第80回国連総会ハイレベルウィーク
A wide view of the wrap up session and ministerial meeting entitled "Delivering on Peace: Consolidating Outcomes and Charting the Path Forward" during the Conference. Credit: UN Photo/Manuel Elías; Production Date: 28 Jul 2025
Origins and Mandate
The High-level International Conference, held from 28-30 July 2025, was a UN Member State-led conference, mandated through two resolutions of the General Assembly.
- Resolution ES-10/24 (adopted at the Tenth Emergency Special Session on 18 September 2024) decided to convene an international conference during the General Assembly’s 79th session for the implementation of the UN resolutions pertaining to the question of Palestine and the two-State solution for the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
- Resolution 79/81 (adopted on 3 December 2024) provided the modalities for and officially adopted the title and format of the High-level International Conference for the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution. It designated the French Republic and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as co-chairs of the Conference and requested the Secretary-General to provide substantive and logistical support. The resolution also encouraged Member States to participate at the highest possible level, and invited observer entities, relevant UN bodies, and international institutions to contribute substantively to both the plenary and roundtable discussions. The resolution also envisaged that the Conference would adopt an action-oriented outcome document entitled “Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and Implementation of the Two-State Solution”, to urgently chart an irreversible pathway towards the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the implementation of the two-State solution.
According to the concept note prepared by the Co-Chairs – France and Saudi Arabia – the goal of the Conference was not only to reaffirm international consensus on the peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine but to catalyze concrete, timebound and coordinated international action toward the implementation of the two-State solution. They also underlined the need to support Palestinian statehood, reinforce regional and international cooperation, and ensure respect for international law.
Format and Structure
On 12 April 2025, the two Co-Chairs, Saudi Arabia and France, held the first briefing session for UN Member and Observer States. On 23 May 2025, a preparatory meeting was held at United Nations Headquarters, followed by informal consultations of the eight working groups (see below) from 2-6 June, during which Member States and international organizations submitted proposals to support the substantive outcome of the Conference. The preparatory session brought together UN Member States to align expectations and finalise arrangements for eight thematic roundtables that will help shape the conference’s outcome. General Assembly President Philémon Yang urged countries to seize the crucial opportunity to finally make progress. “The horrors we have witnessed in Gaza for over nineteen months should spur us to urgent action to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The devastating cycles of death, destruction, and displacement cannot be allowed to continue,” he said. In her concluding remarks, Rosemary DiCarlo, the UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, stated “There are no shortcuts, and there is no substitute for a negotiated two-State solution: a viable, sovereign, and independent State of Palestine, living side by side in peace and security with the State of Israel.”
Working Groups
Group Photo during International Conference for Peaceful Settlement of Question of Palestine and Implementation of Two-State Solution. Secretary-General António Guterres (7th from left) poses for a group photo with participants of the Conference. Credit: UN Photo/Mark Garten; Production Date: 28 Jul 2025
- A Sovereign and Unified Palestinian State Living Side by Side, in Peace and Security, with Israel
Co-Chairs: Jordan and Spain - Security for Israelis and Palestinians
Co-Chairs: Indonesia and Italy - Narrative for Peace
Co-Chairs: Canada, Mexico and Qatar - Economic Viability of the Palestinian State
Co-Chairs: Japan and Norway - Humanitarian Action and Reconstruction
Co-Chairs: Egypt and the United Kingdom - Preserving the Two-State Solution
Co-Chairs: Ireland and Türkiye - Promoting Respect for International Law in Order to Implement the Two-State Solution
Co-Chairs: Brazil and Senegal - “Peace Day Effort”
Co-Chairs: The Arab League and the European Union
Initially, the Conference was supposed to take place from 17-20 June 2025; however, due to escalation in the region, the Co-Chairs suspended it and rescheduled to 28-30 July 2025.
The resumed High-Level Plenary Meeting took place on 28 July 2025. Earlier, the same morning, a Ministerial High-Level session (recording available here) brought together the outcomes of the thematic roundtables and working groups convened under the auspices of the High-Level Conference. It provided a platform to consolidate key insights, highlight consensus across political, legal, economic, and humanitarian tracks, and articulate concrete next steps. The session was both a culmination of months of coordinated diplomatic work and a launchpad for action, and laying the groundwork for sustained international engagement, accountability, and implementation in support of a just and lasting peace. Three thematic roundtables focused on:
1. The Case for Peace: Advancing the Two-State Solution Through Narrative, Measures, and International Law
Mary Robinson (Former President of Ireland, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, former Chair of The Elders) delivered a keynote address where she condemned the atrocities in Gaza, including “indiscriminate bombardments, forced displacement, and starvation as a weapon of war,” while also denouncing Hamas’s attacks and hostage-taking. She warned that “international norms and standards are being abandoned” and that states must act now to prevent “genocide” – “It is my personal view that we are seeing an unfolding genocide in Gaza.” She called for the immediate recognition of the State of Palestine, emphasizing it as a “transformative step” that must not be delayed: “Surely this is the moment – because later, it will simply be too late.”
2. Two States, One Future: Delivering Sovereignty, Guaranteeing Security for all, and Economic Viability
Juan Manuel Santos (Former President of Colombia, Nobel Peace Laureate, Chair of The Elders) delivered a keynote address urging all UN Members to immediately recognize the State of Palestine, calling it a “transformative step” toward peace. He stressed that recognition should not be subject to negotiations or internal reform. He condemned Hamas’s terror attacks and Israel’s atrocities in Gaza, accusing the Israeli government of openly pursuing a “Greater Israel” agenda through illegal settlement expansion and annexation, which he said undermines both peace and Israel’s own long-term security.
3. From Rubble to Renewal: Rebuilding Lives, Realizing the Promise of Independence and a Future of Shared Peace, Security, and Prosperity.
Prince Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein (Former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights) delivered a keynote address and warned against the “vagueness” of past diplomatic efforts, emphasizing that peace requires a clear, actionable vision – not abstract declarations. He stressed that a two-state solution must include concrete policy commitments, including borders based on the 4 June 1967 lines and a sovereign, contiguous Palestinian state. He argued that the greatest obstacle is no longer just extremists, but the erosion of hope and belief in peace on both sides. Drawing on the failure of military fortifications to prevent October 7 attacks, he argued that true Israeli security will only come through mutual respect and sovereignty, not through domination, fragmentation, or the dismantling of UNRWA. He praised the durability of Israel’s peace with Egypt and Jordan, grounded in sovereign equality – not superiority.
Resumption of the Conference during the UN General Assembly 80th session
On 5 September 2025, the General Assembly, acting without a vote, decided to resume the Conference on 22 September during the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly. Introducing a draft oral decision, the representative of Saudi Arabia recalled the suspension of that Conference on 30 July, emphasizing that “the situation on the ground in Palestine has never been more dire” and “it is precisely at this moment that the momentum towards peace must be maintained”.
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国連総会は、