2023年9月5日(火)
be all Greek to ...「～にはちんぷんかんぷんだ」
the name of the game 最も重要なこと, いちばん肝心な点
-The most important aspect or component of something; the main point of an activity
prowess[ˈpraʊəs]「優れた能力、卓越した手腕」
technology prowess「優れた技術力」= technological prowess
sturgeon[ˈstɜrʤən]チョウザメ
★変わった形の複数形
=>「海藻」algae[ˈælʤi] 複数形<- alga 単数形
alumnus[əˈlʌmnəs] 「卒業生」
alumni[əˈlʌmˌnaɪ]
stimulus[ˈstɪmjələs]「刺激」
stimuli[ˈstɪmjəˌlaɪ]
bacterium[bækˈtɪriəm]
bacteria[bækˈtɪriə]
edible[ˈɛdəbəl]
algae[ˈælʤi]
caviar[ˈkæviˌɑr]
genome[ˈʤiˌnoʊm]
carbon[ˈkɑrbən]dioxide[daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd]
farm「（魚などを）養殖する」
“陸上養殖”に通信各社の参入相次ぐ
JAPAN TELECOMS TURN TO LAND-BASED AQUACULTURE
2023年8月20日のニュース
---
According to a certain company, what will it use to speed up the growth rate of fish?
- NTT Green & Food says it will use breed improvement technology for fish to speed up their growth rate and increase their edible portions.
----
Japanese telecommunications firms are bringing their technology prowess to land-based aquaculture.
NTT has launched a joint venture with a startup from Kyoto University to engage in land-based farming. NTT Green & Food says it will use breed improvement technology for fish to speed up their growth rate and increase their edible portions.
It also says it will use genome editing technology to engineer algae, the basis of fish and shellfish feed. The process will allow the algae to store more carbon dioxide.
Telecom giant SoftBank has launched a research project to farm sturgeon, along with partners including Hokkaido University. The project aims to develop technology to stably produce high-quality caviar. It'll use artificial intelligence to analyze data.
---
A project by a telecom giant aims to develop technology to do something stably. What is it?
-The project aims to develop technology to stably produce high-quality caviar.
---
★Discussion Session
Asuka: When I first heard today's news, I didn't understand why telecoms would get involved in aquaculture. How did you feel, Tom?
Tom: I thought it was a bit of an odd couple too. Telecom and aquaculture don't seem to have much in common.
Asuka: Definitely. As I tried to understand the news, I thought the companies are very clever to utilize the expertise of enormous data which telecoms currently have. Data are vital in this information era, aren't they?
Tom: Data is definitely the name of the game right now.
Asuka: Did you know that the Ministry of Education has just started a new project regarding data?
Tom: No. What's it all about?
Asuka: They are promoting the establishment of new departments in existing universities to teach information technology or data science by offering funding.
Tom: I think that makes sense. It'll probably help universities attract more students looking for practical skills.
Asuka: True. This movement clearly shows that the Japanese government is eager to do something to keep up with this latest global trend. Are there similar movements in the U.S.?
Tom: There are. Last year, in fact, the university I went to phased out programs like Greek and Peace Studies, and created a new data science major to better fit students' needs.
Asuka: Things are changing so quickly. The current movement is all Greek to me.
---2023年9月4日(月)
“恒大グループ”が米で破産法適用を申請
CHINA'S EVERGRANDE FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY PROTECTION IN U.S.
2023年8月18日のニュース
The struggling Chinese property developer Evergrande Group filed for bankruptcy protection on Thursday with a New York court.
The real estate giant was first declared in default in 2021, after Beijing tightened the rules on the property sector. In July, Evergrande reported a net loss of almost 15 billion dollars for 2022. Combined with the previous year, its net loss amounts to more than 80 billion dollars.
If its filing is approved by the court, the company's assets will be protected in the United States. Evergrande is the world's most indebted property developer, but is expected to seek ways to rebuild its businesses.
Evergrande issued a statement explaining that the application was what it called a “normal procedure” for offshore debt restructuring.
Many real estate-related companies in China face mounting woes amid the sector's prolonged downturn.
023年8月31日(木)
健康保険証廃止の方針 当面維持
KISHIDA VOWS TO EASE CONCERNS OVER MY NUMBER SYSTEM
2023年8月4日のニュース
The system has been marred by a string of errors
spearhead 先頭にたつ ＝＞ take the initiative [ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
probe 調査
Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio says he will take the initiative to dispel public concerns over the country's My Number national ID system.
The system has been marred by a string of errors, including more than 7,000 cases of people's health insurance data being mistakenly registered to others.
Kishida said he'll spearhead the government's comprehensive inspection of My Number. The probe is to be completed by this autumn.
He outlined the policy of abolishing health insurance cards by integrating them into the My Number IDs. He said the government is sticking to its plan to scrap the cards in the fall of 2024. But he said that the timing could be delayed, depending on the results of the inspection.
He said people who do not have the integrated My Number cards will receive certificates so that they can continue to access insurance-covered medical treatment.
ーーーー
He will take the initiative to dispel public concerns over the country's My Number national ID system.
He will take the initiative
to dispel public concerns
over the country's My Number national ID system.
ーーーー
★固有名詞を大文字
the country's My Number national ID system
>Alright. With capital letters much easier to read.
Is this your my number card?
> Alright. But this is pretty confusing to look at these words don't normaly go next each other. Here goes.
Is this your My Number card?
Yeah, that's really great to here.
I hope there are more listerners here like Charo-san out there.
ーーーーー
2023年8月30日(水)
７月の世界の平均気温 史上最高に
JULY HEAT SOARED TO GLOBAL RECORD, EU AGENCY SAYS
2023年8月9日のニュース
An EU agency says July 2023 was Earth's hottest month since data recording began in 1940.
The Copernicus Climate Change Service announced on Tuesday that last month's global average temperature was 16.95 degrees Celsius. That's above the previous record of 16.63 degrees in July 2019. The hottest day was July 6, when the global average was 17.08 degrees.
The EU agency says warmer waters contributed to the exceptionally high temperatures. It says global sea surface temperatures have been unusually warm since mid-May. The average reached a record 20.96 degrees on July 31, exceeding the previous high of 20.95 degrees set in March 2016.
The agency says greenhouse gas emissions from human activity are the main driver of the record-high readings.
2023年8月29日(火)
中国 日本への団体旅行を解禁
CHINA RESUMES GROUP TOURS TO JAPAN
2023年8月11日のニュース
Foreign tourists have once again become a common sight across Japan, and groups from China will soon be joining them. The Chinese government announced Thursday it is lifting a ban on group tours to the country with immediate effect.
China began lifting restrictions on group tours in stages from February. On Thursday, 78 countries and territories were added to the list, including Japan, the United States, and the U.K.
Businesses across Japan are welcoming the news Chinese tour groups will be back for the first time in about three and a half years. Hopes are high because the number of foreign travelers to Japan has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels.
In June, just over 2 million people visited the country, roughly 70 percent of the amount seen before the pandemic. In 2019, Chinese travelers accounted for 30 percent of the total number of international tourists.
2023年8月28日(月)
ハワイ 山火事の被害拡大
MAUI WILDFIRE DEADLIEST IN U.S. IN OVER 100 YEARS
2023年8月13日のニュース
We begin with updates on the aftermath of the devastating wildfires in Hawaii. The death toll from the disaster has risen to at least 93. Local media have reported that it is the deadliest wildfire in the United States in more than a century.
(Josh Green / Hawaii Governor)
“Our focus now is to reunite people where we can and get them housing and get them healthcare, and then turn to rebuilding.”
The wildfires on Maui Island broke out on Tuesday and were fanned by strong winds from a passing hurricane. The once-bustling town of Lahaina has been largely reduced to ash.
(Lahaina evacuee)
“You'll walk down some of these streets, and you don't even recognize which street you're on anymore. It's just like, all this ... just ... chaos and mayhem.”
The Pacific Disaster Center says more than 2,200 buildings were damaged or destroyed. Over 1,400 people are staying in six shelters on the island. Officials say rebuilding costs will amount to more than 5 billion dollars.
2023年7月31日(月)
ウクライナ農産物 ロシアが輸出停止
RUSSIA CONDEMNED FOR PULLING OUT OF GRAIN DEAL
2023年7月18日
We start with the growing international condemnation against Russia for pulling out of a major grain deal. Officials warn this decision is going to hurt some of the world's most vulnerable people.
condemnation
[ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən]
---
What had the agreement helped to stabilize for millions around the world?
-The agreement had helped stabilize food costs for millions around the world.
---
The Black Sea Grain Initiative allowed Ukrainians to safely export grain and fertilizer through Black Sea ports amid the ongoing war. The agreement had helped stabilize food costs for millions around the world. It expired on Monday.
vulnerable
[ˈvʌlnərəbəl]
Initiative
[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
stabilize
[ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz]
---
According to the British foreign secretary, in which three areas are the poor and vulnerable particulary harmed by the war?
- Ukrainians are Russians' principal victims. But this war is also harming the poor and the vulnerable across the world, particularly in Africa, in Asia, and in Latin America.
----
The UN Security Council met shortly after Russia's announcement.
(James Cleverly / British Foreign Secretary)
“Ukrainians are Russians' principal victims. But this war is also harming the poor and the vulnerable across the world, particularly in Africa, in Asia, and in Latin America.”
Moscow says it may come back to the table, but only if Russian grain and fertilizer exports are allowed and some Western sanctions are eased.
----
condemnation「（特に道徳的な観点からの）厳しい非難」
pull out of ...「（契約などから）手を引く、（合意などから）離脱する」
fertilizer「肥料」f=> fertilize「肥沃にする、豊かにする」
millions = millions (of people)「何百万の人々」とも「多数の（無数の）人々」
the＋形容詞「～な人々」
the poor「貧しい人々」
the vulnerableは「立場の弱い人々」
the rich「裕福な人々、富裕層」
the young「若者たち」
the tableは「会議・交渉の席」
it may come back to the table「それが交渉の場に戻るかもしれない」
but only if ...「もし～となった場合にのみ」
----
★イギリス英語の特徴『スムージング』
poor
[pur]
poor
[pʊə] 「ポー」
二重母音「ウァ」が、イギリス英語では長母音「オー」に
tower
fire
tower
[ˈtaʊə] 「ター」
fire
[ˈfaɪə] 「ファー」
tower
[ˈtaʊər]
fire
[ˈfaɪər]
The poor tower is on fire.
---
★アクセントの位置で意味が違う
２つの単語が並 > 初の単語や要素にアクセント>固有名詞や特殊な意味を表す
Black Sea「黒海」*Seaにアクセント
black sea 黒い海 後ろの単語にアクセント
White House 「（アメリカ大統領の官邸であり公邸である）ホワイトハウス」
white house 「白い家」
cold cream 「（化粧を落とす）コールドクリーム」
cold cream 「冷たいクリーム」
greenhouse 「温室」
green house 「緑色の家」
Do you live in a greenhouse or green house?
I live in a greenhouse.
Oh, so you must be a plant.
---
transgender「トランスジェンダーの」=> trans
---
A district court found those restrictions to be illegal, but the Tokyo High Court later overturned that ruling.
A district court found
those restrictions to be illegal,
but the Tokyo High Court later overturned that ruling.
---
★単数なの？複数なの？
TOP COURT: RESTROOM RESTRICTIONS FOR TRANS WOMAN ILLEGAL
The country's Supreme Court has ruled a workplace's restriction on which bathroom a transgender employee could use was not legal.
---
restrictions ? restriction?
Well in this particular case they are both correct since they are essentially refering to the same thing.
---
In the US, I think the growing legal recognition of transgender identity is really changing the consciousness as those changes help people feel confortable being open about their identity, gender variety is gradually becoming a part of every day life especially among younger people.
-----
counter + espionage => counterespionage
espionage「スパイ行為、スパイ活動、諜報」
counter + noun=>「対抗策、対応策」
raise concern「懸念を引き起こす」
arbitrarily「恣意的に、一方的に」
lock up「閉じ込める、留置する、収監する」
alleged + 犯罪=>「～容疑」
alleged spying「スパイ容疑、スパイの疑い」
alleged corruptionなら「汚職（贈収賄）容疑、汚職の疑惑」
prison termは「刑期、刑務所に一定期間入れられること、懲役」
be given a prison termは「実刑判決を受ける」
be sentenced to (a) prison (term) = receive a prison sentence
a suspended prison termなら「執行猶予付きの刑（懲役）」
behind closed doors「非公開で、秘密裏に、水面下で」
elaborate on ...「～について詳しく具体的に説明する」
breach 約束などを破る・違反, 不履行, 侵害,
<> bleach (…を)漂白する
espionage
[ˈɛspiənɑʤ]
------
Authorities in China have broadened their definition of espionage in a revised law that took effect Saturday.
Authorities in China have broadened
their definition of espionage
in a revised law that took effect Saturday.
-----
★take effectはなぜ「施行される」
take >> 「自分の前に存在させる」>>何かが「現れる・起きる・生じる」
「効果が現れる」
「（法律が）施行される」
「（規則が）実施される」
「（条約が）発効する」
「（薬が）効く」The medicine took effect.
That's the basic idea, right. From there, the meaning of take effect changes slightly depending on the subject.
------
I think it'll be a while before we can assess how and where the impact of the revision's taking effect. But I worried about what they'll mean for realations between China and other countries.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A group called Students for Fair Admissions filed lawsuits against two universities. Which universities are they?
- A group called Students for Fair Admissions filed lawsuits against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What does an open letter posted by Officilas at Harvard say?
-They'll comply with the decision. But they maintain that learning depends on a community comprising people of many backgrounds and perspectives.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
strike down「打ち倒す」=>「無効にする、却下する」
affirmative action「アファーマティブ・アクション（積極的差別是正措置）」
-長年、不平等な待遇を受けてきた黒人など少数派の人々に、教育や雇用などの機会を積極的に与える措置
Equal Protection Clause 合衆国憲法の「平等保護条項」
measurable objectives「数値化できる目標」
comprise「～で構成される、～から成る」
perspective「視点、（物事に対する）見方」
warrant「正当化する、正当な理由となる」
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
★They claim the schools admitted Black and Hispanic students who were unqualified and discriminated against white and Asian American applicants.
★affirmative action
「アファーマティブ・アクション」「積極的差別是正措置」
=> 英 positive discrimination
In a 2003 supreme court case two white applicants to a famous US university successfully challenged it's point system for addmition. To get in, an applicant needed 100 points and people from under represented minority groups automatically received twenty points.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tout A as Bは「ＡをＢであるとほめ（ちぎ）る、もてはやす、さかんに宣伝する」
seat n.「座席」
verb「座席に座らせる、（～人分の）座席を持つ」
* Seat is more than just a noun. HEre's another example of it as a verb.
The theater seats 2,000 people.「
run on ...「機械などが～で（を動力源に）動く」
------
Aircraft touted as next-generation flying vehicles are on display for the first time.
Aircraft touted as next-generation flying vehicles
are on display
for the first time.
------
Aircraft touted as next-generation flying vehicles
are on display
at one of the world's largest aviation events.
------
★aircraftは複数でもsを付けずにaircraft
aircraft=>「単複同形」
「１台の航空機」an aircraft
「２台の航空機」two aircraft
Aircraft touted as next-generation flying vehicles are on display for the first time.
So, aircraft can be used for airships, helicopters, cockets and more.
=> drones
-------
So it sure sounds like air taxies are on the horizon. Would you want to ride on?
*on the horizon
- By extension, happening or appearing in the near future.
ーーーーー
the Arctic「北極（地方）」
＝＞北極点（the North Pole）とその周辺地域
the Antarctic「南極（地方）」＝＞「南極大陸」ならAntarctica
-freeは「～のない」
stress-free「ストレスのない」
a nuclear-free world「核のない世界」
tax-free「免税の」
as early as ...「早くも、早ければ（～には）」
underscore「下線を引く」=>「強調する、重要性を示す」＝underline
greenhouse gas「温室効果ガス」＝＞ 二酸化炭素（carbon dioxide）
ecosystem「生態系」
＝＞the ecosystem「自然界（全体）の生態系」/「地球（全体）の生態系」
-----
Scientists are warning the Arctic may become ice-free during the summer as early as the 2030s.
Scientists are warning
the Arctic may become ice-free during the summer
as early as the 2030s.
-----
★2030sにはなぜsが付く
as early as the 2030s「早ければ２０３０年代にも」
=> the 2030s「twenty thirtyが複数」ある
twenty thirty
twenty thirty-one
twenty thirty-two
twenty thirty-three
twenty thirty-four
twenty thirty-five
twenty thirty-six
twenty thirty-seven
twenty thirty-eight
twenty thirty-nine
-----
Well, I looked into the imapct of ice-free Arctic summer and it was pretty frightening. The ice reflects the sun, so without it solar heat would be absorbed into the ocean leading to more warming and what comes with it.
just around the corner...
ーーーーー
---------
emergeは「現れる、出現する」>>映像が「出た、公開された」
rescue worker「救助隊員」
Amazon 南米の「アマゾン」>> jungle
asphalt jungle「アスファルトジャングル」
concrete jungle「コンクリートジャングル」
indigenous「先住民の、土着の」
be found alive <> be found dead
aged＋年齢は「～歳の」<> aged 熟成された
adult「大人、成人」
=> grownup主に「子どもの視点から見る大人」として子供が使う言葉
discard「捨てる」 =>discarded pieces of fruitは「果物の食べ残し」
what appeared to be ...
human bite mark「人間がかじった跡」
dehydration「脱水症（状）」
insect bite「虫刺され」
praise「称賛する、褒める」
survival「生存、生き延びること」
exemplary 模範的な、模範となる、称賛すべき
------
The indigenous siblings aged from one to 13 were on board a small plane that crashed in a forest in southern Colombia on May 1.
The indigenous siblings aged from one to 13
were on board a small plane that crashed
in a forest in southern Colombia on May 1.
------
★forest
「森」>> 英語のforest= 広大な面積,人里から遠く離れた大自然「森林（地帯）」
Then there are woods, which are smaller areas with less tree density. Places where you might take a nice walking in the shade among squirrels or birds or like.
forrest =>樹木がうっそうと茂って日差しが届かない薄暗い地域 > 恐ろしい地域
------
Just imagine that courage and resourcefulness those children have. The will they had not to just live but also to keep each other alive is so inspiring. To me, that's example for all of us.
exemplary
prankster ふざけ者
prank video 迷惑ビデオ
pronk いたずら
sue for
ｰｰｰｰｰ
How much is the AKiro-sushiroll seeking for damages?
- It's seeking more than 67 million yen, or about 480,000 dollars, in damages.
-----
file a lawsuit against …～に対して訴えを起こす
file a lawsuit with ... に訴えを起こす
seek … in damages「～（金額）の損害賠償を求める」
------
How much was the lost that Akindo-sushiro suffered?
- It says it suffered a loss of about 115 million dollars as a result.
-----
suffer (a) loss「損害を被る」
hygienic controls
-----
★一文ずつ理解
Akindo Sushiro says the video led to a significant drop in customers nationwide and a sharp decline in the share price of its parent company.
video led「動画がきっかけ」
a significant drop in customers「客の大幅な減少」
a sharp decline in the share price「株価の急落」
------
clout
権力, 影響力, 強打
power or influence, esp in politics
To hit, especially with the fist.
digital tatoo
インターネット上に書き込まれたコメントや画像など、一度拡散された情報が半永久的にインターネット上に残されることを
-----
trade blame 避難し合う
tens of thousands of …「何万もの～、数万の～」
displace「住む場所から追いやる、立ち退かせる、追放する」
> 名詞形 displacement「強制退去、追放」
-----
What denied responsibility and blames Ukraine?
- The Kremlin denies responsibility and blames Ukraine.
-----
scramble to ...「大急ぎで～する、～しようと奔走する、苦労して～しようとする」
troops 通例複数形で「部隊」
hydroelectric「水力発電の」
mine「地雷や機雷を仕掛ける」
------
What do the operators say about stopping the water?
- the operators say stopping the water is impossible
運営者たち
-----
under evacuation orderは「避難命令が出されて」
regime「体制、政権、政府」
the Kyiv regime「ウクライナ政府」
act of …「～の行為、～という行為」
act of war「戦争行為」
act of love「愛の行為」
act of God「神の行為、（予測不能な）天災」
sabotage「破壊工作、妨害行為、サボタージュ」
effective「効果的な」
effectively 「効果的に、有効に」と=> ここでは「事実上、実質的に」
------
★音の連結
officials on both sides scramble to provide humanitarian aid
the Kyiv regime committed an act of sabotage
-----
★water
waterには、「水」と「お湯」のような温度による区別はありません
drink water「水を飲む」「冷たい水」
boil water「お湯を沸かす」
the water => 陸地に対して「水のある場所」
I fell into the water yesterday.
the watersと複数形 => 「海域、水域」
the territorial waters of Japanなら「日本の領海」
Still waters run deep.
「穏やかな人は、たくさんのことを知っていたり、情熱を秘めたりしている」
「無口な人には、ずる賢さが隠されている」というネガティブな意味でも使うことがあるので、注意
stillは「動きのない、静かな」
---
cedar pollen「スギ花粉」
hay feverは「花粉症」
push「活動、活発な取り組み、推進」
cedar tree「スギの木」
replace A with B「ＡをＢと取り換える、すげ替える」
forestry ministerここでは日本の「農林水産大臣」
cut ... in half「～を半分に減らす」
count「総数」
white blood (cell) count「白血球数」
head count「人数、頭数」
cholesterol count「コレステロール値」
body count「（戦争などでの）死者数」
translate 「（換算すると）～に相当する、～になる」
are to be planted with
be＋to ...の形「～することになっている」
strain「品種」
a strain of cedar that produces less pollen= low-pollen type
sapling 苗木
ｰｰｰｰｰｰｰ
Cedar pollen triggers hay fever, causing suffering for millions of people in Japan.
Cedar pollen triggers hay fever,
causing suffering
for millions of people in Japan.
★hay fever 花粉症
hay「干し草、枯れ草」
feverは「発熱」
pollen allergies「花粉による各種のアレルギー」
People generaly use hey fever as a blancket term regardless of what actcually causes symptoms. If you want to be a little more acurate though, you can also say pollen allergies.
>> allergic rhinitis「アレルギー性鼻炎」
I've never heard that one in conversation.
If you want to get the meaning across without any probrem, a good way is...
I'm allergic to pollen. or
I have pollen allergies.
-----
Well, late March is a miserable time for me with hey fever hitting me so hard for about two tweeks every year. Any idea for reducing the amount of pollen falling around, it's like music to my ears or maybe I should say, music to my eyes and nose!?
music to my ears 嬉しいニュース