We will make an exciting trip to the outskirts of the village of Novy Svet, which is located not far from the city of Sudak! Here, just over 100 years ago, specially for the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II on the orders of Prince Golitsyn Lev Sergeyevich, a picturesque path was laid along the Black Sea coast, which was later called Golitsyn's path. Here you can enjoy the greatness of the Crimean nature. The sea in this area is very clean, if the weather is clear. then it is blue. On the way come across juniper trees, beautiful rocks and grottoes. Golitsyna Trail (Falcon path) - a mountain path cut down on the slope of the town of Koba-Kaya, is located along the coastline to the south-west of the village of Novy Svet (Crimea). It was laid in 1912 for the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II on the orders of Prince Golitsyn Lev Sergeyevich. Currently - a popular sightseeing route. The path was built by order of Prince Golitsyn to the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II. The latter visited the estate of Lev Sergeevich in 1912 with his family. It is believed that it was after the king's visit to Paradise (the so-called village where the prince bought up the land to make wine) that the village got its present name - the New World: Nicholas II, after walking along the Golitsyn trail, was invited to the table where he was treated champagne wine, which was produced in the village. Then he said that he sees life in a new light. And the path, which he walked, was called the path of Golitsyn. The path of Golitsyn originates on the south-western shore of the Green Bay (Sudak-Liman). The initial part of the route extends under the northern slope of the mountain Koba-Kaya, also known as the Cave. So it is named because it has many cavities. One of these cavities is Golitsyn's grotto. Golitsyn Grotto (Variety grotto, grotto of Chaliapin) is a large natural grotto, excavated by sea waves in the mountain Koba-Kaya (Cave). The height of the cave is 25-30 meters, width - up to 17 meters. In the Middle Ages it housed a Christian cave monastery. Until the XIX century on one of its walls remained the remains of the painting. Later there was Golitsyn's vodka. Stone arches - vaults for champagne, preserved to this day. In the depths of the grotto is visible music for musicians. Here in the floor a small well is dug, where pure spring water is constantly collected. It is believed that on the stone platform in this grotto himself Chaliapin sang, there is even a legend that from the strong voice of the last broke a glass of champagne. Therefore, the grotto was named in his honor, as well as one of the streets of the village, although according to other sources it is known that the great Russian opera singer never visited the New World. Now sometimes there are concerts on the stage, also with champagne and fireworks. After the Golitsyn Grotto, the path leads to the southern slopes of the Koba-Kaya Mountain. Further it descends and follows along the coast of the Blue bay. The blue bay, also called Razboynichya, is bounded from the east by the Koba-Kaya mountain, and from the west by cape Kapchik. At the time of the Taurus and the ancient Greeks here, according to legend, pirate ships were hiding. Cape Kapchik (Cape Khoba-Burun, cave cape, Turkic cap-cuff - narrow long sac, worn on Dervish's belt) - a narrow long promontory with a narrow isthmus; by origin - an ancient coral reef. The cape divides the Blue and Blue bays. In the middle part of the cape there is a 77 meter long through grotto, now closed to visit. Behind cape Kapchik there is a view of the Blue (Delilimanskaya) bay, which is bounded from the east by the cape Kapchik itself, and from the west by the Karaul-Oba mountain. On the coast of this bay there is a beach, which was chosen by the royal people, that's why the beach is called Tsarskoe. Currently, the Royal beach is located on the territory of the reserve - the reserve "Novy Svet", and access to it is limited. At Cape Kapchik trail Golitsyn passes into the Mozhvevelovuyu grove, leading to the center of the village "New World".
Having visited Kerch, it is necessary to visit the place where Kerch once started. It is Mount Mithrithdat with the ruins of the ancient city of Panticapaeum on it. Panticapaeum was founded by the ancient Greeks and throughout most of its time was part of the ancient Bosporan kingdom, which occupied almost the entire territory of the present-day Crimea Panticapaeum (other Greek, Παντικάπαιον, Latin Panticapaeon, from Taurus (Indo-Aryan) * panti-kapa- 'hill at the strait (path?) Or other Iran. * Panti-kapa- "fish path") - Ancient Greek city , founded in the late 7th century BC. e. people from Miletus on the site of modern Kerch; in the heyday occupied about 100 hectares. The Acropolis was located on the mountain, today called Mithridates. The main deity-patron of the Panticapaeum from the foundation of the settlement was Apollo, the main temple of the acropolis was dedicated to him. The construction of the ancient and grandest by the standards of the Northern Black Sea coast of the building of the temple of Apollo Ietra was completed by the end of the VI century. BC. e. In addition, later next to the palace of the Spartacides was a temple in honor of Aphrodite and Dionysus. The city was eventually girded with a powerful system of stone fortifications, superior to Athens. In the vicinity of the city was a necropolis, different from the necropolises of other Hellenic cities. In addition to the usual at that time for the Greeks of earth burials, the necropolis of Panticapaeus consisted of a chain of barrows stretching along the roads from the city to the steppe. On the south side, the city is bordered by the most significant ridge of mounds, today called Yuz-Oba - one hundred hills. Under their embankments were buried representatives of the barbarous nobility - the Scythian leaders who exercised a military-political protectorate over the city. The mounds are now one of the main sights of the Kerch area. The most popular are the Kul-Oba, Melek-Chesmensky, Golden and especially Tsarskii burial mounds.
. Link: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Пантикапей
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Soooo .... respected "Krymnas" and "Ihtamety" AHTUNG! (Achtung!) Attention! (Attention!) .... CRIMEA! Kerch! The city in the Crimea! Bridge from the Kuban! (Unfinished and unfinished!) A red rag for you ... .Your spiritual clasps ... One of the pillars of the "Russian world" (Crimea Crimea, by the way, DE-JURE! I remind you, maybe someone forgot) We are looking at one of the most beautiful cities in Crimea. Well ... read the footnote to this article in the Russian-language Wikipedia (section "Notes"): https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C#cite_note-npcrimea-1 "This settlement is located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, most of which is the object of territorial disagreements between Russia, which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine. According to the federal structure of Russia, on the disputed territory of the Crimea there are subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol. According to the administrative division of Ukraine, on the disputed territory of the Crimea are the regions of Ukraine - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and a city with a special status of Sevastopol. " AH DO NOT LIKE? NOT BY YOURS, YES? Well, you can not be everything in your entire time! The doors are next door. We leave from the page, from the channel ... Without slamming the door loudly, but quietly covering it! Politely! You are "Polite people"! Ochenchenn! Kerch (Kerch, Crimean Tat. Keriç, Kerich) is a city in the eastern Crimea, on the shore of the Kerch Strait. Earlier names: ital. Bosphoro Cimmerio, Vospro, Cerchio, Cherz, dr. Kerchev, dr.-Greek. Παντικάπαιον. It is one of the oldest cities in the world. The city is a hero. At the end of VII century BC. e. (in 610-590 BC) in the place of modern Kerch, the Greek colonists from Miletus founded the city of Panticapaeum. The Acropolis was located on the mountain, which is now called Mithridates. Panticapaeum became the capital of the Bosporan state of the monarchical type, which was ruled by the dynasty of the Archeanaktis. In 437 BC. e. The dynasty of the Spartacides came to power. Due to its geographic location, the city was for a long time at the intersection of trade routes between Europe, Central Asia, China and the Mediterranean. The main export products of Panticapaeum were wheat, salted fish, fish sauce. Winemaking was widespread. Panticapaeum was active in trade with Greece and the Black Sea countries, was a political, artisan and cultural center, minted its own gold, silver and copper coins. Panticapaeum finally lost its status as the capital of the state in the 370s during the Hunnic invasion. In the VI century, the city was under the authority of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. By the decision of the Emperor Justinian I a garrison was sent here and construction of a fortress called Bospor began. In the same century, as a result of the military clash (576) of the armies of the Türkic Kaganate and Byzantium, the whole Crimea withdrew to the Turks. In the VIII century, the city fell into the sphere of influence of the Khazar Khaganate and was called Karsh or Charsh. By the Xth century, the Slavs became the masters of the Northern Black Sea coast. With the formation of the Tmutarakan principality, the city was named Korchev. Korchev played an important role as the sea gate of Kievan Rus. In the XII century, the old Russian Korchev was raided by Polovtsians and gradually returned to the sphere of influence of Byzantium. In 1318 the city became part of the Genoese colonies in the Northern Black Sea coast, the center of which was Feodosia (Kafa). Genoese called the city "Vospro" or "Vospero". According to the studies of Ye. S. Zevakin and NA Penchko, during the Genoese period, Circassian princes ruled in Vospero. After the capture of the Genoese colonies by the Turks (1475) the city moved to the Ottoman Empire. Under the Ottomans Kerch fell into decay, being subjected to raids by Zaporozhye Cossacks. In 1701, the Turks began the construction of the fortress of Yeni-Kale on the shore of the Kerch Strait. Following the results of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, according to the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardzhy in 1774, Kerch and the fortress of Yeni-Kale with a large adjoining territory were transferred to the Russian Empire. In 1775, Kerch was included in the Azov province of the Azov province, and in 1784 - in the Tauride region. In the spring of 1818, Kerch was visited by Emperor Alexander I and in 1821, by his decree, the mayor's office, port, quarantine was established. From May 13 (25), 1855, to June 10 (22), 1856, during the Crimean War the city was occupied and plundered by the Anglo-French-Turkish troops. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Kerch became the arena of brutal battles between Soviet and German troops. The front line ran four times through Kerch. As a result of the bloody battles, the city was almost completely destroyed (more than 85% of buildings were destroyed). During the occupation, 15 thousand civilians were killed. Of these, 7 thousand were shot in the Bagerovo trench. More than 14 thousand are stolen to Germany. Gold letters are inscribed in the history of the city Kerch-Eltigen landing operation and feat of defenders of Adzhimushkay quarries. In total, 146 soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the battles for Kerch. On April 11, 1944, Soviet troops liberated the city. In honor of the liberation of the city on the top of Mount Mithridates erected Obelisk of Glory and Eternal Flame.
Link: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Керчь
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We never really thought about the origin of the famous mineral water Narzan! The answer is from the Caucasian Mineral Waters, or rather, from the city of Kislovodsk! In this city are the sources of the famous narzan. The presence of them allowed over time to turn a large soldier garrison of tsarist times into a spa town known all over the world! We make a small trip to Kislovodsk and visit those places where you can drink real Narzan for free! Kislovodsk is a resort town, the administrative center of the urban district "Kislovodsk city-resort" of the Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation. It is part of the ecological and resort region of the Caucasus Mineral Waters. The city is the second in Russia (after the city of Sochi) balneological and climatic health resort, the largest in terms of health resorts in the Caucasian Mineral Waters. More than a third of all health resorts in the region are in Kislovodsk. On March 7, 1803, Alexander I rescripted about the construction of a fortification in the place, "where the Caucasian mountains have acid waters." It entrusted the inspector of the Caucasian line to Prince PD Tsitsianov "to put into action the strengthening of this, using military servicemen for that". Fortress Sour waters, belonging to the Azov-Mozdok defensive line, was erected on a hill between the rivers, later named after Olkhovka and Berezovka, at a distance of a cannon shot from the Narzan source. The construction was carried out by the forces of six companies of the 16th Jaeger Regiment from the Constantine fortress from June to October 1803. The founders and the first inhabitants of Kislovodsk were Russian soldiers, who, having served their time in the fortress, remained here to live. Not far from the fortress, on the slopes of the hill, now called Soldatskaya, built tourist and adobe houses covered with reeds or straw, often for 2-3 families. The first streets were the 1st and 2nd Soldiers' and Kabardinskaya streets (after the name of the Kabardinsky regiment, whose soldiers participated in the rebuilding of the fortress). So there was the Kislovodsk soldier's settlement. August 24, 1836 the Resort Boulevard was opened. The architect was defended by D. Bernardazzi. In 1825, four versts to the north of the Kislovodsk fortress the village of Kislovodsk was founded. The first inhabitants of the village were 100 families, moved here from the village of Aleksandrovskaya in the spring of 1826. Cossacks, engaged in spare time from farming and cattle breeding, provided food for the resort and the village. There was a management of the ataman, who controlled stanitsa lands, lands, forests and public capital. June 25, 1903 by the Decree of Nicholas II Kislovodsk Sloboda transformed into a city. Near Kurzal in the Upper Park a beautiful musical shell was built, called crystal for high acoustic properties. In 1920-1930 in the city were created 20 new sanatoria, and in the reconstructed buildings of boarding houses, mansions, and hotels, another 22 sanatoriums were organized. All 20 sanatoriums built in Kislovodsk before the Great Patriotic War were executed in compliance with high sanitary requirements and with the maximum comfort for patients. The exterior forms of buildings are modern, landscaped and adapted for rest and relaxation. They still serve the people. Buildings of sanatoriums are architectural monuments of Russian architecture of the 1930s. After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, further development of the resort was disrupted, Kislovodsk was turned into a hospital base. Already in August 1941, 36 hospitals were set up on the basis of sanatoria-boarding houses and hotels. The city of Kislovodsk for its great selfless work on the treatment and restoration of the health of soldiers, a significant contribution to the development of public health and for the successes achieved in economic and cultural construction, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree. January 11, 1943 Kislovodsk was liberated from the Nazi invaders. For Kislovodsk resort, which has carbonic mineral waters, climate and landscape typical of the middle reaches, diseases are shown in accordance with the main profiles of the resort:
diseases of the circulatory system - conditions after the transferred rheumatic endomyocarditis myocarditis (6-8 months after the exacerbation of the disease) in the absence of activity of the process, with circulatory insufficiency no higher than or without degree I, without adverse prognostic violations of the heart rhythm, which include polytopic, frequent, group early extrasystoles, paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm, atrial fibrillation, etc., as well as violations of the conductivity (atrioventricular block above the first degree) heart defects - mitral valve insufficiency Combined mitral heart disease with prevalence of mitral valve insufficiency state after commissurotomy (no earlier than 6-8 months after the operation) without signs of rheumatic activity, in the absence of insufficiency and in case of insufficient blood circulation not higher than I degree, in the absence of prognostically unfavorable cardiac arrhythmias and conduction (atrioventricular blockade above grade I, beam system) ischemic heart disease with rare attacks of angina pectoris (I-II functional classes), without prognostically unfavorable disorders of heart rhythm and conduction, with circulatory failure not higher than I degree hypertensive disease of stages I-II hypotonic disease diseases of the nervous system - neuroses with a predominant dysfunction of the cardiovascular system atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels without disturbances of cerebral circulation, and also 3-4 or more months after transient disorders of cerebral circulation of light and medium degree nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs outside the period of exacerbation, with pulmonary-vascular insufficiency not higher than I degree. Mineral water The first official description of the sources of the acid sources is found in the notes of Peter I Gottlieb Shober, the Life Doctor of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, in which he mentioned a "fairly acidic spring" in the region of Pyatigorye. "It is a pity that in Russia so poorly dispose of the gifts of nature. Here millions of liters of curative water flow out, and Russians travel to Europe, "wrote P. S. Pallas, a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, who in 1773 gave the first detailed description of the source of Narzan.
All the Kislovodsk narzans are related to one another and contain almost the same chemical elements, although in different proportions. They differ in their degree of saturation with gases and total mineralization.
The water of the famous source of Narzan, which initiated the resort, hydrocarbonate-sulphate calcium-magnesium, the total mineralization of water is 1.8 g / l, and the carbon dioxide content is up to 1.0 g / l, the temperature is 12 ° C. The main narzan is used, mainly, for outdoor procedures.
Narzans of the Kumskoye field were previously supplied to Kislovodsk from the Abazin village of Krasny Vostok to Kislovodsk, along a 45 km long narzanoprovodu. It was the longest mineral water conveyor in the world. Undiluted They are used for drinking purposes, and when mixed with the waters of the central Kislovodsk and Berezovsky springs - for balneotherapy.
The waters of the Dolomite Narzan are characterized by greater mineralization (about 5.0 g / l), including by increasing the concentration of sodium and chlorine ions, and a high content of carbon dioxide (more than 2.0 g / l). They are used for medicinal drinking purposes and are brought to the pump rooms of the Narzan Gallery, the Round Pump Room, to the new pump room on Prospekt Mira. A successful combination of chemical elements, saturating dolomite narzans with high carbon dioxide saturation, allows the use of dolomite narzans for drinking treatment and bottling. Dolomite narzan improves metabolism, increases urine output and excretion of waste products from the body.
The waters of Sulphate Narzan with a salinity of 5.2-6.7 g / l, mainly due to a higher concentration of magnesium sulfate and sodium. It differs by high content of carbon dioxide up to 2 g / l, sulfates, presence of active iron up to 15 mg / l, as well as trace elements (boron, zinc, manganese and strontium). Considerable therapeutic value is the presence of small amounts of arsenic. All these qualities make sulphate narzans especially valuable waters for drinking treatment. Sulphated narzan increases the secretion of the stomach, improves digestion, improves biliary excretion, reduces bloating, regulates intestinal activity
Link: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Кисловодск
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To the west of St. Petersburg on the shore of the picturesque Gulf of Finland is the former summer residence of Peter - the city of Peterhof. In fact, Peterhof is part of St. Petersburg and is located in the Petrodvorets district of the northern capital of Russia. From 1944 to 1997 the city bore the Russian name - Petrodvorets. Then it was again renamed Peterhof. The coast of the Baltic Sea in the Peterhof area is very picturesque. Here you can even swim in good weather - the water here is shallow and well warmed up. The main attractions of Peterhof are the Great Peterhof Palace with its famous gilt fountain Samson. All the paths and avenues of Peterhof Park are made in English style - here emerald lawns and beautiful nature. Peterhof (from Peterhof - "Peter's Court", from 1944 to 1997 - Petrodvorets) - a city, an intracity municipal formation in the Petrodvorets district of the city of federal significance in St. Petersburg. Located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. A large tourist, scientific and educational center to the west of St. Petersburg, 29 km by rail. Peterhof was founded in 1710 as an imperial country residence, the status of the city - since 1762. In the city there is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the Peterhof Museum-Reserve. Naukograd since 2005. Until the beginning of the 18th century, in the place of Peterhof on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, there were the Finnish villages of Kuusoy (Finnish kuusoja - spruce creek) and Pohyayoki (Finnish pohjajoki - the northern river), to the south, on Popova Hill (now Babigon Heights) Papingondo. For the first time Peterhof (Germanhof Peterhof - Petrov dvor) is mentioned in the marching journal of Peter the Great in 1705 as a "courtyard" and pier for moving to the island of Kotlin. In the 1710s there began active landscape and architectural works on the construction of the estate of Peter I. Since 1747, the palace was reconstructed, which was designed by the architect BF Rastrelli. The central part of the palace was enlarged and two side wings were added, connected by galleries with the Church and Armorial corps. The main attractions of Peterhof: - The Great Peterhof Palace; - fountain "Samson" and other fountains; - Upper garden; - Lower park; - Alexandria Park; - Palace Cottage; - The Farm Palace; - The Gothic Chapel; - Lower dacha of Nicholas II; - The Marley Palace; - A large greenhouse; - the Monplaisir Palace; - Tsaritsyn Pavilion; - Holguin Pavilion; - Alexander Park; - English park; - Meadow park; - Belvedere Palace; - Oldenburg Park; - The Palace and Park Ensemble "Own Dacha"; - The palace and park ensemble "Sergievka"; - Palace and park ensemble "Znamenka"; - The palace and park ensemble "Mikhailovka".
Link: https://ru.wikipedia.org/Петергоф
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誰が気にする - 面白いチャンネルを購読する！ https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able We will visit the historical center of Kamyanets-Podilsky, the regional center of the Khmelnytsky region. By the number of architectural monuments, the Old Town of Kamenets-Podolsky confidently holds the second place in Ukraine after Lviv. Not many people know this! The city itself has a population of more than 100 thousand people and is considered the largest district center of the Khmelnytsky region. Until 1941 Kamenetz-Podolsky was the regional center of Kamyanets-Podilsky region. One of the most ancient cities of modern Ukraine. Kamyanets-Podilskyi (Kamianets-Podilsky) is a city in Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine, administrative center of Kamyanets-Podilsky district (not included in its composition). Settlement arose in the 11th century (or at the turn of the 11th-12th centuries) as a stronghold, whose fortifications were repeatedly rebuilt and completed in the early 12th - early 13th centuries. At the end of the XII or the beginning of the 13th century it became part of the Galicia-Volyn principality. In 1240 the city was seriously damaged during the Mongol-Tatar invasion. Subsequently, Podillya became part of the Golden Horde. In 1362, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Olgerd, defeated the Tatars in the Blue Waters and took possession of Podolia, adding him to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in the second half of the fourteenth century Kamenets became the possession of the Lithuanian princes Koryatovich. In 1366, the Order of Dominicans appeared in the city. In 1374 Kamenets received self-government for the granted Magdeburg law. According to the diploma issued to the city, Kamenets was exempted from taxes for 20 years, and also received vast forests and pastures up to the banks of the Dniester. In 1434 Kamenets became part of the Commonwealth and was proclaimed a royal city. From 1463 to 1793 the city was the administrative center of the Podolsky Province. Over the course of four centuries, a huge Catholic monastic complex was formed in the city, including monasteries of Dominicans, Carmelites, Jesuits, Franciscans and Trinitarians. Financial support for the fortification program of the city was provided by both the Polish king and Pope Julius II, allocating impressive sums for strengthening the defensive capacity of the city. In the summer of 1671 Cossacks P. Doroshenko, together with the Tatars under the decree of the Turkish sultan, ravaged the neighborhood of the city. August 8, 1672, the Ottoman army, led by Sultan Muhammad I, on all sides besieged the city. In the siege took part Cossacks P. Doroshenko. In 1672 Kamenets became a member of the Ottoman Empire. For 27 years the Turks were in charge in Kamianets. Most of the indigenous population left the city, trade stopped. Almost all churches and churches of Kamenets were turned into mosques. The bells were banned. The minaret was added to the largest city church. From 1699 to 1793 Kamenets-Podolsky was in the possession of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the second time. Due to the Second partition of Poland in 1792, the western part of Podillia along the Zbruch River moved to Austria-Hungary, and the eastern part of Podillia was annexed to Russia. On April 20 (May 1), 1793, Russian troops approached the city, then the commandant of the fortress Anton Zlotnitsky swore allegiance to Empress Catherine at the Cathedral, and on April 21 (May 2) the Ekaterinoslav Regiment entered the city through the Russian gates July 6, 1795 Kamenets became the administrative center of the Podolsky governorship, from 1797 - Podolsky province. At the beginning of the First World War, the city housed the headquarters of the South-Western Front. August 4, 1914 the city was captured by the Austro-Hungarian army, but two days later, on August 6, the Austro-Hungarian army left the city. October 26 (November 8) 1917 at a joint meeting of the Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies in Kamenetz-Podolsky, Soviet power was proclaimed. On December 27, the Ukrainian 12th Strelets division arrived in Kamenets under the command of the provincial commissioner of the Central Council G. Stepura, who established the power of the UNR by force of arms in the city. On March 24, 1919, an anticolor insurrection began in the city against the Directory, in which city workers, part of the garrison soldiers and peasants of the surrounding villages participated. To suppress the insurrection Petliura was forced to withdraw troops from the front. For half a year the city becomes the capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The directory was headed by Simon Petlyura, Andrei Makarenko and Fedor Shvets. November 6, 1920 in Kamyanets-Podilsky included regular units of the Red Army, the city was restored to Soviet power. In the years 1921-1939. Kamenets-Podolsky was a border town. The border with Poland passed only 30 km from the city along the Zbruch River, and the border with Romania is only 24 km from the city along the Dniester River. In the first hours of the war, the city was subjected to massive bombardment, as a result of which many of the unique architectural monuments were completely destroyed or severely damaged, hundreds of civilians were killed. On July 10, 1941, the advancing German troops occupied Kamenets-Podolsky. On the streets of the city, indicative punitive trials are being carried out on Soviet administrative and party officials. In the former building of the NKVD on the street. Shevchenko is the headquarters of the Gestapo administration. The city creates a Jewish ghetto. During the Proskurovsko-Chernivtsi operation the guardsmen of the Urals and the 6th Mechanized Corps completely cleared Kamenets-Podolsky from the enemy, but the battles for it continued for another six days - the part of the pro-Moscow group of Germans that had escaped to the west tried to dislodge Soviet troops from the city.
A small town Ostrog in the Rivne region is famous throughout the world for its Ostroh Academy. Not every district center has such happiness - to have a university with a worldwide reputation! Ostrozh Academy was founded in 1576 by Prince Constantine Ostrozky. In the Ostroh Academy once studied and finished her famous hetman Zaporizhzhya Sich Peter Konashevich Sagaydachny. Here in 1581 for the first time the first complete Church Slavonic Bible was prepared and printed - the Ostroh Bible. This is a large-scale in circulation and volume edition, printed by the book printer Ivan Fedorov, The Ostroh Academy is unique. It is not subordinated to the Ministry of Education, but has the status of a self-governing university. We will make a small excursion around this famous place! Ostroh Academy National University (Ukrainian National University Ostrozka Akademia) is one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe, the National Autonomous Research University of Ukraine, located in Ostrog, Rivne region. The Ostroz Slavic-Greek-Latin school, founded in 1576 by the Lithuanian prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky, became in fact the first university in Eastern Europe. At the heart of the training program lay the system of seven free sciences: grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music were studied. Also studied were higher sciences: philosophy, theology and medicine. The curriculum included the study of five languages: Church Slavonic, Polish, Greek, Hebrew and Latin. Together with Ostrozhskaya printing house, the Ostroh school became a powerful cultural and educational center, gathered around itself many scientists and educators of that time. Here in 1581 for the first time the first complete Church Slavonic Bible was prepared and printed - the Ostroh Bible. Among the graduates of the Academy were: the author of the outstanding Grammar, Melety Smotrytsky (the son of the first rector), the Little Russian commander, the Hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Army Petr Konashevich-Sagaidachny, the archimandrite of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, the founder of the Lavra Printing Yelisey Pletenetsky, the Little Russian writer-polemicist, philosopher, author the famous "Apocrysis" Christopher Philalet and others. The death of the prince in 1608 shook the position of the academy, which was left without a patron and former funding. Heirs who were ready to continue the father's business from the prince were not. With foundation in the Ostrog Jesuit College in 1624 the school fell into decay and in 1636 ceased to exist. 1989 - with the aim of reviving the national cultural heritage of Ostrog and the Ostroh Academy, the local history society "Spadshchina" (Heritage) was created, headed by a local history teacher, local historian and public figure Pyotr Zotovich Andrukhov. January 1993 - on the initiative of the head of the society "Spadshchina" PZ Andrukhov, the mayor of NV Grischuk and doctor of historical sciences N. P. Kowalski, a congress of villagers took place, which proclaimed the need for the revival of the Ostroh Academy. An organizational committee was established to implement this goal. On April 12, 1994, the President of Ukraine LM Kravchuk approved Decree No. 156/94 "On the formation of the Ostroh Collegium". Igor Pasechnik became the first rector of the restored university. On December 7, 1994, the first 100 students began to study at the Ostroh Higher Collegium. On June 5, 1996, the decree of President L.Kuchma No. 403/96 "On renaming the Ostroh Collegium in the Academy" was promulgated. On January 22, 2000, the Ostroh Academy was awarded the status of a university, and on October 30 of the same year the Ostroh Academy University received the status of a national one. Faculties Humanitarian Romano-Germanic languages Economic Politico-information management International Relations
On the eve of Easter we will visit one of the most remarkable and beautiful places of worship in Ukraine - the Holy Assumption Monastery (Holy Assumption Monastery), located in the Ternopil region in the small town of Pochaev, one of the district centers of the Ternopil region. On the territory of the Pochaev Monastery there is also the Pochaev Theological Seminary. In Pochaiv always and at all times there were many pilgrims who came from all over Ukraine and from other countries to this holy place. A local legend says that from time to time the face of the Virgin descends from the sky to the cupolas of the Lavra. This was repeatedly told about by the priests of the Pochaev monastery. We will not pay attention to the church disagreements in Ukraine in recent years due to the instability and the state of war in the country, but simply visit this beautiful place! And let us pray for peace in Ukraine! The Holy Dormition Pochaiv Lavra (Ukr. Piously-Uspenska Pochaivska Lavra) is an Orthodox monastery (laurel) in Pochaiv (Ternopil Region), Ukraine. The largest Orthodox church complex and monastery in Western Ukraine and the second in Ukraine after the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. According to legend, the monastery was founded by monks of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, who fled from the invasion of the Tatars in 1240. The first annalistic mention dates back to 1527. In 1597, the monastery received a large land estate, estates and miraculous image of the Mother of God from a local landowner Anna Goysky.1649 a new stone temple of the monastery was built with the money of Domashevsky Fedor and Eva. August 2, 1675. The 50,000-strong Turkish-Tatar army led by Khan Nurredin approached Pochaev. All those who were only able to hold arms, both from among the monks and from among the laity, became the protectors of the monastery. According to legend, while reading the akathist before the icon of Pochaev's Mother of God, the clouds suddenly parted in the sky and the Mother of God herself appeared in the brilliant light, surrounded by angels, and beside her praying Job Pochaevsky. From 1713 to 1831 the Pochaev Monastery was Greek Catholic. In 1831, after the suppression of the Polish Uprising of 1830-1831, the monastery was handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, most of the Basilian monks were forced to leave the monastery. In 1833 the monastery received the status of laurels with the assignment of its fourth place among those that existed in the Russian Empire. In the cathedral church over the royal doors, the wonderworking Pochaev Icon of the Mother of God was placed. Since 1997, the Lavra has the status of stauropegic, that is, canonically directly subordinated to the jurisdiction of His Beatitude Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).
We make an exciting excursion around the city of Mirgorod, famous for its sanatoriums with medicinal water "Mirgorodskaya". Not far from Mirgorod is the village of Velikie Sorochintsy - the venue of the annual Sorochinsky Fair (held in late August). Mirgorod (Myrhorod) is a city, Poltava region, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Mirgorod District (not included in its composition) and Mirgorod City Council. Settlement arose in the middle of the XVI century. In 1575 Mirgorod became a city [5]. During the Russo-Polish War of 1632-1634. In the autumn of 1633 Mirgorod was captured and burnt by Russian troops, but according to the Polianovo peace of 1634 these lands were returned to the Commonwealth. After the outbreak of the Khmelnitsky uprising, in 1648 the city was taken by Khmelnytsky's troops and later became the regimental city of the re-created Mirgorod regiment, in 1654 it became part of Russia. In 1666, the city several times attacked the troops of the right-bank hetman P. Doroshenko. In the XVIII century Mirgorod turned into a major trade and craft center, which regularly held fairs. In 1781 Mirgorod received the status of a county town of Mirgorod Uyezd, in 1781-1796. He was part of the Kiev governorship, in 1797-1802 - part of the Little Russian province, since 1802 - joined the Poltava province. In 1887, the Assumption Church was built in the city. In 1896, in Myrhorod was founded artistic and industrial school named after Nikolai Gogol (Mirgorod Art and Industry College named after N. Gogol). In 1901 the movement of trains on the railway "Darnitsa-Poltava" passing through Mirgorod was opened. On January 10 (23), 1918, Soviet power was established in the city, but in March 1918 the city was occupied by advancing German troops, which remained in the city until December 1918. As a result of the uprising of the city's inhabitants, with the support of the partisans, on December 4, 1918, Soviet power was restored in the city. In the years 1923-1925. the city was the regional center of the Lubny district of the Poltava province. Since 1937 Mirgorod is a regional center of the Poltava region. During the Great Patriotic War on September 13, 1941 Mirgorod was occupied by advancing German troops. In the spring of 1942, on the basis of the 162nd Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht (in connection with the serious losses of the Army Group Center withdrawn from the army after the winter battles of 1941-1942 in the Poltava Region), a training center for the "Eastern legions" was established on the territory of the Poltava region: camp Dulag 120 in Mirgorod were posted "training and training of foreign volunteers from Soviet prisoners of war." September 1, 1942 Mirgorod became the administrative center of the "county Mirgorod" (Kreisgebiet Mirgorod) reichskommissariat "Ukraine". September 18, 1943 the city was liberated by troops of the Voronezh Front during the offensive on the Kiev direction. In May 1944, a base for receiving American heavy bombers and escort fighters was prepared in Mirgorod. During the fighting of World War II and the German occupation, the city was seriously damaged, but by 1950 it was rebuilt. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirgorod Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
Let's look once again at the Medzhybizh Fortress, or rather, in its museum! Actually, the correct name of the museum is the "State Historical and Cultural Reserve Medzhibozh", that is, the museum itself includes the fortress itself. This is a real masterpiece in a small provincial town! The museum of local history of Medzhibozh gives a full picture of the history of this region. There are a lot of exhibits devoted to the Jewish history of Medzhibozh - after all once this town was inhabited exclusively by Jews, and the whole history of Medzhybozh is, in fact, the history of the Jewish people who lived here. Medzhybozh in the near future was considered the most Jewish town in Podillya, it was rare to hear Ukrainian speech, everyone spoke Yiddish. In the Jewish cemetery of Medzhibozh, the founder of Hasidism, the famous tzaddik (righteous man), healer Israel El Bazar Elizar (Israel Baal Shem Tov), Besht abbreviated. Every year a great number of Hasidim from all over the world come to his grave to honor the memory of his spiritual mentor. And, of course, they visit the fortress and the museum. Restoration work in the castle began in 1965. In March 1971, in one of the restored rooms of the castle, the first exhibition of the museum of local lore was opened: the history of the region of the pre-October (in 1917) and the Soviet periods. In 1975, the Medzhybodsky Fortress Museum became a department of the regional museum of local lore. In autumn 1982 a new exposition was opened in four halls of the north-western building: ceramics, art glass, clothing, embroidery and weaving, icon painting. In January 1997 the Medzhybizh regional historical and ethnographic museum-fortress was created. In January 2004, the State Historical and Cultural Reserve Medzhybozh was established. Restoration and restoration work on the territory of the castle began. In February 2006, the museum was closed for repairs, and already in September of the same year, 6 restored halls with new exhibitions were opened to celebrate the 860th anniversary of Medzhybizh and the 35th anniversary of the museum. On October 4, 2008, the Museum of Remembrance of the Holodomor Victims of 1932-1933 in Khmelnytskyi, created by the People's Artist of Ukraine NI Mazur, was opened on the territory of the fortress. Link: http://mezhibozh.com
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