For example, in the news clip, the city of Los Angeles declared Shohei Otani day, didn’t they?
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 米エミー賞に「SHOGUN 将軍」
9月30日(月)
'SHOGUN' WINS RECORD 18 EMMYS, INCLUDING BEST DRAMA
It was a record showing for the TV series “Shogun” at the Emmy Awards in the U.S. The samurai drama set in Japan collected 18 Emmys, including the prize for best drama.
Shogun's tally at the ceremony on Sunday was the most ever for a TV series in a single season. Its 10 episodes depict a power struggle in feudal Japan, and the majority of the dialogue is in Japanese.
Sanada Hiroyuki won the award for his lead role. He was also a producer of the series. He thanked all those who've passed down the tradition of the samurai drama.
The other major awards for Shogun included directing and lead actress for a drama series.
（2024年9月16日のニュース）
showingは「出来栄え、結果、成績」
strong showing「躍進」やpoor showing「不振」 record showingは「記録的な結果」
collectは「集める」ですが、ここでは、=> win「獲得する」
tallyは「数や量の記録、集計」
take a tally of …「～の数（量）の記録を取る」
->collectしたエミー賞の「集計」、つまり１８（という受賞数）
samurai drama => period drama/ historical drama *drama
the most everは「今までで最も多いもの・数、史上最多、過去最多」
in feudal Japan 封建時代
->feudal systemなら「封建制度」、feudal lordなら「封建領主、封建大名」
feudal
[ˈfjudəl]
I’ve been hearing about how amazing this series is for months now. Especially when I was in the US. I don’t usually watch Samurai dramas but after watching the trailers, I want to give it a try.
--
The drama's tally at the ceremony on Sunday was the most ever for a TV series in a single season.
The drama's tally at the ceremony on Sunday
was the most ever for a TV series
in a single season.
The drama's tally at the ceremony on Sunday was the most ever for a TV series in a single season. Its 10 episodes depict a power struggle in feudal Japan.
--
Shogun's tally at the ceremony on Sunday was the most ever for a TV series in a single season.
●tallyとは、何かを合計した数がどんどん変化していく場合に（過去の数字を含んで）合計した数
Yes, it’s often used to mean the latest total or count based on previous calculations and it is continuously updated as new information is obtained.
-> tally>> total
This means they won 10 awards in just one day.
The drama’s cumulative total of awards, including those won at the ceremony on Sunday, was the most ever for a TV series in a single season.
Let’s say at a restaurant, the tally at the time you ordered a pizza is 500 Yen. If you then order a gratin for 600 Yen, the total amount at that point or the new tally would be 1,100 Yen.
Oh, thank you to everyone who shared with us.
It’s great to see everyone learning in so many different ways. I wonder if any of these methods have been helpful to other listeners. I’m happy everyone is doing their best.
９月２３日～２７日のラインナップ
９月２３日 「旧優生保護法は”違憲”」 （７月２３日の再放送）
９月２４日 「２０億年前の地層から微生物」（８月６日の再放送）
９月２５日 「首里城再建 正殿で瓦ぶき始まる」（８月２日の再放送）
９月２６日 「全日空と日本航空 “カスハラ”対策」 （７月１９日の再放送）
９月２７日 「“仕事より余暇を優先” 過去最高６５％に」（８月９日の再放送）
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」“仕事より余暇を優先” 過去最高65％に
8月9日(金)
SURVEY POINTS TO SHIFTING VIEWS ABOUT WORK AND PLAY
“All work and no play makes Japan a dull place.” Now, hang on — or so suggests a new survey. Nearly two-thirds of respondents value their free time more than their jobs. The figure is a record high. The non-profit Japan Productivity Center conducted the annual poll on about 3,300 people. More than a third say they find purpose in leisure rather than their job. And over 30 percent say they try to wrap up their work in good time to have fun elsewhere. Only about 12 percent place more value on work than leisure. Comparable data started in 2009. And the latest results point to a growing awareness about work-life balance. One official involved in the poll says the coronavirus pandemic and rise in remote working probably saw people reassess how they want to live. The survey also asked people how they spend their free time. Almost half say they travel in Japan.
（2024年7月22日のニュース）
----
“All work and no play makes Japan a dull place.”
This is a pretty confusing start to the story, isn't it?
The first sentence is actually a reference to an old proverb.
- All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
- seeここでは主語がcoronavirus pandemic and rise in remote working ->現象->「～（主語）が起こったことによって人々は～した」
- All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.「勉強ばかりで遊ばないと子どもは駄目になる（よく学びよく遊べ）」
- in good time「早めに、十分に余裕を持って」「時間どおりに、順調に」
- work-life balance「ワーク・ライフ・バランス、仕事と生活の調和」
Now, hang on — or so suggests a new survey.
-> And as you might have noticed, "so suggests a new survey" is an example of sentence inversion. It's a common pattern with the word "so" like so do I.
"so suggests a new survey" => A new survey suggests too.
- leisure
In English, “leisure” can actually mean lots of things: free time itself, the freedom of not having to work, and the things you can do in your free time.
If you use “leisure” by itself, then, it can be hard to get your intended meaning across. That's why we often add another word after “leisure,” like “leisure time” and “leisure activities.”
- in good time 時間に余裕を持って
When I do my homework, I always turn off my phone so that I can finish in good time.
Let's take a moment here to try making a sentence with "in good time."
Okay, how about we use these words,
arrive, station and in good time?
-You should arrive at the station in good time because the shinkansen is very punctual.
-Very good. I have nothing to say about this sentence. It's perfect. Very good!
So, could you translate that into Japanese?
---
I'll be the first to admit that I work too much. But I wouldn't say that's a negative. When I do get some leisure time, I like to veg out as we say, doing virtually nothing instead of going out and engaging in some kind of activity.
-What do you like tot do when you are not working?
-Well, it is a challenging question. Horsecars, there is no clear distinction beating work. Unleisure.
veg out
なにもしない
- to relax in an inert passive way
-> make good time
A similar phrase is “make good time,” which people mostly use when they're talking about getting somewhere earlier than they'd normally expect. It's a shorter, more casual way to say “arrive in good time.”
For example, you might say, “We left before the roads got busy in the morning, so we made good time.”
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 全日空と日本航空 “カスハラ”対策
9月26日(木)
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 全日空と日本航空 “カスハラ”対策 7月19日(金)
ANA, JAL SET POLICIES TO COMBAT PASSENGER HARASSMENT
All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines have jointly released new guidelines to combat harassment and abuse by passengers. They've categorized nine types of unacceptable behavior in order to protect employees.
(Miyashita Yoshiko / All Nippon Airways)
“In some cases, employees face extreme stress and then take long medical leave or even quit.”
(Kamitsuji Rika / Japan Airlines)
“Some customers have demanded employees kneel down and apologize. In other cases, these passengers occupy staff for long periods.”
Japan's two biggest airlines released the guidelines on Friday. The nine categories of customer harassment include physical assault, verbal abuse, and unreasonable demands.
The carriers say such behavior violates the human rights of staff members and prevents them from doing their job. ANA and JAL officials said they will strictly respond to reports of harassment, including informing the police.
The companies together received around 600 reports of harassment by customers last fiscal year.
（2024年6月28日のニュース）
---
- kneelもしくはkneel down「ひざまずく」
drop to one's knees、bend the knee - kneel down-> bow deeply until the forehead touches the floor「床に額がつくまで深く頭を下げる」
an extreme form of apology in Japanese culture - prostrate oneself「ひれ伏す」
harassment「迷惑行為、嫌がらせ、ハラスメント」
sexual harassment「セクシャルハラスメント、セクハラ」
workplace bullying「職場でのいじめ、パワハラ」
academic bullying「教育機関におけるいじめ、アカハラ」
discrimination against pregnant women マタハラ
pressuring … to drink against their will「（お酒を飲むよう強要する）アルコールハラスメント、アルハラ」
Do you say customer harrasment in English?
-I've never heard that particular phrase, No. If you say customer harassment, it's possible to tell if the customer is the one doing the harassment or the one suffering the harassment.
New guidelines to combat harassment and abuse by passengers.
verbalとabuse
An example of harassment in today's story was “verbal abuse.” Both of these words are pretty interesting.
Now, you might recognize “verbal” for its root part: “verb.”
It comes from an old Latin word meaning “word.”
Whenever you come across the verb part in English, just remember that it probably has something to do with words.
Some examples are proverb, adverb, verbose 言葉数の多い, 冗長な and verbatim 言葉どおりに .
Some examples of words containing “verb” are “proverb,” “adverb,” “verbose,” and “verbatim.”
And then there’s “abuse,” which means “using or treating something badly or in the wrong way.” When we use the word as a noun, the pronunciation is “abuse.” As a verb, though, we pronounce it as “abuse” with a “z” sound.
---
medical leave「医療休暇」
leave「（勤務先、軍隊、学校などが許可した）休暇」
“In some cases, employees face extreme stress and then take long medical leave or even quit.”
leave: Well, you could say,
take +
maternity leave
parental leave
paid leave
---
Do you have カスハラ in the US?
-Of course. I've seen so many examples of customers acing entitled and trying very obviously to put themselves above workers in the US. Who knows why. Maybe it's a self-centered culture, maybe it's a competitive desire, but whatever it is, it feels like it's getting worth these days.
I'm one of the big fans of this program. Finally, Gogaku-app has started. I'm so happy to know that we can check on each news sentence with reading given by Tom and Christy. That's very helpful to practice. I'll keep listening with joy.
---ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 旧優生保護法は“違憲”
9月23日(月)
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 旧優生保護法は“違憲”
7月23日(火)
Today let's look at something that are changing, changes in the suprime court as well as how English changes over time.
---
JAPAN SUPREME COURT: DEFUNCT EUGENICS LAW 'UNCONSTITUTIONAL'
Japan's top court has ruled the country's now-defunct Eugenic Protection Law was unconstitutional. The post-World War II law forced people with certain disabilities to undergo surgical sterilization. Now the government has been ordered to compensate some of those affected. People forced to undergo the procedures had filed lawsuits across Japan. They claimed they were subject to discrimination in violation of Japan's Constitution and were seeking damages. On Wednesday, Chief Justice Tokura Saburo said there was no legitimate reason for the sterilizations. He said the treatment violated people's constitutional rights to be treated equal under the law and respected as individuals. Japan's Eugenic Protection Law took effect in 1948 to combat a postwar surge in births. It was abolished in 1996 amid growing criticism both domestically and internationally. By then, about 25,000 people had been sterilized.
（2024年7月3日のニュース）
- 旧優生保護法（now-defunct Eugenic Protection Law）
- now-defunct「旧～、現存しない、今はなき～」
- surgical sterilizationは「外科手術的に不妊にすること」->「不妊手術」
sterilization 不妊にすること
[ˌstɛrələˈzeɪʃən] - be subject to 「～を受ける、～にさらされる」
discriminationは「差別」 - abolishは「（法律や制度を）撤廃する、無効にする」
He said the treatment violated people's constitutional rights to be treated equal under the law.
He said the treatment violated
people's constitutional rights
to be treated equal under the law.
---
★英語の簡単な歴史
西ゲルマン系言語（West Germanic languages）
では、English「英語」とは、もともとどんな意味なのでしょうか？
海を越えて移住してきたゲルマン系諸民族はアングロ・サクソン人（Anglo-Saxons）ですが、「アングロ」の部分である「アングル人の土地」という意味のAngle Landがなまって、England（イングランド）という単語になったと言われています。
この古い時代の英語は、
・Old English「古英語」
これが１０６６年の
・the Norman Conquest「ノルマン征服」
court constituton government
・Middle English「中英語」 と呼ばれています。（１２世紀～１５世紀）
そして１５世紀から１７世紀ごろにかけて、
・the Great Vowel Shift「大母音推移」
１６世紀ごろからの英語は、
・Modern English「近代英語」
I feel like English is always changing and rapidly. For example, popular expressions meaning cool or かっこいい are constantly changing. In the 1930s people used the word swell. In the 1960s you would say groovy or far out. In the 1980s it was gnarly or awesome. Nowadays, young people say, lit or fire. 10 years ago I never heard someone tell me your outfit is fire, but now that's a nice compliment.
----
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 20億年前の地層から微生物
8月6日(火)
SCIENTISTS: MICROBES IN 2 BIL. YEAR-OLD ROCK MAY BE ALIVE
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo say they appear to have found living microbes in geological strata dating back 2 billion years. If confirmed, they could be the oldest living microbes ever found on Earth. They were found in an area in South Africa called the Bushveld, known as one of the world's largest deposits of chrome, platinum, and other rare metals. A Japanese team, working as part of an international drilling project, took the sample at a depth of 500 meters. Associate Professor Suzuki Yohey says microscopic observation at a lab back in Japan found a large number of microbes in the rocks. He says detailed analysis found the presence of cells with DNA and protein which can only be generated by living things. He says this evidence strongly suggests the microbes are still alive. Suzuki's team plans to conduct a genome analysis to determine how old their microbes really are and what they can tell us about how life evolved on our planet.
（2024年7月19日のニュース）
----
- microbeは「微生物」
geological strataは「地層」です。
geologicalは「地質学の、地質に関する」という形容詞で、
strataはstratum「層」の複数形 - 「データ」datum（単数）とdata（複数）も、単数形と複数形が同じパターンで変化する名詞
- depositは「何かが堆積しているもの」-> 地学では「鉱脈、埋蔵地、鉱床」
depositは「貯金、預金、保証金（デポジット）」としてよく使われます。 - chromeは「クロム」、platinumは「白金、プラチナ」
rare metalは「レアメタル」文字どおりには「希少な金属」 - at a depth of 500 meters.
- which can only be generated by living things
- genome「ゲノム」は、染色体上の遺伝子が持つ情報
- protein
[ˈproʊˌtin]
That's amazing. This could be a key to unlocking hidden knowledge about life. I'm looking forward to finind out more about what they discover.
---
They were found in an area in South Africa called the Bushveld, known as one of the world's largest deposits of rare metals.
They were found
in an area in South Africa called the Bushveld,
known as one of the world's largest deposits of rare metals.
---
★関係代名詞のthatとwhich
・重要な情報を加えるときにはthatを使う。カンマは付けない。
・補足の情報を加えるときにはカンマ（に続けて）whichを使う。
They were found in an area in South Africa called the Bushveld, which is known as one of the world's largest deposits of rare metals.
-> the Bushveld that is known as one of the world's largest deposits of rare metals
英語ニュースでは、essential「不可欠な、重要な」情報に対してはthatを使い、そうではない情報に対してはカンマ＋whichを使うことが目安となっています。
一方、イギリス英語ではwhichが好まれます。
He says detailed analysis found the presence of cells with DNA and protein which can only be generated by living things.
国際英語という観点からは、thatを使っておけば無難だろうということになります。重要情報についてthatを使うかwhichを使うか迷う場合には、thatを使うことをお勧めします。
It's really amazing that today's news clip, which is mainly science-based is also great for studying English. I hope everyone likes the very topics that we discussed. I know I do.
---
Today, we learn that you don't really know how convenient technology is untill it's suddenly gone.
----ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 首里城再建 正殿で瓦ぶき始まる
9月25日(水)
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 首里城再建 正殿で瓦ぶき始まる
8月2日(金)
首里城再建 正殿で瓦ぶき始まる
RED TILE RESTORATION BEGINS AT OKINAWA'S SHURI CASTLE
Restoration work has begun in Okinawa to place tiles on the roof of the main hall at Shuri Castle. The building in the southern Japanese prefecture was destroyed by fire in 2019 and is now being rebuilt.
The site is surrounded by scaffolding and a temporary roof to protect it from wind and rain. The frame of the structure was completed last December.
In May, a ceremony to pray for safety during the reconstruction was held after part of the roof was finished. Craftspeople have now started laying tiles.
They're made from mudstone and red clay sourced from the prefecture.
(Hachiman Noboru / Okinawa Prefecture Red Roof Tiles Cooperative Association)
“People in the prefecture have special feelings about Shuri Castle. The craftspeople are full of passion for placing each tile. We're all working together to rebuild the castle quickly.”
The reconstruction of the main hall is scheduled to be completed by autumn of 2026.
（2024年7月15日のニュース）
- and is now being rebuilt.
->restoration / estoreを使って、… is now being restored - scaffoldingは「（建築の）足場」で、数えられない名詞
scaffold こちらは数えられる名詞 / scaffoldには「処刑台、絞首台」 - hold a ceremonyは「式典を執り行う、催す」
-> a ceremony was held - craftsman
<> 男女どちらにも使えるcraftspeople（単数形としてはcraftsperson）
[ˈkræftˌspipəl]
「報道官」ならspokesman/spokeswomanに代えてspokesperson、
「議員」ならassemblyman / assemblywomanに代えてassembly member、
policeman / policewomanに代えてpolice officer、
businessman / businesswomanに代えてbusinessperson（複数形としてはbusinesspeople） - person 単数 <> people 複数
- craftsperson/ craftspeople
- layは「（平らな場所に）置く、敷く」
-> lay brickなら「レンガを積む」、lay carpetなら「カーペットを敷く」 - and red clay sourced from the prefecture.
source : 「源、出どころ」名詞
「（材料などを）調達する」動詞
source A from Bは「ＡをＢから調達する」
- Restoration work has begun in Okinawa to place tiles on the roof of the main hall at Shuri Castle.
restorationは「復元、修復、回復」です。動詞形はrestore「元の状態・場所に戻す、復元する、修復する」
- In May, a ceremony to pray for safety during the reconstruction was held after part of the roof was finished.
reconstruction「再建」 - We're all working together to rebuild the castle quickly.”
rebuild「再建する」
---
restoration「修復、復元」
reconstruction「再建」
rebuild「再建する」
craftspeople（craftspersonの複数形）「職人」
chairperson「議長」
spokesperson「報道官」
assembly member｢議員｣
shed light on …「～に光を当てる」
---
Most listeners probably know “source” as a noun. But since the 1970s or so, people have used it as a verb to mean “obtain from a specific place.” It's really common these days, especially in business and often used in the passive voice like this: “All of our coffee beans are sourced from sustainable farms.”
---
トムさんが首里城の歴史を英語で説明
Tom, Could you explain Shuri Castle in English?
-Sure. I'll give it a try.
Shuri Castle was the palace of the Ryukyu Kingdom, which formed in the 15the century/ 1429. It represented the heart of the kingdom's government, diplomacy, and culture.
The castle has actually been destroyed by fire five times: three times during the Ryukyu Kingdom era, later in the Battle of Okinawa, and, most recently, in 2019.
Shuri Castle is now a World Heritage site, having received the designation in the year 2000.
was designated as...
receive the desingation
---
首里城について
Daimon: Tom, have you ever been to Shuri Castle?
Tom: Of course! I lived in Okinawa for a year right out of college, and I visited the castle a few times.
-How about you?
-Yeah, I actually I love Okinawa. I visited there so many times. And for Shuri Castle, I went twoice. It was by school trip. Once in junior when I was in junior high. And the second time when I was in high school. I loved there.
-Good memories.
Daimon: I went there long before the fire in 2019. The castle itself was magnificent, and standing there made me imagine what it was like when the Ryukyu Kingdom flourished through sea trade.
Tom: Shuri Castle is definitely a sight to behold. It's always hard to see something so spectacular go up in flames so fast.
Daimon: Indeed. Local authorities are putting a lot of effort into the restoration project, and they also emphasize showing the restoration process, which is very unique.
Tom: Showing the restoration process? What do you mean?
Daimon: For example, there are guided tours where you can listen to explanations about the history and culture of the Ryukyu Kingdom and see the progress of the Shuri Castle's restoration firsthand.
Tom: Oh, well, that adds a cool dimension to the experience.
History isn't something that just sits in the past, right? It's alive, and it's something we play active roles in.
Daimon: I agree. When we talk about news from Okinawa, it's usually about problems related to U.S. bases or the tragic history of war. But I would also like to shed light on positive news stories like the one we looked at today.
Tom: I'm with you on that. To me, Okinawans are such a resilient people, always working hard to sustain their culture and identity no matter what they struggle through. It's inspiring, and today's story really brought that feeling home.
---
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 全日空と日本航空 “カスハラ”対策 7月19日(金)
ANA, JAL SET POLICIES TO COMBAT PASSENGER HARASSMENT
All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines have jointly released new guidelines to combat harassment and abuse by passengers. They've categorized nine types of unacceptable behavior in order to protect employees.
(Miyashita Yoshiko / All Nippon Airways)
“In some cases, employees face extreme stress and then take long medical leave or even quit.”
(Kamitsuji Rika / Japan Airlines)
“Some customers have demanded employees kneel down and apologize. In other cases, these passengers occupy staff for long periods.”
Japan's two biggest airlines released the guidelines on Friday. The nine categories of customer harassment include physical assault, verbal abuse, and unreasonable demands.
The carriers say such behavior violates the human rights of staff members and prevents them from doing their job. ANA and JAL officials said they will strictly respond to reports of harassment, including informing the police.
The companies together received around 600 reports of harassment by customers last fiscal year.
（2024年6月28日のニュース）
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- kneelもしくはkneel downは「ひざまずく」
drop to one's knees、bend the knee - kneel down-> bow deeply until the forehead touches the floor「床に額がつくまで深く頭を下げる」
an extreme form of apology in Japanese culture - prostrate oneself「ひれ伏す」
harassment「迷惑行為、嫌がらせ、ハラスメント」
sexual harassment「セクシャルハラスメント、セクハラ」
workplace bullying「職場でのいじめ、パワハラ」
academic bullying「教育機関におけるいじめ、アカハラ」
discrimination aginst pregnant women マタハラ
pressuring … to drink against their will「（お酒を飲むよう強要する）アルコールハラスメント、アルハラ」
Do you say customer harrasment in English?
-I've never heard that particular phrase, No. If you say customer harassment, it's possible to tell if the customer is the one doing the harassment or the one suffering the harassment.
New guidelines to combat harassment and abuse by passengers.
verbalとabuse
An example of harassment in today's story was “verbal abuse.” Both of these words are pretty interesting.
Now, you might recognize “verbal” for its root part: “verb.”
It comes from an old Latin word meaning “word.”
Whenever you come across the verb part in English, just remember that it probably has something to do with words.
Some examples are proverb, adverb, verbose 言葉数の多い, 冗長な and verbatim 言葉どおりに .
Some examples of words containing “verb” are “proverb,” “adverb,” “verbose,” and “verbatim.”
And then there’s “abuse,” which means “using or treating something badly or in the wrong way.” When we use the word as a noun, the pronunciation is “abuse.” As a verb, though, we pronounce it as “abuse” with a “z” sound.
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medical leave「医療休暇」
leave「（勤務先、軍隊、学校などが許可した）休暇」
“In some cases, employees face extreme stress and then take long medical leave or even quit.”
leave: Well, you could say,
take +
maternity leave
parental leave
paid leave
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Do you have カスハラ in the US?
-Of course. I've seen so many examples of customers acing entitiled and trying very obviously to put themselves above workers in the US. Who knows why. Maybe it's a self-centered culture, maybe it's a competitive desire, but what ever it is, it feels like it's getting worth thesedays.
I'm one of the big fans of this program. Finally Gogaku-app has started. I'm so happy to know that we can check on each news sentence with reading given by Tom and Christy. That's very helpful to practice. I'll keep listening with joy.