VOl.4

How to paraphrase and quote
 - in order to avoid plagiarism

Paraphrasing
Summary
Quotation
Citation/Reference

Paraphrasing is allowed to change words, grammar and construction of essay.
 - but shouldn't change the meaning of original source.

Summary means the passage shorter by leaving out some words or substituting for another words.

Quotation should use quotation marks (i.e. ' ' ) and parentheses(i.e. () ).

Citation/Reference have the form of writing the author name, year, publisher, and so on.
  Citation
    - (Family name, year)
    - (Title, year)
    - (Organization name, year)
  Reference
    - Family name, Initial of first name. (year). Title. Publisher.
    - Title. (year). Publication. Retrieved (Month date, year) from URL
    - Organization. (year). Publication. Retrieved (Month date, year) from URL 

Vol.3

Let me consider the basic structure of academic writing.

Introduction
Main body
Conclusion

Today Introduction is focused on.

Introduction
 - start with background
 - introduce the essay : thesis statement


Before writing
 - brainstorm
 - create a mind map
 - choose ideas and classify

Vol.2

Today's lecture;

Main idea
Structure
Topic sentence
Supporting sentence
Coherence
Concluding sentence

-------------------------------------------

One paragraph has to have one topic.

Main idea
All the sentence in the paragraph have to relate to the topic.

Structure
Topic sentence - Support sentence - Concluding sentence
If the passage is not only one paragraph, it doesn't need a concluding sentence.
(It needs a concluding paragraph.)

Topic sentence
is generally the first sentence of the paragraph.

Supporting sentence
It is better to make two or three points to develop topic sentence.
It is also needed to give examples, quotations, or facts.

Coherence
To have coherence and become reader-friendly,
the support sentences should be in a logical order by using proper words. 
however, therefore, in addition

Concluding sentence
The last sentence/paragraph is to restate the main topic using different words.
in conclusion, to summarize, therefore, for these reasons