不正選挙について About Election Law Violations


今回の衆議院選挙については、集計ミスの報告や不正選挙の噂が色々と出ているようですね。昨年7月の参院選のときは、香川県高松市で不正開票が行われ、逮捕者も出ました。

Several reports and suspicions have surfaced about election irregularities in connection with the Lower House election which has just concluded. When the Upper House election was held in July of last year, there was improper vote counting in Kagawa Prefecture, and several people were arrested on criminal charges. See the following (in Japanese only).


参議院選白票水増し事件wiki:http://goo.gl/3jMBZ6

1217-01


日本人の国民性は、根が真面目かつ慎重、しかも不正が大嫌いというイメージだったので、昨年に引き続いての一連の情けない報道には少しショックです。

I had an image of Japanese national characteristics of deep honesty and discretion together with a deep dislike of corruption, so I was somewhat shocked to see these further disturbing reports about the last election.


・選挙管理委員会による「次世代の党」隠しに抗議する・Ballots omitting the name of the Party for Future Generations were allegedly mailed to residents living outside the prefecture in Yamanashi Prefecture.  http://www.jisedai.jp/news/1212news01.html



・岡山市、市内4区すべての開票所で集計ミス・Errors were made in counting at all four election districts in Okayama City.  http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASGDH0P8BGDGPPZB00X.html



・次世代票を共産票に誤集計 京都・伏見区・Votes for the Party for Future Generations were mistakenly reported as votes for the Communist Party in Fushimi, Kyoto.  http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20141215/k10013977691000.html



・投票総数が投票者上回る=長崎と沖縄でミス【14衆院選】・In Nagasaki and Okinawa, the total number of votes exceeded the number of persons who actually voted.  http://www.excite.co.jp/News/politics_g/20141215/Jiji_20141215X705.html



・117票どこへ? 「国民審査」用紙、投票者数より少なく…不正開票あった高松市選管・In Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture, the total number of votes was 117 lower than the number of ballots issued. Some people may have taken the ballots home instead of putting them in the ballot box, but this number is suspiciously large.  http://www.sankei.com/west/news/141215/wst1412150028-n1.html


1217-02



公職選挙法(詐偽投票及び投票偽造、増減罪) 第二百三十七条   Public Officials Election Law (Fraudulent Voting, Ballot Forgery, Ballot Tampering), Article 237


選挙人でない者が投票をしたときは、一年以下の禁錮又は三十万円以下の罰金に処する。 Any non-qualified person casting a ballot shall be subject to confinement for up to one year and/or a fine of up to 300,000 yen.


2 氏名を詐称しその他詐偽の方法をもつて投票し又は投票しようとした者は、二年以下の禁錮又は三十万円以下の罰金に処する。 2. Any person attempting to vote using a fraudulent name or by fraudulent means shall be subject to confinement for up to two years and a fine of up to 300,000 yen.


3 投票を偽造し又はその数を増減した者は、三年以下の懲役若しくは禁錮又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。 3. Any person forging a ballot or tampering with vote counts shall be subject to confinement for up to three years and/or a fine of up to 500,000 yen.


4 中央選挙管理会の委員若しくは中央選挙管理会の庶務に従事する総務省の職員、選挙管理委員会の委員若しくは職員、投票管理者、開票管理者、選挙長若しくは選挙分会長、選挙事務に関係のある国若しくは地方公共団体の公務員、立会人又は監視者が前項の罪を犯したときは、五年以下の懲役若しくは禁錮又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。 4. When any of the following persons commits any of the crimes listed in the foregoing, that person shall be subject to confinement for up to five years and a fine of up to 550,000 yen: member of the Central Election Commission, employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications involved in election matters, member or employee of the Election Commission, voting place supervisor, supervisor of vote counting, officer of election district, national or local official related to election matters, and voting place observers and watchmen.

http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S25/S25HO100.html




ちなみに米国でも不正選挙は昔からあります。不正選挙のお陰で当選したという噂が根強い元大統領も存在します。 Alleged election irregularities are a staple of American politics. There are persistent stories about several former presidents winning the election by such irregularities.


参考: http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1396760213



不正選挙の手法としては、 Some examples of alleged irregularities are:


・本人確認が緩いので動員した大人数をバスに乗せて次々に移動し、複数の投票所で投票させる。

・Organized transport of voters to multiple voting stations due to lax identity requirements.


・老人ホームでお年寄りを動員し、付添いと称して特定の候補や政党に投票させる。

・Political party workers going into rest homes and telling residents to vote for certain parties or candidates.


・死者の投票。・Voting by dead persons.


・有効か無効か判断の難しいものを、一方にだけ有利(もしくは不利)に判定する。ここでもっとも有名な件はブッシュ(息子)とゴア―の大統領選で、フロリダ州では、投票用紙に自分が選んだ人の横に穴を空けることになっていましたが、完全に穴が開かなくて髪の破片が残っていた場合をどう数えるのかが焦点になりました。

・Unfair determination of the validity of ballots. The most famous incident was in the Bush/Gore campaign when hanging shards became an issue in Florida.


・投票箱ごと、あらかじめ用意した偽物に交換する。

・Switching out the ballot box altogether.



近年、いくつかの州は不正投票を阻止するために、写真付きのIDを義務付けました。しかしこれらはそれぞれ理由が異なるものの、暫定的に法執行停止の最高裁判決が出ています。各州の状況に合わせて、これから憲法違反かどうか決められるでしょう。執行停止を急いだ主な理由は、これらの法律が低所得者や不在投票者に不利である可能性があるからです。 One recent trend in several states was to require photo ID to vote, but this requirement has been temporarily stayed by the U.S. Supreme Court for various reasons. The Supreme Court will later make final rulings about the constitutionality of these laws later depending on the circumstances in each state. The immediate reason for staying the implementation of these laws was that such laws had the potential to work against low-income voters and people voting by absentee ballots.


公正な選挙は民主主義の根幹です。ですから、これを揺るがす不正行為は暴力を伴わないテロのようなものです。うちわや観劇会の問題で騒いでいる場合ではありません。 Fair elections are the foundation of democracy. Improper attempts to sway the vote are a form of non-violent terrorism. This is not a simple matter of freely distributed paper fans or free tickets to entertainment events [two popular (and relatively benign) forms of “vote bribery” in Japan].


参考:【国会コント】蓮舫さんが松島法務大臣を「うちわ」で追及 http://youtu.be/2BcZ26oK5mo

1217-03


今回のケースが偶発的なミスなのか、それとも組織的な不正が行われたのか。ミスをした本人や責任者、周囲のネットワークを徹底的に調べるべきです。 Whether the currently reported cases are accidental cases or organizational voter fraud remains to be seen, but in all such reported cases, the responsible persons and their support networks should be subjected to a thorough inquiry.



同時に、不正選挙に関わる人たちの厳罰化を行うべきだと思います。もし、この法案に反対する議員や政党がいたとしたら、彼らこそ怪しいですよね! At the same time, stricter penalties should be adopted for all people involved in voting irregularities. Any lawmaker or political party opposing such a measure would seem suspect to me!


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