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The impact on the Inca of the Spanish colonisation was huge. They were forced to become Christian. The Government was controlled by Spain. The Incan people become slaves.
Firstly, Christian missionaries arrived from Spain to convert the Incas to Christianity. The Spanish demanded the Incas become Christians, they were sent away or had their heads cut off. Moreover the Spanish tried to stamp out the old Inca ways; Sun temples were torn down and replaced with Christian churches. The Incas had believed that the world was made by Viracocha, the Creator God. Viracocha lived in Tiahuanaco where he create humans. He was the father of the Sun and the Moon. However Viracocha was invisible, all the other gods and goodness were closely linked to looking after land. They also could be seen or felt. Viracocha taught them how to be civilised in Tiahuanaco. Mama Quillia who was the Moon goddess was Sapa Inca’s sister and they were married. The Inca people worshipped that Pacha Mama was the Earth goddess of the sea who gave the Incas their fish. The most important was Inti, the Sun god, from whom the Sapa Inca claimed to be descended.
Unfortunately many Incas died from western illness such as small pox, measles, typhus, scarlet fever and influenza. The Spanish said it was punishment from God so they had to become Christian to survive. Indigenous population of Central and South America fell from 30million to five million during first 50 years of Spanish contact. Western illness wiped out 90 per cent of the Inca people. The Spanish preached that conversion was the only chance for survival and salvation. The old Inca god, beliefs and traditions were weakened by European sickness.
In 1572, the Spanish killed the last Inca leader, Tupac Amaru. His death brought Inca civilisation to an end. However, the descendants of those who lived in Inca lands today live in settlements in the Andes. They still pray and make sacrifices to their traditional gods and huacas. The Inca religion has not completely died out.
When the Spanish arrived, the Inca government was weak and divided by civil war because Atahualpa had decided to challenge his brother for the throne. This decision led to a bitter civil war that Atahualpa finally won. In November 1532, after winning a great victory and capturing his brother, Atahualpa went to a town called Cajarmarca but he did not realise that Pizarro had prepared an ambush. The Spanish soldiers waited until the Sapa Inca arrived at the main square. A Spanish priest travelling with Pizarro began to preach to Atahualpa. The Sapa Inca took the priest’s Bible and examined it. Never having seen a book before, Atahualpa threw it to the ground in disgust. Almost at once, Pizarro gave the signal to attack. Atahualpa’s bodyguards were unarmed and were not expecting an ambush and were killed before they could organise themselves. Legend says that Pizarro himself seized Atahualpa and took him prisoner.
All leaders and their families were killed, so the people of his empire did not know what to do when he was dead. Spanish king was a new ruler, Spanish governor was now in control. The king of Spain permitted conquistadors to divide Inca land to share. The new government was the ‘encomiend’ system Incas were not Independent, they had to work for the Spanish, they had to pay tax and the old Inca community structure was broken up. Spain finally heard about the ‘encomiend’ system so the Incas gained the rights and protection of Spanish law.
Lastly, the Spanish took over the Inca custom and lifestyle. They forced the people to work in the silver mines where many of them died. Men in the mines had to produce 25 seeks of ore, each weighing 45 kilograms, in twelve hours. They worked in narrow tunnels with only candles for light. Many Indians ran away so they would not have to work in the mines. The Spanish also forced the native people to work in their weaving and pottery workshops and made them carry heavy loads.
Also the Spanish introduced other ideas, such as money and slavery. The children of the Incas were given a Spanish Catholic education and soon the old Inca ways were changed and the civilisation began to disappear. The Spanish wrote that they caused hardship and poverty. They did not understand the irrigation systems that the Incas had so the system fell into ruin, and crops failed.
In conclusion, after the Spanish arrive, the Inca culture was ruined. They were controlled by Spain, forced to become Christian and turned into slaves.
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