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あなたがもっている目標、あるいは夢は、誰にも話しちゃいけない？
本当？デレク・シバーズさん？
心理学者がおこなった実験についてわかりやすく説明しています。
【話題】 目標は胸に秘める
【時間】 3分16秒
【要約】
１．想像してみてください
目標をたてる
友達にそのことを話す
友達が「すごいね、いいね」と言ってくれる
すごくいい気分になりませんか？
２．話してはいけない
夢の実現には困難を乗り越えなければならない
他人に話し、それが認められると、心に満足感の錯覚が生じる
錯覚が生じると、一生懸命やらなくなる
３．社会的通念と反するのでは？
心理学者が実験で証明している
４．では結局どうすればいい？
他人に話さない
認めてもらうことは後回しに
話すだけで錯覚を起こすことを理解する
どうしても話さなければならないときは相手に協力を促す
（例）「もし僕がさぼってたら、おしりを蹴飛ばしてね」
【語彙】
acknowledge ：認める
conventional wisdom ：社会通念
resist ：抵抗する
temptation ：誘惑
gratification ：満足
【transcripts】
Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal. For real -- you can take a second. You've got to feel this to learn it. Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay? Imagine deciding right now that you're going to do it. Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already, like it's already becoming part of your identity?
Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it. Repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen. Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you had actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that it's called a "social reality." The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done. And then, because you felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. (Laughter) So this goes against the conventional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right -- so they hold us to it.
So, let's look at the proof. 1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this "substitution." 1933, Vera Mahler found, when it was acknowledged by others, it felt real in the mind. 1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.
It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests -- everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes, on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt that they had a long way to go still to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes, on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
So, if this is true, what can we do? Well, you could resist the temptation to announce your goal. You can delay the gratification that the social acknowledgement brings, and you can understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing. But if you do need to talk about something, you can state it in a way that gives you no satisfaction, such as, "I really want to run this marathon, so I need to train five times a week and kick my ass if I don't, okay?"
So audience, next time you're tempted to tell someone your goal, what will you say?
(Silence)
Exactly, well done.
