ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 腸内細菌移植でがん治療薬の効果高まるか
9月5日(木)
TRIAL STARTS IN JAPAN ON USING GUT BACTERIA IN CANCER TREATMENT
Researchers in Japan are running a clinical trial to see if immunotherapy for cancer patients can be improved by intestinal bacteria. Researchers from the National Cancer Center Japan and Juntendo University are working on treatments for stomach and esophageal cancer. Studies overseas have shown that patients unresponsive to immunotherapy drugs have unbalanced intestinal bacteria. The team will transplant bacteria from healthy people into patients before they're given immunotherapy drugs. They say the goal is to verify the safety and efficacy of the method with 45 patients over the next three years.
(Shoji Hirokazu / National Cancer Center Hospital) “We hope the trial shows us what kind of intestinal bacteria patients need to benefit from drug treatment. I hope patients will have more options.”
（2024年8月18日のニュース）
---
- immunotherapyは「免疫療法」
- immune checkpoint inhibitor「免疫チェックポイント阻害薬」
- inhibitor「阻害薬」
- intestinalは「腸の」->、intestinal bacteriaは「腸内細菌」
- gutは通常は複数形のgutsで胃や腸などを含む「内臓、はらわた」
- stomach cancerは「胃がん」=>gastric cance
- esophagealは「食道の」=> esophageal cancerは「食道がん」
- unresponsive to …は「～に反応しない」
intestinal
[ɪnˈtɛstənəl]
intestinal bacteria / gut bacteria「腸内細菌」
And gut(s with an S can also mean courage, determination and toughness.
For example, do you have the guts to go swiming with sharks?
intestinal「腸の」
intestine「腸」
guts「（胃や腸などを含む）はらわた」「度胸、ガッツ」
dietary fiber / fiber「食物繊維」
---
Speaking of “bacteria,” let me just share a little information that some listeners might already know — but some might not. “Bacteria” is technically a plural word. The singular form is “bacterium.”
The singular form ends with the letters “um” — and “bacteria” and “bacterium” aren't the only words that follow that pattern. Other examples include “data” and “datum,” “media” and “medium,” “agenda” and “agendum.” But don't worry too much about remembering the singular forms for the words I just mentioned. We don't use them very much in those meanings.
腸内細菌
Daimon: While medical treatment is necessary, I think daily lifestyle habits are also very important for the prevention of diseases. The news story we discussed today talked about intestinal bacteria, or gut bacteria, which is more commonly used in daily conversation. Tom, do you pay attention to gut bacteria?
Tom: Not really, no, but I do know that yogurt is good for your gut. I try to have some a few times a week.
Daimon: Good for you! Gut bacteria live off the food we eat. To increase the amount of beneficial bacteria in our bodies, I've heard we should eat food that is rich in soluble fiber.
Tom, what do you think of when you hear the word “fiber”?
Tom: Personally, the first thing that comes to mind is “dietary fiber” — the stuff in food. “Fiber” also means a thread that forms something, but I think of it more as a food word.
Well, soluble fiber isn't all that familliar to me. Naomi, do you have any ideal what kinds of food contain a lot of soluble fiber?
-I always try to eat soluble fiver first like seaweeds, ...mozuku, mekabu I eat those every day. And I also heard that natto contains soluble fiver a lot, right? --You just mentioned the food that I don't like very much. I don't think I have the guts to eat natto.
-You don't like natto.
-It's not my favorite..
-Um, others include mashrooms, ptatoes and burdock root. They are also considered good for improving the balance of good bacteria.
-Oh thank goodness. I like a lot of those. If I eat moure of those foods, sounds like my gut is going to be happy, huh?
the kind of seaweed
I wouldn't be able to think of it off the top of my head.
burdock root
*butter fruit = Avocado
soluble
[ˈsɑljəbəl]
---
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 ノルドストリーム爆発 ウクライナ人に逮捕状
9月4日(水)
REPORTS: UKRAINIAN SOUGHT OVER NORD STREAM ATTACK
Prosecutors in Germany have spent nearly two years investigating an act of underwater sabotage. They've been trying to figure out who blew up the Nord Stream gas pipelines. Media reports say Germany has now issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian national. The pipelines were built to carry natural gas from Russia to Europe. The attack was thought to be an attempt to cut off a source of revenue for the Kremlin. That led many to speculate Ukrainian forces were responsible. The reported suspect has worked as a diving instructor. He's believed to have lived in neighboring Poland but has left the country. German authorities have reportedly identified two other suspects. They say the pair may have been responsible for attaching the explosives to the pipelines. It remains unclear to what extent officials in Ukraine may have been involved in the planning or execution of the attack.
（2024年8月15日のニュース）
execution
[ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən]
sabotage
[ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ]
- 「東京地方検察庁（東京地検）」の英語名は、Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office
- sabotageは「破壊行為、破壊活動、妨害行為」
- an act of underwater sabotage ある水中（海中）での破壊行為
- blew up <- blow up「爆破する、爆発する」
- issued an arrest warrant for
arrest warrantは「逮捕状」= a warrant for the arrest of …
search warrant「捜索令状」/ death warrant「死刑執行令状」
seek an arrest warrant「逮捕状を取る、取得する」「（警察などが）逮捕状を請求する」
serve an arrest warrant「逮捕状を執行する」 - Kremlin「クレムリン」はロシアの首都モスクワにある宮殿
-> 「ロシア大統領府、ロシア政府」としても用いられます。 - source of revenueは「収入源、財源」
- That led many to speculate 憶測を呼びました
- lived in neighboring Poland
- attaching the explosives to the pipelines.
- It remains unclear to what extent officials in Ukraine may have been involved in the planning or execution of the attack.
---
Russia pointed the finger at Ukraine.
Ukraine denied involvement.
---
- media reports say
- The attack was thought to be an attempt to cut off a source of revenue for the Kremlin.
be thought to be …「～であると考えられている」 - That led many to speculate 憶測を呼びました
- The reported suspect has worked as a diving instructor.
The key word here is reported. In this case, you can think of it as the adjective version of the adverb reportedly. The reported suspect basically means the suspect who has been reported in the media. You come across both reportedly and reported a lot in news stories. - He's believed to have lived in neighboring Poland but has left the country.
be believed to …「～と考えられている」 - It remains unclear to what extent officials in Ukraine may have been involved in the planning or execution of the attack.
This might be hard to understand if you don't know how people normally use “extent.” The basic pattern in a normal sentence is: “to” plus a word or words that describe a degree plus “extent.” “To a great extent,” “to a small extent,” and “to some extent” are three common examples.
Here's how it works in a sentence:
The situation has changed to a great extent.
The sentence from today's story was explaining that they don't know the extent of Ukrainian involvement in the incident — in other words, “what extent” is unknown. That's why the sentence used “to what extent.”
So let's go back to the short sentence I used as an example. If you don't know how much the “situation has changed," you could say, “I don't know to what extent the situation has changed.”
point the finger at …「～を公然と非難する」
media reports say …「複数の報道によると～」
be thought to be …「～であると考えられている」
speculate「推測する」
reportedly「伝えられているところによると、報道によると」
reported …「報道されている～」
be believed to …「～と考えられている」
extent「程度」
conspiracy theory「陰謀論」
conspiracy
[kənˈspɪrəsi]
----
TRIAL STARTS IN JAPAN ON USING GUT BACTERIA IN CANCER TREATMENT
Researchers in Japan are running a clinical trial to see if immunotherapy for cancer patients can be improved by intestinal bacteria. Researchers from the National Cancer Center Japan and Juntendo University are working on treatments for stomach and esophageal cancer. Studies overseas have shown that patients unresponsive to immunotherapy drugs have unbalanced intestinal bacteria. The team will transplant bacteria from healthy people into patients before they're given immunotherapy drugs. They say the goal is to verify the safety and efficacy of the method with 45 patients over the next three years.
(Shoji Hirokazu / National Cancer Center Hospital) “We hope the trial shows us what kind of intestinal bacteria patients need to benefit from drug treatment. I hope patients will have more options.”
（2024年8月18日のニュース）
NASA SEEKS BEST MARS FOOD
The U.S. space agency NASA and its Canadian counterpart have held a competition for ideas on how to produce food for a long stay on Mars. Seven teams from universities and companies competed in the finals of the so-called Deep Space Food Challenge in the U.S. state of Ohio. One of the contenders produced a hot pizza in about 20 minutes in an oven that's heated using centrifugal force from a fast-spinning cylinder.
(Participant) “I honestly like this better than any average pizza that I could get at a takeout. I think the astronauts are very lucky.”
The winning team developed a system with automatic temperature and humidity control to raise vegetables and edible insects. They took home 750,000 dollars in prize money.
（2024年8月17日のニュース）
----
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 京都 伝統の五山送り火
9月3日(火)
In today's news, let's bid farewell to the Bon holidays with a fiery festival. Then we have another interesting question from one of our listners.
MOUNTAINS OF KYOTO SET ABLAZE FOR SPECTACULAR FESTIVAL
Now for a spectacular, spiritual, and crowd-pleasing festival right in the heart of Japan's ancient capital. Gozan Okuribi is said to date back more than 300 years. Five mountains surrounding Kyoto serve as a grand stage. The bonfires form shapes such as kanji characters and a boat. People in Japan believe deceased relatives come home during the annual Bon holidays. And this festival is like a farewell before they head back to the spirit world.
(Festivalgoer) “My father will have returned for the first time since he died. I'm glad my family and I could give him a send-off together.”
Police say Friday's festival attracted a crowd of about 47,000. That's up more than 20,000 from last year.
（2024年8月17日のニュース）
---
- grandは「壮大な、雄大な」
- deceasedは「死んだ、亡くなった」
- farewellは「別れ、別れの会」
- give A a send-offは「Ａを見送る」
to date back
more than 300 years.
---
★teamなどの集合名詞は単数形であっても複数として扱われることがある
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo say they appear to have found living microbes in geological strata dating back 2 billion years.
team
-> 単数としても複数としても扱われることがある主な単語
club、committee、company, crowd、family、firm、government、group、team
イギリス英語
the government says …という単数扱いだけでなく、the government say …という複数扱いの言い方もします。
My family is important to me.
My family are important to me. イギリス英語
I would say, My family is important to me because I think of my family as one unit or one team.
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo say they appear to have found living microbes in geological strata dating back 2 billion years.
Gozan okuribi is a spectacular sight. My family is fond of nature and festivals. So I want to go with them someday to see it. I hope everyone else can enjoy some festivals with their family and friends too.
---
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 岸田首相 退任へ
9月2日(月)
This time, we will use lots of words related to politics and elections. It may be difficult, but let's try our best going forward!
I hope everyone can work hard for the things they atnt in life, whether it is studying for an exam or practicing for an pucoming event. I wish everyone the best.
KISHIDA DECIDES NOT TO RUN IN NEXT LDP LEADERSHIP ELECTION
Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio has announced that he will not run in the main ruling Liberal Democratic Party's leadership election next month. It means Japan will soon have a new prime minister.
(Kishida Fumio / Japanese Prime Minister) “The first and clearest step to show that the LDP will change is for me to step down. I will not run for the LDP's leadership election.”
Kishida's Cabinet has recently struggled with low approval ratings. LDP factions were involved in a fundraising scandal. Kishida has worked to regain public trust in politics by trying to reform the party. He decided to disband its factions and punished lawmakers linked to the scandal. Kishida also revised the political funds control law. But his reforms didn't stem growing public criticism of the government. Kishida assumed the premiership in October 2021. He becomes the eighth longest-serving prime minister in Japan's postwar period.
（2024年8月14日のニュース）
- fundraisingは「資金集め」>> fundraiser
raise「持ち上げる、（寝ているものを）起こす」「（資金を）集める、工面する」 - disbandは「解散する」
- faction 党派
- revise a lawは「法律を改正する」
- stemは「食い止める」>「止血する」stem bleeding
名詞のstem「（植物の）茎」 - assume「推察する、決めてかかる」「（職に）就く、（役目・任務を）引き受ける、引き継ぐ」
名詞形はassumption「就任、任務の引き継ぎ」
assumption of office as …「～としての就任」…の部分には役職名assumption of the presidency「大統領就任」 - premiership「首相・総理大臣の地位（職）」
名詞 premierは「首相、総理大臣」
prime ministerより文字数が少ない>新聞の見出しなどでたびたび使われます。
---
The first and clearest step to show that this party will change is for me to step down.
The first and clearest step
to show that this party will change
is for me to step down.
The first and clearest step to show that this party will change is for me to step down. I will not run for its leadership election.
---
★前置詞forは主語を示す
The first and clearest step to show that this party will change is for me to step down.
>for me to step down -> for ->> step downの主語が「私」であることを示
I will not run for its leadership election. forが「目標を示す」用法
That's a good way to put it. I sometimes think of for as a path to a finish line, but I think reaching is a better example for showing the direction.
run for ->> run in
he will not run in the main ruling Liberal Democratic Party's leadership election
Run for an election has the goal at the finish line of winning the election while I fee that run in an election has the goal of just being in the election process.
run for an electionもrun in an electionもほぼ同じ意味
ニュアンスの違い
・for: 当選という「目標」の方向へ向かって走る、「立候補する」
・in: 選挙という「場の中で」ほかの候補たちと競争しながら走る、「出馬する
★
KISHIDA DECIDES NOT TO RUN IN NEXT LDP LEADERSHIP ELECTION
Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio has announced that he will not run in the main ruling Liberal Democratic Party's leadership election next month. It means Japan will soon have a new prime minister.
(Kishida Fumio / Japanese Prime Minister) “The first and clearest step to show that the LDP will change is for me to step down. I will not run for the LDP's leadership election.”
Kishida's Cabinet has recently struggled with low approval ratings. LDP factions were involved in a fundraising scandal. Kishida has worked to regain public trust in politics by trying to reform the party. He decided to disband its factions and punished lawmakers linked to the scandal. Kishida also revised the political funds control law. But his reforms didn't stem growing public criticism of the government. Kishida assumed the premiership in October 2021. He becomes the eighth longest-serving prime minister in Japan's postwar period.
（2024年8月14日のニュース）
MOUNTAINS OF KYOTO SET ABLAZE FOR SPECTACULAR FESTIVAL
Now for a spectacular, spiritual, and crowd-pleasing festival right in the heart of Japan's ancient capital. Gozan Okuribi is said to date back more than 300 years. Five mountains surrounding Kyoto serve as a grand stage. The bonfires form shapes such as kanji characters and a boat. People in Japan believe deceased relatives come home during the annual Bon holidays. And this festival is like a farewell before they head back to the spirit world.
(Festivalgoer) “My father will have returned for the first time since he died. I'm glad my family and I could give him a send-off together.”
Police say Friday's festival attracted a crowd of about 47,000. That's up more than 20,000 from last year.
（2024年8月17日のニュース）
REPORTS: UKRAINIAN SOUGHT OVER NORD STREAM ATTACK
Prosecutors in Germany have spent nearly two years investigating an act of underwater sabotage. They've been trying to figure out who blew up the Nord Stream gas pipelines. Media reports say Germany has now issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian national. The pipelines were built to carry natural gas from Russia to Europe. The attack was thought to be an attempt to cut off a source of revenue for the Kremlin. That led many to speculate Ukrainian forces were responsible. The reported suspect has worked as a diving instructor. He's believed to have lived in neighboring Poland but has left the country. German authorities have reportedly identified two other suspects. They say the pair may have been responsible for attaching the explosives to the pipelines. It remains unclear to what extent officials in Ukraine may have been involved in the planning or execution of the attack.
（2024年8月15日のニュース）
TRIAL STARTS IN JAPAN ON USING GUT BACTERIA IN CANCER TREATMENT
Researchers in Japan are running a clinical trial to see if immunotherapy for cancer patients can be improved by intestinal bacteria. Researchers from the National Cancer Center Japan and Juntendo University are working on treatments for stomach and esophageal cancer. Studies overseas have shown that patients unresponsive to immunotherapy drugs have unbalanced intestinal bacteria. The team will transplant bacteria from healthy people into patients before they're given immunotherapy drugs. They say the goal is to verify the safety and efficacy of the method with 45 patients over the next three years.
(Shoji Hirokazu / National Cancer Center Hospital) “We hope the trial shows us what kind of intestinal bacteria patients need to benefit from drug treatment. I hope patients will have more options.”
（2024年8月18日のニュース）
NASA SEEKS BEST MARS FOOD
The U.S. space agency NASA and its Canadian counterpart have held a competition for ideas on how to produce food for a long stay on Mars. Seven teams from universities and companies competed in the finals of the so-called Deep Space Food Challenge in the U.S. state of Ohio. One of the contenders produced a hot pizza in about 20 minutes in an oven that's heated using centrifugal force from a fast-spinning cylinder.
(Participant) “I honestly like this better than any average pizza that I could get at a takeout. I think the astronauts are very lucky.”
The winning team developed a system with automatic temperature and humidity control to raise vegetables and edible insects. They took home 750,000 dollars in prize money.
（2024年8月17日のニュース）
-----
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 成田空港 紙幣探知犬を導入
8月30日(金)
JAPAN INTRODUCES DOGS TO SNIFF OUT ILLEGAL CASH AT AIRPORTS
Japan's sniffer dogs that detect illegal drugs at airports are set to be joined by canines trained to sniff out large amounts of cash in luggage.
Two dogs that went through a month of practice demonstrated their abilities to the media at Narita Airport near Tokyo. In a test, the dogs checked 14 pieces of luggage and stopped at a bag that was suspect. It took about 60 seconds.
Anyone entering or leaving Japan is required by law to declare cash or checks exceeding 1 million yen, or about 6,800 dollars. Japan Customs says it hopes the training of such dogs will improve detection of illegal activity at airports throughout Japan.
(Ueda Kenji / Tokyo Customs Enforcement Division)
“Currency detector dogs can easily move to different places and help inspectors check luggage on the spot. They have such mobility.”
Ueda says the number of people leaving Japan increases in the summer and the dogs can help improve border checks at such times.
（2024年8月9日のニュース）
----
- canineは「イヌ科の動物、犬」
- on the spotは「その場で、現場で、すぐに、即座に」
- sniff out「嗅ぎ出す」
- detector dog「探知犬」
- money laundering「マネーロンダリング、資金洗浄」
- creative accounting / window dressing「粉飾決算」
- cryptocurrency「暗号資産（暗号通貨）」
今回のニュースに出てくるsuchについて、
such dogs
at such time
There are lots of ways to use “such.” A popular one is this pattern: “such” plus an adjective and then a noun. Phrases like “such a good idea” or “such a nice person” are common. This pattern emphasizes the adjective.
It gets trickier when there's no adjective. There are some cases where it's OK. “He's such a gentleman” is fine, probably because “gentleman” kind of has an adjective-type meaning. But “such” plus a noun tends to be for the type of thing we heard today: like “such dogs” and “at such times.”
When you try to use “such” with a noun by itself for emphasis, especially if it's an uncountable noun, you'll probably end up sounding quite old-fashioned. “I had such fun!” and “The world is full of such beauty!” are good examples — these days, people almost never say things like that. In these cases, “so much” is more popular.
今回のニュースに出てくるon the spotについて、
“Currency detector dogs can easily move to different places and help inspectors check luggage on the spot.
“Spot” means “place” or “location,” so “on the spot” means “at that specific place.”
It also has another meaning. If you do something “at that specific place,” you don't go anywhere else; nothing changes; no time passes — so that's why “on the spot” can also mean “immediately.” Here's an example: I've always hated public speaking — especially when I have to give a speech on the spot.
---
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 高校野球 7イニング制を検討
8月29日(木)
and batting third...
---
JAPAN HEATWAVE FORCES RETHINK OF HIGH SCHOOL BASEBALL RULES
An intense heatwave in Japan is forcing the country's high school baseball federation to rethink the rules of the game to protect the players.
On Friday, the group decided to start discussions on changing the length of games from nine innings to seven.
An annual high school baseball tournament is set to begin Wednesday at Koshien Stadium in western Japan's Hyogo Prefecture. Temperatures in the region rose to nearly 40 degrees Celsius, and weather officials warn it's likely to last at least another month.
The federation has also decided that on some days the games will only be played in the mornings and evenings to counter peak temperatures.
（2024年8月2日のニュース）
---
- to counter peak temperatures.
- on some days 一部の日程で、
- national obsession「国中が夢中になるもの」
- stepping stone「足がかり」
- burnout「燃え尽きること、燃え尽き症候群」
- overwhelming「（感情的に）いっぱいいっぱいな、圧倒的な」
- at the expense of …「～を犠牲にして」
eveningについて、
The word “evening” can be a little confusing.
Well, you see, in English, we don't divide the day into parts the way that you do in Japanese. When you use “evening” in English, you're basically referring to the time between 6 p.m. or so and bedtime. There's no specific time in the definition, but that's how most people think of “evening.
” 4 p.m. or 5 p.m.,
I would say “early evening” or “late afternoon.”
We often put “early” or “mid-” or “late” before parts of the day like that to make minor adjustments.
今回のニュースに出てくるCelsiusについて、
When I first came to Japan, I didn't know what to think when I heard “40 degrees Celsius.”
As an American, where we use Fahrenheit, I couldn't tell right away if 40 was supposed to be hot or cold.
“40 degrees Celsius.” That would be 104 degrees Fahrenheit.
When I was a kid, I had to memorize the formula for converting numbers between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Here's the formula: It's the number of degrees Celsius times 9, divided by 5, and plus 32.
---
Takeshita: I've covered high school baseball in Japan as a (news reporter) journalist. It isn't just a sport here, it's almost a national obsession. But, like any cultural phenomenon, it has its upsides and downsides. What do you think about the positives, Tom?
Tom: Well, high school baseball teaches young people essential life skills, I think. Teamwork is obviously a big part of practice and games alike, and the players learn so much about the value of persistence.
Takeshita: Exactly. The discipline these players develop is incredible. Many former players say the lessons they learned on the baseball field have stayed with them for life.
Tom: Yeah, I bet. The spring and summer tournaments are also stages where young athletes can shine nationally. I mean, you can become a household name in the matter of a week! For some, the exposure they get in the tournaments is a stepping stone to the pros.
So, Takeshita-san, can you think of downsides?
What are the downsides?
Takeshita: Well, one is that pressure these young athletes face can be overwhelming. Some argue that the extreme focus on winning can lead to physical and mental burnout.
Tom: And that pressure must be huge in the big spring and summer tournaments. I think I'd probably be a wreck out there: thinking about all my years of practice, all the people in my school's prefecture cheering me on, all the eyes glued on the TV watching me … That could be too much for a teenager. But you know, it might also be the best moment of their lives.
Win or lose, the emotion on their faces shows how much that experience means to them.
Takeshita: It can definitely go both ways. Another criticism is the narrow focus on baseball. Some believe that the intense dedication required can limit students' opportunities to explore other interests or their academic studies.
Tom: Well, that's true for more than just high school baseball — if you're really intense about something, whatever it is, it can limit you. But I suppose the time players invest puts them in a different category than other students. It's a double-edged sword, isn't it? While high school baseball can offer incredible experiences, it can also be overwhelming, sometimes at the expense of a balanced lifestyle.
Takeshita: The debate continues, so we’d love to hear our listeners' thoughts on the topic, too!
---
So what did you put effort into during high school?
-It seems very long time ago, but I remember I was reading books both in Japanese and in English.
-And I think well.. I did a lot of stuff with music. Yeah, I was in a band and things like that. -It's nice. -Also, I was the manager or the scorekeeper on my high shool's baseball team. So this brought back good memories.
-That's interesting. I put effort into maybe horse riding and school council.
-生徒会=> School coundil, it works, yeah.
-It wat really hard working but fun. That's good memory.
Game!
----
ニュースで学ぶ「現代英語」 英 偽情報に端を発した暴動が拡大
8月28日(水)
ANTI-IMMIGRANT RIOTS IN UK LEAD TO AROUND 380 ARRESTS
Some 380 people have been arrested in the past week as violent anti-immigrant protests spread across Britain. The unrest was triggered by a knife attack that killed three children and injured 10 others in Southport, England, last week.
On Sunday, far-right protesters in Rotherham, also in England, tried to break into a hotel housing asylum-seekers. At least 12 police officers were injured after bricks and other objects were thrown at them.
The unrest began last Tuesday, after misinformation about the suspect's background was shared online. False claims the teenager was a Muslim immigrant who arrived in the UK illegally sparked anti-immigrant violence. Protests have spread across the country, with demonstrators vandalizing mosques and other buildings.
Prime Minister Keir Starmer has denounced the violence.
(Keir Starmer / British Prime Minister)
“The full force of the law will be visited on all those who are identified as having taken part in these activities.”
（2024年8月6日のニュース）
---
- The unrest was triggered by a knife attack that killed
unrest「（政治的、社会的な）混乱、騒動、不安」 - a hotel housing asylum-seekers
- False claims
- with demonstrators vandalizing mosques and other buildings.
- has denounced the violence
denounceは「（公然と）批判する、非難する、糾弾する」 - The full force of the law will be visited on all those who are identified as having taken part in these activities.
denounce「（公然と）批難する」
visit「（人に災いなどを）与える、見舞う、（災いなどで人を）苦しめる、罰する」
visit A on B「ＢにＡを見舞う、ＢをＡで罰する」
division / polarization「分断」
measures against misinformation「偽情報対策」
---
The unrest began last Tuesday, after misinformation about the suspect's background was shared online.
- misinformation「誤報、偽情報」
= false information / inaccurate infromation
<> disinformation「人を欺く意図をもって故意に広める偽情報」
- vandalize「（公共物・芸術作品などを意図的にまたは無知から）破壊する、損壊する」
=> vandal
Here's the sentence from the story.
Prime Minister Keir Starmer has denounced the violence.
So, a good word to know here is "denounce."
Denounce and criticize both have the same basic meaning to say that something isn't right. You can use both in some cases.
But there are some slight differences.
We normally use criticize when want to talk about something's faults to indicate that there are mistakes.
*criticeze 間違えを指摘する・あらを探す
“Denounce” is stronger and more total. When you “denounce” something, you're publicly saying that the thing itself is wrong or evil.
- The full force of the law will be visited on all those who are identified as having taken part in these activities.
This sense of “visit” is often used in the passive voice. “Be visited on” is a very old-fashioned, formal phrase. Since it's often used with punishments, damage, and other unpleasant things, it sounds pretty heavy and serious.