Private University School of Xi'an text / Tian Ming (published in 'Entrepreneur' eleventh) in the school official website, the message on the anniversary of the only flag-raising ceremony that morning, as well as a 'well-known alumni' - Chengdu advantage of the new general manager Assistant Ma Weigang's congratulatory message. Arbor Day this year, which is the backbone of the old private colleges, school founder Ding Zuyi died, threw tens of thousands of students, the three acres of campus, and assets worth more than ten billion of school. Three years ago, Ding Zuyi since the age of 70 years old were asked the education department resigned the post of president. To this end, he publicly expressed dissatisfaction in the media: 'In accordance with instructions of the Ministry of Education, University and 70 years of age can only do I ask, how old Li Ka-shing competent to private corporate boards have the final say, sovereignty private colleges where to go.? a? 'one of China's Shaanxi Province, private colleges and universities called the most prosperous place.
According to official statistics, as of 2011, the number of private colleges in the province, the number of people above scale private colleges and universities are among the first in the country, private colleges fixed assets amounted to more than 70 billion yuan. Turn west, West Peihua University (hereinafter referred to as Pei Hua), Xi'an International University (hereinafter referred to as foreign affairs), Xi'an Eurasia University (hereinafter referred to as Eurasia), Xijing University (hereinafter referred to as Atlantis) and other schools all have the right to grant a bachelor's degree, Or have a nice 'higher status.' Xijing University is allowed to train engineering graduate from September this year. Inextricably relationship between the school's founder, a prosperity, a loss for both sides. They, or because love education, or because of government encouragement, or name, or profit, has to join the Private Higher Education. They have similar genes: Most teacher background, engaged in education, under the harbor, starting in middle age; initially located in the entrance exam students haven, but also to catch the wave of popularity of higher education, to enjoy the demographic dividend brings the prosperity of the market, Most also experienced the 'premises rented, hired teachers, students cheat to' barbaric growth process. How to survive, it is still the vast majority of private colleges and universities must face the proposition. Ding Zuyi year helped turn take care of the West, and later founded the affairs of yellow vine admits, private colleges can be described as internal and external. In recent years, the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend, with massive public universities enrollment, independent college meteoric rise, China grab students to foreign universities, private colleges and universities students have been multiple shocks. Limited sources of funding for private colleges and universities, mainly dependent on tuition to operate.
The reputation of many private colleges and universities is extremely fragile, reputation and with enrollment, and tuition are closely related. Macheng Sheng, vice president of Xijing 'Entrepreneur' told reporters that the North out of a negative news will not have much impact, but no one private colleges and universities are not withstand such a sudden event, 'you'll annihilated immediately Problems that no tuition fees this year alone, went out of business next year, 'Ding Zuyi 70-year-old was forced to retire on his complaint, it is in large part a reflection of the biggest risks for private universities: Policy. And public universities, as president and party secretary of Private Colleges appointment was approved by the education authorities. 'One day the government introduced a piece of paper, closed all private colleges and universities ...... Private Colleges own school does not work, or jointly with the Public Universities, right? Is not Private Colleges gone?' 马成胜 he said. Those founder bent on making money, and investors interested, private colleges and universities are also concerned about whether publicly posted 'for profit' tab. Cosplay Costumes The end of 2011, Shaanxi Province issued a document provides for the future of category management for private colleges and universities, private colleges and universities can choose to do 'for-profit schools,' registered as corporate. However, many private colleges and universities are still skeptical, according to Macheng Sheng is understood that none of the schools take the initiative to apply for-profit universities. Private colleges and universities in Xi'an, help, Ding Zuyi recognized as an industry leader. After his daughter Ding Jing succession as chairman, he pledged to continue to hold high the Father 'hit the East Harvard' banner. Quannei Wai who is actually very clear, 'East Harvard' is a distant 'vision.' Part I: Why entrepreneurship is founded private universities Xian boom began in 1984. Year on May 4, when he was member of the CPPCC Shaanxi Province, Northwestern University professor Shen Li Hui, at the initiative of the provincial CPPCC conference founded a women's university.
August of that year, the nature of public office to help the West Peihua allowed to set up Women's University, the educational level of specialist, known as the 'New China's first women's colleges and universities.' Four months later, when he was the CPC Central Committee, secretary of Xi in Beijing met with the school principal and vice principal 王宏基 Jiang Wei. Today, the hometown of Shaanxi Xi school has changed its name to West Peihua University, and is no longer a women's university - even though the school is willing to own history dating back to 1928, 'Xi'an first woman civilian vocational school.' In 1987, 48-year-old Ding Zuyi Xi'an Petroleum Institute resign the post of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Office, the founder of the West turn. And Pei Hua outset get high-level attention and support of different sectors of the community, and other private schools west turn quite roots. At that time, as the self - body turned west, and Pei Hua there is a big difference: it does not plan to be included in the national entrance examination. Ding Zuyi version is being talked about his family 500 yuan, the original equipment is very simple, is an office and a classroom. 1988 autumn, Ding sent several teams to Shaanxi Road crack enrollment country. Admissions team, two young men. Huang Teng, born in 1958, Vocational Education, Xi'an University researcher. Hu Jianbo, born in 1963, yellow vine colleagues. Huang Teng brain alive, except to go to the local recruitment propaganda, is also involved in the early turn west curriculum. Hu Jianbo practical work hard, meticulous.
A year later, a private training institute of higher education to the Economic and Trade Commission hosted yellow vine do executive vice president, Hu Jianbo as assistant followed passed. The reason for leaving the West turn, they still a closely guarded secret. According to the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Private Education Department saying the former head of Li Weimin, Deng Xiaoping's 1991 southern speech set off a second surge of private higher education in Shaanxi Province. 'At that time the school is very simple batch, conditions are not present complex, basically a day of school.' Li Weimin said, 'leaders a more positive attitude, is not granted also tell you the grant, we old comrades called mobilization, retired nothing children run colleges. 'which have foreign affairs. In 1992, the Institute of Economic and Trade Commission disbanded the house, yellow vine and Hu Jianbo creation of foreign affairs. A chairman, a vice chairman. Before long, Hu Jianbo out, since he mentioned it, 'snappily child.' After leaving the Foreign Affairs, 胡建波 farm mechanization in Xi'an rented venues, the founder of Eurasia in 1995, began the second venture (see 'Entrepreneur' 2010 5 'private university: 'hidden rules' about the business model.') . The reason why the booming private colleges and universities in Xi'an, in addition to entrance exam was born more social background related, there are some special factors. Li Weimin said the Shaanxi Provincial People's Congress from the government including the CPPCC, as well as educational and administrative departments dgray man wigs of the recognition of private colleges and universities is relatively high, 'have problems understanding and good grooming, rather than a stick and killed.'胡建波 said that to his knowledge, Shaanxi in 2000 to private education statistics to GDP went inside, when GDP increased at 1-2 points, 'the year to 30% of enrollment.' Li Weimin said that Shaanxi in 1994 to host the fifth Closely supervise cooperation after the session will make full use of the relationship established by the Conference, go recommended colleges and universities, for nationwide enrollment information. 'When 70 percent of the highest provincial sources, and now basically halves, each half outside the province.' Northern Information Dean of Xi'an University of Zhang Junan believe, Shaanxi from 2004 before the rise of social capital by a public university in the name of the head office of Independent Colleges Some provinces boom, unlike the south as early as 1998 began, which for Development of Private Colleges leaving empty slot. Xi'an's public colleges and universities and more, during that time, every Saturday and Sunday, various bus stops in private colleges and universities in public schools family member courtyard door.
Zhang Junan more clearly: 'These teachers do not belong to them all, but theirs are used early pay a relatively low cost.' To the site, to the growing number of higher status as self-examination, to build an independent campus imminent. Ding Zuyi was the first person to eat crab. One day in the second half of 1993, he learned about Enterprise Cuihuashan first mechanical watches under the Xi'an plant has 230 acres, more than 60,000 square meters of old factory ready to transfer 6.3 million yuan. Reconstruction dilapidated factories need to invest 10 million yuan, the West can only turn around the debt. Staff in the conservative view that there is no risk by leasing campus development, the struggle can be well off a few years, once accumulated to invest in PREMISES education, equal balance school with their direct creation of wealth for the country. Before 'Private Education Promotion Law' issued in 2004, the relevant state policies and regulations, all assets owned by the state of social forces. But Ding Zuyi his mind, he told the students in the hospital conference to take risks. At the end of the meeting, all the students stood up, and the film 'Red Sorghum' melody singing: 'Dean boldly walking up before you, move forward do not turn around ......!' In 1998, Xi'an Siyuan University (hereinafter referred to as the source) Founding People Zhou Yanbo been primed to turn to the West study, the huge campus Self freshmen in military training, shouting loudly. He was inspired by the original Self regular university classes can be done, look, then stepped up the site. Li Weimin retirement with a new title: President Xi'an Siyuan University consultant. Now, in Siyuan campus, his office street, the window can clearly hear the old buses engine humming, Kengchi the climb White Deer Plain. 'There was no land, are leased, at the foot of the land lease only 480, just like give away.' Li Weimin said. Second Eurasian began enrollment in 1998.胡建波 said he had just invested more than 4,000 school buildings, a very high interest debt, but enrollment is not ideal, very anxious. While the West had originally planned to recruit 3,000 people to turn, come to register more than 2 million people. Thus, Ding Zuyi make big sedan a car a car to Europe and Asia send students, the results of the Eurasian recruited more than 5,000 people. Mention this, Hu Jianbo grateful: 'He knew I would become his major rival, but he did.' In 2000, Xijing full enrollment expected to enroll more than 6,000 people, the result of 10,000 people. November of that year, Renwan Jun decided to expand the campus. Until March 2001, after finishing all the land acquisition procedures. Without government support, land generally several years. By August, 160 days to build 160,000 square meters.
The school did not have much money accounts, mainly by bank loans underwritten and construction companies. This is entirely in gambling. 'Without timely completion, attracted no place freshman class, plus 10,000 newborn that brings parents, 30,000 people in Chang'an District government will say you this whole school Hu directly shutting down', Macheng Sheng said, 'but also There is a risk, construction companies built up the school, the results do not move the next life, not a bank, not a construction company. At that time, who made the decision to go to prison. 'Renwan Jun did not gambled. The entrance exam was too many students, school entrance door and closed too tightly. Huang Teng cited the following example: 'We are not leather sofas, just moved a stool, let us take a rest, but just such a stone bench is moved effortlessly, many people still do not sit up.' Private University and words, even worse than the teaching venue is identity. In 1996, after the then State Education Commission of the continuous 'public relations', Shaanxi Province finally Higher Education Diploma Test pilot turned west and a number of 'non-academic higher education institutions' into the 'quasi-academic schools of higher education' in the ranks. According to state regulations, such schools are no longer Higher Self-study, but Shaanxi them a green light to allow simultaneous move from the candidates in order to sustain the size of the school. In 1999, the Central Education Conference decided to university enrollment. Rules of the game have changed, which means that the West turned the students in such schools may be snatched away run institutions. Fortunately, in 2000, Shaanxi became the hat first authorized by the Ministry of Education set up by the provincial State Higher Vocational School, West turn immediately put on vocational and other schools. 2003, approved by the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Province Pei Hua became the first private Universities. Two years later, the West turned, foreign affairs, Europe and Asia and also allowed Xijing upgraded to university. Then there are other schools added the source. Step by step to go down, which is quite easy.
This is not difficult to understand, Shaanxi independent college admissions beginning in 2004, relatively prosperous, attracting Ding Zuyi their discontent. Li Weimin remember, Ding was called:. 'Brothers, independent college this is the 'turn windows' ah, in the public's hat trick against the undergraduate program, my brother's license to get a piece of paper for many years working hard and making a' barbaric growth Ding Zuyi This call people, start at the beginning of hard matter indeed. 'We had a lot of private schools to Beijing to rent the basement, in order to save money, 20 dollars a night.' Li Weimin said. Perhaps because survival is not easy, these schools are more or less have a little not-so-glorious thing, especially in admissions. After all, enrollment equals revenue. Foreign yearly scale recall had seven or eight thousand from the candidates, yellow vine emotion: 'Education Department told me, 'You're the number of tests to be controlled quickly, ah, did not dare to move tests, and will affect quality.' I He said, 'Minister, I think it not so, but the private schools starting from scratch, there is no accumulation of funds, to have the quality of it? loaned the past few years also a little self-examination, a few years there would like to have it? I do not subtract, he was gone. 'I told director finished, do not oppose me. 'Xijing A teacher turnover last year, he said before the annual college entrance examination, the school will hold a plenary of the General Assembly, the theme admission money. Renwan Jun personally stood on the blackboard gesture, nothing less than the complete contents of the number of tasks, the school gave you the reward is. 'You do not recruit students, the school does not contribute to the school will card you ......' unplanned recruit a student 500 yuan commission, some teachers a summer vacation to earn more than 10 million admissions. Later, 'policy' has changed, but also money in the plan to recruit a student to mention 200 yuan, unplanned commission rose to 1000-2000. The teacher said, he went where enrollment is poor counties, in particular, could not bear to let him, 'so high tuition fees, school less than knowledge ......' tests students at the school did not feel much learning environment for his students complain, 'Teacher, I come after there is a feeling cheated.' The result, many students drop out. This year, Xijing become the country gained engineering graduate enrollment eligibility first five private universities. 'It stands to reason, in order to maximize the benefits of education to do business the way they operate is not far away, but farther Xijing good, I do not understand.' The departure of teachers he said. As to expand the impact of the school, engage in air gear wigs some misleading, exaggerated or even false propaganda, it is not uncommon.
In 2004, the West turned the official website, according to the US 'Los Angeles Times' news, fifty states Ding Zuyi Union of Higher Education awarded 'China's most respected private American Cosplay Costumes for sale university University' title. New Threads website founder Fang turned fraud or west, the alliance imaginary, advertising expense related news department. Three years later, Xi'an Intermediate People's Court judge eventually losing party shall indemnify the West turned Ding Zuyi economic loss of 150,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan in emotional, on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence to prove Fang 'Los Angeles Times' article advertising their own expense, the alliance it is not non-existent, but in May 2004 registered company. Until today, 'China's most respected American university private university president,' the title still remains in the West turned official website. The site also said, 'For over 20 years, our hospital every year nearly ten thousand graduates a one-time employment rate remained above 98%.' If you said is true, the employment situation is grim, and even encourage students to entrepreneurship around the moment, this is a miracle. Xi'an sent to various problems in the development of private colleges and universities appear competent officials in Shaanxi Province more tolerant. 'Take ten years of school and decades of school than take a number of schools and no state funds have abundant capital of the State (public) schools than immeasurably.' Li Weimin said. Li Weimin also revealed that private universities in the process of upgrading, the West turned the foregoing, 'Los Angeles Times' ranking event appears twists and turns, foreign affairs has been questioned because of anonymous reporting. That year, Li Weimin hard to wait for the Ministry of Education, 'until I got the final approval documents, a school, I left.' Part II: Wandering students question this year, turned west, Xijing average enrollment of about 7,500 people. A few years ago, they are the size of 10,000 people annually. According to a study on the 2011 Private Universities in Shaanxi Province strategic transformation and structure adjustment in 2008, enrollment in private colleges and universities in Shaanxi peak -20.1 million, and then gradually fall. Since 1999, the number of Chinese college entrance examination after a decade of growth, jumped from 2.88 million to 10.5 million in 2008, has ushered in the golden age of private colleges and universities. But since then appear to decline roller coaster, four years have been reduced by nearly 1.4 million. In 1990, China's higher education gross enrollment rate, which is higher than school attendance and 18 years -22 years of age population at only 3.7%. In 2011, this figure soared to 26.9%. Of course, Macheng Sheng said, according to the Chinese government's plan, in 2020 the gross enrollment rate to reach 40%, still there is room.胡建波 believes students should have little problem in recent years, but the number of births analysis, 2017 and 2018 the population of school-age universities will reach the bottom, when 'many schools will live very difficult.' Huang Teng said the author, the number of students decreased significantly in a short time become a reality.
Moreover, since the enrollment, more high school graduates choose public universities. Some Western countries relative surplus of Higher Education Resources, aimed at the Chinese market. In addition, Independent Institute policy interests simultaneously occupy both public and private, and the formation of private colleges and universities new shocks. Some private colleges and universities have been struggling to survive against the odds. For example, Qingdao Fei Yang Vocational and Technical College entrance examination this year plans to more than 3,000 people, actually only hire 300 people. A person familiar with the investment of private universities said: 'In China, it is difficult to find in the structure of the industry to tighten up so fast.' Ding Zuyi died before the succession, appeared together inside the West turned a small storm. The end of 2011, the chairman Ding Zuyi proposed, and the Board of Directors, in turn west for many years as dean, Professor Fu Shen long. The appointment in January 2012 the Ministry of Education Development Planning Division approval. But the chairman, an insider said Ding Zuyi initially recommend a business veteran, dying before they changed his mind and decided daughter Ding Jing took over. Ding Zuyi after the death of the West turn could have done was to make the school enrollment plan are concerned that while the industry is also speculation that Ding Jing really recognized his father, 'hit the East Harvard' argument. Family issues already highlighted in this circle. In 2007, training 华校长 Jiang's 82-year-old passed away. He died eight days ago, the grandson Jiang Bo was appointed as chairman of the College Board of Trustees, legal, part-time president. Said Pei Hua this appointment, report the province, Department of Education is very tangled. If you agree, it means that private education can be inherited. If you do not agree, it may bring the entire private education Shaanxi fatal blow. Private colleges and universities in the end is a family business or education? Li Weimin said the country are studying this issue, 'the moment is based on the stable operation of the interests of the family if the risk off the entrepreneur who faced great.' Final , provincial research policy agreed Jiang Bo took over.
But the premise is qualified successor Jiang Bo. Jiang Bo said: 'We are not talking about hereditary, but have to have a tradition of private education.' The Renwan Jun Xijing remain as president. Any aromatic daughter, 40, 10 years ago, and was named vice president, in 2008 as executive president. Renwan Jun 71 years old, according to state regulations should retire, but said he and Ding Zuyi as Lianzhan. 'Entrepreneur' aryl several times for interviews to any reporter, is her 'convenient' as an excuse to refuse. As Hu Jianbo and yellow vine, will face the same problem. Hu Jianbo said: 'Now let the next generation take over private schools are Well, Japan, too, the same way China Taiwan, South Korea, too, I believe that this mechanism is very good.' Huang Teng said that, on his daughter suitability chairman post, 'The board discussed the most appropriate if she did, responsibility.' 马成胜 said, family-oriented components of private colleges and universities in Xi'an early start, played a decisive role in a successful career. The next question is also facing standardized, you have to have a process to the family. Policy issues in private colleges and universities in Xi'an send everyone to laugh at yourself, lose your, earned not necessarily yours. Ding Zuyi once said: 'The investment is not a small number of private higher education, property confuse, who dare to put money in?' The end of 2011, the Shaanxi provincial government issued a document No. 78 'on the further support and regulate the development of private higher education.' , will be divided into a non-profit private colleges and universities do not require a reasonable return, but requires a reasonable return nonprofit and for-profit categories. Which can account for up to a reasonable return 40% of school balances. Hu Jianbo has not decided what kind of election, the reason is very simple, the implementation details have not yet introduced. 'The government said, What will your policy now that we, we say, we'll report your policy, or else you give me or set me to choose?
If you do not return, the government will give you money subsidies, but also enjoy duty-free , but the drawback is government control of your particularly large, he must approve your budget, that I determined not to do, no autonomy is not enough. If immature, do not rush to put this policy clear, fuzzy policy may also a little better. 'founder who is also concerned about the school's autonomy, as well as private colleges and universities and public universities can enjoy the same preferential treatment. Fees for private colleges and public universities non-discriminatory policy, they are very critical. Huang Teng believes that the fair treatment on the surface, virtually ignoring the tuition fees of private universities rely mainly on the most basic facts. Money problems -?? Educator entrepreneur Li Weimin opinion, private education necessary to understand the educator but also understand the market economy. In this regard, Renwan Jun indeed master. In his early years teaching in Xi'an Aerospace Technology, 1984 do auto parts business, in 1994 by the daughter of Ren Fangxing kindergartens inspired run from Xi'an Banpo English school, then West An Huairen Technology Training Institute, Xi'an Science and Technology Training Institute and other institutions merged today's Xijing. Early in Self counseling agencies grappling stage, Renwan Jun understand students' school than three 'mentality, in one fell swoop to the Agricultural Bank of China Shaanxi Branch of loans 500 million yuan school, hardware first. Over the same period or earlier private universities rely more on enrollment fees for rolling development. In entrepreneurial fashion business school is the same thing, making money from the school run is another matter. Prior to the introduction of Shaanxi 78 files, according to national regulations, money can only be used for private colleges and universities in Xi'an rolling development, a number of founders allegedly engage in their own education not for money. But Jiang Bo revealed that many people have slowly off course, 'because the law vague, or even thinking about immigration, thinking how to arrange the funeral, the enterprise how to wash out the money ah you more so, the government more questioning attitude you hold, the more tightly bound to you. 'For whatever purpose, to further the development of private colleges and universities require funding. And until his death, Ding Zuyi not seen any investor.
Investors have removed the Trustee to contact him, was a 'We do not need financing' in the door. Eurasian upgraded to the undergraduate school, invested in New Oriental Tiger Fund, and other investors have looked for Hu Jianbo. Private Universities heavy nature of the assets, return on capital is not high, the financial statements look good, investors hope to do better to look at the report, and the report pretty mean increased costs. 'Public institutions and cost you a fee with unlimited private schools compared to less restrictions, will be at a disadvantage; Once selected profit, state subsidies and affected me not a saint, moving through the heart, but. This road is not good to go. 'Hu Jianbo said. Compared Hu Jianbo, foreign affairs goes far on the road to some of the financing. There are unconfirmed reports that the school has introduced investment-Pacific Cultural Fund. Huang Teng admitted: 'Not entirely by scrolling, scroll Foreign Affairs not to rely on today.' He also insisted that financing does not change the nature of foreign affairs of the school, no matter what kind of funds should be a way to enter without asking. However, the education enterprise would have cost accounting, profit-sharing, and unrequited philosophy is conflict. In response, Huang Teng but he said: 'Of course, we also according to national policies to protect investors' interests deserve, which is necessary.' Two years ago, Huang Teng find a well-known industry VC, hope to make things bigger. However, the funds required for the expansion of private colleges and universities, resources and team ability, more complex than training institutions. He failed to convince this VC. One investor said that with respect to financing the expansion of private higher education is more work skills, continue to improve the quality of teaching, 'we can only solve the problem of gang with money, education is also a money can not solve too many problems of the industry. 'Moreover, the current private colleges and universities are facing problems of unclear property rights issues. If you have the proper implementation of the rules, 78 file Shaanxi provisions on profit universities may be able to break this ice. Li Weimin once wrote the pilot called for profit universities, especially the newly established independent college or from conversion of private colleges and universities, and higher education institutions, 'New Oriental' category for. But he also said that some of the schools has a long history, and many more rolling development has grown up private for-profit universities pilot to be cautious. Most of these schools accumulate assets belonging to public assets and quasi-public assets, the organizers want to distinguish clearly invested assets, assets and national assets invested scroll accumulated (including assets rely on preferential policies formed) is difficult, and in the process of running these schools have been pressing public welfare, non-profit advocacy and operation of schools, if changed suddenly announced profit schools, social image will be distorted, and brought a negative impact on the overall private higher education career.
How to obtain the return of private colleges and universities according to the Shaanxi provincial government 'to further support and regulate the development of private higher education opinion', a non-profit school funding seeks to obtain a reasonable return, after deducting operating cost, provision for development funds and state regulations related costs After allowing a reasonable return from school balances by year, as investors reward. Award application made by the school decision-making bodies, educational administrative department in conjunction with relevant departments under the original capital contributions, the amount of additional investment, the balance of tuition fees and school, etc., integrated to determine the reasonable amount of return, the amount of a reasonable return can account for 40% of school balances. Continue to get a reasonable return for school development, included in the new capital contributions, according to relevant regulations enjoy preferential taxation policies. Profit schools by businesses to obtain your return.