ラジオ英会話
ラジオ英会話～ハートでつかめ！英語の極意～（201）
1月30日(月)
I get nervous when I’m in the studio.
Why is that? Just relax and be yourself.
Ah, I’ll try. I’ll try.
I get nervous when I talk to her.
Who’s the cute girl?
We’re both in the same class.
Her name is Rena.
both =2つのうち両方
Is she your girlfriend?
Come on, Mom.
I’m too young to have a girlfriend. We’re just friends.
just ピッタリ=>友だちというのにピッタリ>>ただの友だち
That’s fine.
fine 濁りがない,すっきり =>問題ない、それでいい
What do you talk to her about?
talk to ... about (what)
I haven’t really talked to her a lot yet.
yet =未完
I get nervous when I talk to her.
Just relax and be yourself.
You know I’m shy, Mom.
So was your dad... at first.
That’s hard to believe.
Hey, guys. You don’t have to be shy about checking our textbook.
Grammar and Vocabulary
I’m too young to have a girlfriend.
too ～過ぎる＝＞過ぎて 「できない」が感じられている
何ができないかをto 以下で述べている
Can you reach the top shelf?
- I’m too short.
That’s hard to believe.
hard
easy
+ to ...
believe that +....
Feel English
I get nervous when I talk to her.
talk to ...
When I opened the door, a cat ran out.
When 主節の主語が省略、主語が＝のとき
When (he’s) angry, he shouts.
When angy, ...
When (you’re) in doubt, don’t ～.
When in doubt, ....
Call me when you arrive at the hotel.
when 節のarrive が現在形になっている。
willも使われない＝＞主節内容の「前提」になっているから
when + ... 現在形
as soon as / after / before / until～ / if～ など、
時や条件を表わす節に広く見られる
PRACTICE
OK, guys. It’s practice time. From today, we’re going to look at common linking words. And we’ll begin with “when.” It’s very easy. It basically indicates the time something happens, past, present, future, whenever. So, let’s go.
And remember when you practice, think in English. Okay?
When I opened the door, a cat ran out.
Once more. When I opened the door, a cat ran out.
When (he’s) angry, he shouts. When angry, he shouts.
When (you’re) in doubt, don’t ～. Whenin doubt, don’t ～.
Okay. And one more.
Call me when you arrive at the hotel.
Once more. Call me when you arrive at the hotel.
Great! Easy, wasn’t it?
You guys did wonderful.
Expressions in Action
All the students stood up when the principal came into the classroom.
stand stood stood
the principal
My dog barks loudly when someone comes close to my house.
bark
when ... comes(現在形）
come close to
Call me when you get the test result.
test result
When I was young, I’d listen to the radio…
ラジオ英会話～ハートでつかめ！英語の極意～（199）
1月26日(木)
Are you ready for today’s lesson? Because we’re about to get started.
Let’s get started!
Lesson 199
I didn’t face any long lines because I arrived at the immigration office early.
Mr. Emori, I got my new residence card.
Congratulations!
Plural
Thank you. It was such a relief.
It wasn’t as difficult as I thought it would be.
That’s good. Did you have to wait a long time?
No. I didn’t face any long lines because I arrived at the immigration office early.
Can I see the card?
Sure.
It’s a nice photo of you.
a nice photoの説明= of you
Wait. Your birthday is tomorrow.
Yes, it is.
So, let’s celebrate!
Grammar and Vocabulary
It wasn’t as difficult as I thought it would be.
not + as ... as + A(sentence)
Aほど～ではない
Your birthday is tomorrow.
現時点で確定している未来＝ 現在の事実＝現在形
こうしたcalendar 上の事実の他、時刻表・式次第などでよく使われる
Feel English
I didn’t face any long lines because I arrived at the immigration office early.
I broke up with her because she’s so self-centered.
because 二つの文をつなげる= 必ず一文ではなく複数のsentence
Why do you love him?
– Because he’s so funny and kind.
単独で一文で終わっているのは例外
I married him not because he’s rich, but because he’s kind.
Did you marry him just because he’s good-looking?
not because～ ～だからではない
just because～ ～というだけで
mainly because～ ～主に～という理由で
partly because 部分的には～の理由で
only because～ ～というだけで
This house is always messy because of you.
because of + 名詞
because + 節
I gained weight.
– That’s because you don’t exercise at all.
That’s because ～ それは～ だから 「理由・原因」
It’s because ～
PRACTICE
OK, guys. Are you ready to practice?
Today, let’s look at another connecting word “because.” Now the main feature of “because” is… as always we should focus on the rhythm of the sentence. A>> B. And in this case, “because” introduces a strong reason or cause. So we have A, because – reason or cause. So that flow. Let’s keep that flow in mind.
Here we go.
I broke up with her because she’s so self-centered.
I broke up with her > flow + because > reason > she’s so self-centered.
So, let’s try once more.
I broke up with her because she’s so self-centered.
Let’s continue.
I married him not because he’s rich, but because he’s kind.
So we had two in there, right? Let’s do that one more time.
I married him not because he’s rich, but because he’s kind.
One more.
Did you marry him just because he’s good-looking?
Okay, continuing on.
This house is always messy because of you.
Once more. This house is always messy because of you.
And our last example.
I gained weight.
– That’s because you don’t exercise at all.
Should we try that once more.
I gained weight.
– That’s because you don’t exercise at all.
Well done, guys.
That’s because they’re very serious about their English study.
Expressions in Action
I wore a down jacket because it was freezing outside.
wear wore wore
I eat lots of vegetables not because I like them, but because they’re good for my health.
Hey, guys. I eat lots of vegetables because they’re good for my health.
Well, that may be true. But you eat lots of snacks too, right?
ラジオ英会話～ハートでつかめ！英語の極意～（198）
1月25日(水)
That jacket is quite bright but surprisingly it suits you.
Well, you know, I wanted to change my image. So, there you go.
I like him, but I hate his sense of humor.
Hi, Safiya. Wow! I like your new hairstyle!
Thanks, Chris. I wanted to change my image a bit.
want これから動詞 ＝＞ want to change...
It suits you.
suit 似合う
By the way, how was your lunch with Ohinshi-sensei yesterday?
It was nice. We had sushi.
Was it good?
It was, but surprisingly the restaurant ran out of pickled ginger.
Then Onishi-sensei laughed and said, “No ginger? Shoga nai desu ne.”
He used that old joke again?
Yeah. I like him, but I hate his sense of humor.
Grammar and Vocabulary
We had sushi.
eat もぐもぐといった、食べる行為が直接的
have 周りにある>周りに寿司があるこ>そこから「食べる」が間接的に..
It was, but surprisingly the restaurant ran out of pickled ginger.
run out of
run スピーディーに走る動＞水が流れるなど「線」が感じられる
run out of 流出＝＞なくなる
run out of time
run out of cash
run out of space
Feel English
I like him, but I hate his sense of humor.
but 先行する文脈の「流れを打ち消す」接続詞
strict but kind
not a doctor but a teacher
He spoke Japanese but couldn’t read it.
not A but B AではなくB
How about a bunch of roses for your girlfriend’s birthday?
- But we split up last week!
but 相手の発言の流れを打ち消す
but 本題に移る前のクッション
Excuse me, but can you turn the music down, please?
Sorry, but can you turn the music down, please?
I hate to say this, but～
I don’t mean to be rude, but～
Yes , but have you taken into account the maintenance costs?
Yeah, but
PRACTICE
Today, we’re going to practice another conjunction “but.” Now the point to remember about “but” is that it blocks the flow. I like him, buff!, but stop. And the sentence moves off in another direction. I hate his sense of humor. So this buff blocking the flow, image. Keep in your mind, okay? Here we go.
Strict but kind
not a doctor but a teacher
He spoke Japanese but couldn’t read it.
And the next line is when the “but” comes in. So, listen for that.
How about a bunch of roses for your girlfriend’s birthday?
- But we split up last week!
Okay. Some more.
Excuse me, but can you turn the music down, please?
Sorry, but can you turn the music down, please?
And our last example.
Yes, but have you taken into account the maintenance costs?
Yeah, but have you taken into account the maintenance costs?
Well done, guys.
You did great but keep in mind you still need to practice...
Expressions in Action
I tried my best, but I couldn’t fix it.
try one's best 最善を尽くす
Excuse me, but I think this is my seat.
Yes, but that’s not the main problem here.
A bunch of roses for a birthday present impressive, isn’t it?
Well, I think my generation would find it romantic.
Well, I find it a waste. I would much prefer something luxurious that maybe I wouldn’t buy for myself, like a luxury towel.
ラジオ英会話～ハートでつかめ！英語の極意～（197）
1月24日(火)
You can pay in cash, or you can use a credit card.
So, where do you want to go?
I need to go to the Hotel Belle Roza.
need to .. 必要とする これから→ to
That’s the new hotel in San Mateo, right?
Yes, I think so.
Can you fasten your seatbelt, please?
You have to, or it'll keep making that noise.
Oh, sorry. By the way, can I pay in cash?
Yes. You can pay in cash or you can use a credit card.
Great. Wow, I love the deep blue sky.
Wonderful, isn’t it?
= It’s wonderful, isn’t it?
～のことで騒ぎ立てる
make noise (about something)
To be very outspoken about something, especially that which one dislikes or disagrees with.
make a noise
speak or act in a way designed to attract a lot of attention or publicity.
Grammar and Vocabulary
That’s the new hotel in San Mateo, right?
right? ちょこっと疑問
You can pay in cash.
cash -> 不可算名詞 *cash 「形がない」限定詞なしの形
in はそうした手法の範囲内で
Feel English
You can pay in cash, or you can use a credit card.
or は選択を表わす接続詞
Which color do you like, red or blue?
I’m not sure if that was brave or stupid.
Do you agree or disagree?
Uluru, or Ayers Rock, is sacred to Aboriginal people.
50 or 60 people attended the party.
or ＞
相手の理解を助ける言い換えや、正確な数がわからない・興味がないときに使う
Either John or Mary
either はひとつずつ眺める感覚
I don’t care whether you’re exhausted or not.
Whether you like it or not
For better or for worse
*or は「どちらを選んでも」と譲歩
You have to, or it’ll keep making that noise.
or =>「さもないと」
Whether you like it or not.
For better or for worse.
That was great. Now let’s do one last example.
You have to, or it’ll keep making that noise.
Okay, that one’s directly from the dialogue, isn’t it, Roza?
It is. So let’s try it one more time.
You have to, or it’ll keep making that noise
Do you want the blue dress or the red one?
You must overcome your fear of making mistakes, or your English will never improve.
Hey, Chris. Taxi drivers in London are so good, aren’t they?
They are amazing! Did you know they have to take a special test called The Knowledge, which is said to be the most difficult test in the world.
It started to rain, and we both got wet.
So, Jeannie, where is Frankie today?
He said he wanted to spend more time with humans, especially boys.
Oh? I made Frankie curious.
made .... curious 目的語説明型
Frankie = curious
He said he needed friends other than me.
other than ～の他に
Don’t worry, Jeannie. He still likes you.
sstill まだ 依然として
Thanks. Oh, Dr. Frank N. Stein, do you remember this gazebo?
gazebo あずま屋 ガゼボ
Yes, on that day it started to rain, and we both got wet.
I enjoyed watching the rain.
enjoy + ing 目的語としてくる時はing
So did I, Jeannie. So did I.
So did I.
主語・助動詞倒置＞感情の躍動
＜教えて・知りたいという気持ちが動く
Feel English
and
It started to rain, and we both got wet.
「雨が降り始めた」と「2人とも濡れた」の間に流れ
John and Mary
you and me
a cup and saucer
bread and butter
saucer
[ˈsɔsər]
「A…そして…B」
He’s gentle and kind.
I sang and danced.
*and＞時間的な流れも
I made a sandwich quickly and ate it.
and そうすれば
Practice hard, and you’ll improve.
Let’s leave now, and we’ll make it in time.
Today let’s focus on the word “and” as a basic conjunction. The
Let’s continue. I made a sandwich quickly and ate it.
Here, it’s very clear that there’s a time relationship, right?
I made a sandwich and then I ate it.
That’s what we tell you all the time, right?
That’s right.
Good job!
That was excellent!
Expressions in Action
Bob and Mary are coming to your birthday party.
So, here, we’re saying “Bob and Mary are coming” instead of “will come,” because this is talking about set plans.
=>
are coming は予定
I forgot to back up the data and lost everything.
andの流れが原因から結果へ
Change his look.
Get a new dresser.
come down with...
shabby..
They really are.
Which of the following is true?
The woman has a aresident's card.
Mr. Emori sent a postcard to the woman.
The woman won't go to the imigration office by taxi.
official looking....
resident's card
Can't we... ?
in person
taka a day off
go by bus or taxi if you are in a hurry
I have no choice
What did the two people do with the furniture they ordered?
They measured it.
They moved it into the bed room.
They lefted it where is was for the time being.
measure
bigger than I remembered
set it up
just leave it there
had better.. , or
I'm putting on weight.
Eating a lot of chocolate right after lunch explains that.
You need to cut down on calories.
Do some exercise and eat less snacks.
Hi, I'm Barbara. Nice to meet you.
It's nice to finally see you in person.
My wife has told me a lot about you.
It's nice to see you
It's nice to finally see you
Do you workout everyday?
Not everyday. I play tennis once a week and go to the gym twice a week.
So that's what I have time for.
How about you?
We’d better get going or we’ll be late for our program.
Actually, Roza. I have a dental appointment.
So, yeah! We’d better get going indeed.
I hope there’s enough room in the bedroom?
Caspar! The furniture you ordered is here.
Okay. Whoa, this dresser looks bigger than I remembered.
I hope there’s enough room in the bedroom?
I measured it, so it should be fine.
measure 測る
Anyway, we don’t have time to set it up, so let’s just leave it here for now.
time to set it up どういう時間かの説明＋＝＞ to set it up
set it up それを設置する
Right. We’d better get going, or we’ll be late for our dental appointment.
Yes. We’ll sort out the dresser when we get back.
sort out 解決する
when we get back
「私たちが戻る」それが話の前提 =実際に起こっているものとして
現在形 get back
Grammar and Vocabulary
The furniture you ordered is here.
We’d better get going.
had better ～したほうがいい 強い切迫感
I hope there’s enough room in the bedroom.
room 不可算 部屋 ではなく ＞スペース・空間
スペースが区切られ数えられる＞countable
time 時間
漠然と「時間」 uncountable
We don’t have time to set it up now.
Time is money.
Do you have time to talk?
何かを行う 期間・回数・機会
＞＞具体的な時間幅が感じられる＝countable
It took me a long time to get there.
How many times have I told you that?
Did you have a good time at the party?
材料の「ガラス」uncountable
This is made of glass.
製品「グラス」「メガネ」countable
These are champagne glasses.
I always wear glasses.
材料としての「紙」は決まった形がない＞uncountable
Can you put more paper in the printer?
This story is in all the papers.
a paper on ～ ～に関する論文
divorce papers 離婚届 など具体的な形＞加算名詞
I did a lot of work today.
Let’s get down to work.
after work
before work
The complete works of Shakespeare
This is one of Mozart’s earliest works.
漠然と「仕事」=
形がないのでuncountable
仕事の結晶「作品」
= countable
You guys did some great work!
I wish I could spend more time with you.
Red wine should be served in a large glass.
ワイングラス countable
You say, “Red wine should be served in a large glass.” Right?
Yeah!
Why’s that?
Well, you know, in order to enjoy the full aroma and flavor of the red wine, it needs to be exposed to the air. So you need a large glass and you never fill it close to the top.
How do you get home from the studio, by bus, by taxi?
Well, either by bus or by taxi if I'm in a hurry.
You need to go to the imigration office in person.
the post card said
It said you need to go to the in person.
According to this, you need to go to the imigration office in person.
According to this, 指定は前に
I got this official looking postcard yesterday.
offfical looking
Let's see.
It said you need to go and renew your resident's card
resident's card
Can't I do it online?
According to this, you need to go to the imigration office in person.
Then I probably have to take a day off from work.
take a day off
It's easy to get there from the station.
You can go there by bus or by taxi if you are in a hurry.
Oh well. I guess I have no choise.
You need to go to the imigration office in person.
You can write your answers in pen or pencil.
pen / pencil uncountable => 方法が意識されているため
I went to school in Tokyo.
go to school => uncountable
There are many shcools in Tokyo.
by => 手段
You can go by car.
You can go by bus.
You can go by train.
not a chicken => chicken 鶏肉
I ate chicken for dinner.
I ate lamb for dinner.
I ate fish for dinner.
You can write your answers in pen or pencil.
OK. Normally we have one pen, two pens, ten pencils.
Lend me your pencil. Normally these words would be coutable, but look at this.
Definitely not by cars, by buses, by trains.
Uncountable.
At last I get to see you in person.
at last
get to see
=> get to （ようやく）できるようになる・機会を得る
We went to the top of the mountain by helicopter.
I ate lamb at the new Indian restaurant last night.
That is rather slippery of you.
What's all this about?
The silence of lamb...
I think you mean the silence of the Lambs.
slippery => sneaky
I think I’m coming down with something.
We’d better get started quickly.
I want to change some furniture in the bedroom.
Achoo!
Caspar, did you catch a cold?
Ah, I think I’m coming down with something.
come down with 病気に罹る
Drink some hot tea with honey and lemon.
Honey is really good for you.
Yeah, I know.
By the way, Alexis, I was thinking we should make some changes this year.
What do you mean?
I want to change some furniture in the bedroom.
Well, it’s time you got a new dresser for your clothes.
Those plastic boxes are pretty shabby.
shabby みすぼらしい
They really are.
So, what’s the image of shabby?
For me, it’s kind of like ガタガタしている
For me, it’s like, you know, used to be good but now it looks really old and used.
Our text book is just as good for you as honey.
Check it out.
Drink some hot tea with honey and lemon.
Honey is really good for you.
不可算名詞
honeyは形がない
lemonはスライスされたり搾られたり、形がない
It’s time you got a new dresser for your clothes.
get got got => got 過去形 仮定法過去
I want to change some furniture in the bedroom.
furniture >uncountable
家具には決まった形がない,比較的大きめのもの
chair, desk, dresser も家具 furniture の一つ>決まった形はない
Money talks.
Money isn’t everything.
I don’t have much money.
Fruit is a great source of vitamins.
There’s a lot of food on the table.
I spend a lot of money on food.
I’d like to give you some advice.
Information is the key to success.
Advice / information 役立つ知識 というぼんやりとした概念だから
That’s too much information.
言わないで
Let me give you a piece of advice.
a glass of water
a cup of coffee
a spoonful of sugar
a piece of + furniture /fruit / information / paper
Here’s one which many learners get wrong and say “advices.”
I’d like to give you some advice.
Let me give you a piece of advice.
So in this case, a piece is the counter for the advice.
I love your new furniture.
Do you think that money is the root of all evil?
root根・根源
the root of all evil
Money is talking.
Well, time is money. So, I guess we’d better call it a day, huh!
I have a few bottles of red wine.
Oh, that’s great, because some friends are coming over for dinner this evening.
Kelly, my parents are coming over for dinner on Sunday.
Come over
This coming Sunday? We have to clean up the apartment.
I’ll help. Let’s go shopping tomorrow.
What are we going to serve?
～するつもり
I was thinking of Italian food.
We need some olive oil and onions.
Don’t put in too much onion. You usually use too much.
Okay. And a few bottles of red wine.
I didn’t know your parents liked wine.
They drink wine every weekend.
We have to clean up the apartment.
clean up
up > 完全に・すっかり
drink up 飲み干す
eat up 残さず食べる
現在形「広く一般的な内容」習慣的に
You usually use too much.
They drink wine every weekend.
可算名詞・不可算名詞
We need some olive oil and onions.
My dad has some beer at dinner.
My dad has some wine at dinner.
My dad has some cheese at dinner.
My dad has some bread at dinner.
All we need is love.
All we need is peace.
All we need is happiness.
不可算名詞
beer, wine ＞ liquid あるいは gas＞＞ 形はない
cheese / bread にも決まった形がない
love 抽象的
We don’t have much rain here.
不可算名詞
数を基調とする a, an, many, a few などは使えない
量を表す、Much, a little を使う
数・料 両用の
A lot of, lots of, plenty of
Some
Water boils at 100℃.
We need water to live.
Time flies.
Don’t put in too much onion.
＝＞onion 不可算
数えられる丸のままではなく、刻まれ、形をなくしている
Happiness is not always easy to find.
There’s some white wine in the fridge.
Help yourself.
I don’t want Chris to help himself to the wines in the fridge.
Why not?
He will drink it all.
Well, only if it’s good wine. So you don’t have to worry.
Eh! He’s choosy.
Play Brahms’ Third Symphony.
Join the Vienna Philharmonic.
Go to Vienna.
You of all people... あなたこそが