anakataさん経由。
元ネタは海外の変わったニュースを紹介する「なんでも標点」の
2008年01月18日 人並み以下の頭脳しか持っていない男性ほど、自分は知能が高いと信じる傾向があることが判明
で、詳細は上記をお読み下さい。
研究を報道したのは、"Telegraph"紙の以下の記事。
Men think they're cleverer, claims psychologistBy Roger Highfield, Science Editor
Last Updated: 12:01am GMT 15/01/2008The intellectual difference between the sexes is all in the mind, according to a leading psychologist who claims that men overstate how clever they are whereas woman underplay their intelligence.
Both men and women tend to have the same average IQ
Prof Adrian Furnham, of University College London, has analysed the results of 25 studies of sex differences in IQ. His overview backs the idea of what is known as the "male hubris, female humility" effect.
The studies show women tend to give significantly lower estimates than men of their own intelligence - about five IQ points - while men tend to overestimate their brain power.
"Whether men are brighter is another matter," Prof Furnham said.
Men appear to be more confident, not brighter, he says, which ''can have beneficial effects in the interview and even the examination room".
In comparisons of how people estimate their own intelligence there is a bias in those - called outliers - who get it badly wrong.
For men, it tends to be those average-to-dim males who overestimate their intelligence, while often very bright women who fail to rank their own IQ tend to underestimate the difference.
What is surprising, Prof Furnham adds, is that both men and women tend to think their grandfathers are brighter than grandmothers, fathers brighter than mothers and sons brighter than daughters.
This difference in perceived IQ matches the estimate of the actual difference between how the sexes score in IQ tests, which is only three to five IQ points, says Prof Furnham. So this enduring difference between male and female grey matter could reflect belief rather than reality.
However, Prof Furnham adds that there is general agreement that men and women do differ in specialised features of intellectual development.
Men excel in spatial awareness, which underpins navigation and numerical skills.
Women do better in "emotional intelligence" and language development.
They develop larger vocabularies earlier, use more complex linguistic constructions and read better.
Another view is that the perceived difference between men and women rests on the distribution of IQ: both men and women tend to have the same average IQ but there are more very dim men, and a corresponding number of super bright ones to compensate.
"Men are at the top and the bottom - which the universities have noticed for a long time," said Prof Furnham.
男女間のIQ分布については
1. 平均は男女とも差がない
2. 男性は、平均より劣るグループと平均より優るグループが、女性の分布よりも幅広くいる
ってことかな。女性の方がIQ分布に偏りがない、という言い方も出来る。
で
3. 女性は自分のIQを低く見積もり、男性は自分のIQを高く見積もる傾向がある
ってことのようだ。要するにIQの分布から言うと、
女は男よりバカだ
とは言えず、かつ
自分は賢い、と平均より劣っている男性は思いこみ勝ちである
ってことなのかね。男女の知的評価バイアスという点から行くと
優れたIQを持った女性がいても評価されにくい
ってのは、本当だと思いますが。
もっとも
根拠のない自信を持つヒト
というのは、男女を問わず存在すると感じるけどな。