規制天国、インド

インドと日本は良く似ている！

Retailing in India
Coming to market

Apr 12th 2006 | DELHI

The final frontier for global retailing is beginning to open

市場経済化が進む人口大国インドは、小売業者にとっても美味しいマーケットに見えますが・・・・

（前略）・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・　•Red tape 　 Organised retailers also have to negotiate a bewildering minefield of central, state and local government rules and regulations at every stage of their operations. In most states the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Act, for example, prevents farmers from selling their wares directly to retailers. In Karnataka, in the south, most farm produce must be bought and sold at the government-run market. So at a vast cash-and-carry centre in Bangalore, the state capital, opened by Metro, a German group, the acres of shelf-space designed for fruit and vegetables are empty or otherwise occupied. In many states, land-ceiling legislation prevents large-scale contract farming. Some sorts of food processing are “reserved” for small businesses. In towns the size of shops and permissible opening hours are governed by local rules.

Labour laws discourage large businesses by making it hard for them to lay off staff. Retailers also need to collect sheaves of licences, covering general trading, specific products, pollution clearances and so on. According to a 2003 study, a new shop needed, on average, 15 licences from 11 government bodies, and securing them took an average of six months and cost up to 500,000 rupees. Pantaloon's Mr Biyani says that every time a regulation disappears, a new one takes its place. He identifies the Environment Ministry as the biggest logjam. One of his planned developments has been stalled for a year. He is also exercised by a law in the state of Maharashtra (which includes Mumbai) banning plastic bags. “No retailer in the world,” he laments, “can understand this.”　（後略）

独断的コメント：

　経済が成熟し、ゼロサムの価格競争を強いられる先進国の小売業者にとっては、膨大な人口と二桁近い成長率を誇るＢＲＩＣｓのような知己は垂涎の的でしょう。とはいえ、中国に食い物にされたヤオハンや中々西友を復活させられないウォールマートに見るように、カントリーリスクはかなり複雑なようです。

　このレッドテープの記事はまるで日本のことを述べているようです。社会主義思想と官僚天国という点からは、日本とインドは非常に似ています。そういう点では、腕力に任せて市場を切り開こうとする欧米型よりは、搦め手から攻めていく日本の小売業者のほうが成功しそうな気がしますが・・・・・。

更に興味のある方は、　　　　　　↓

http://www.economist.com/business/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=6795668

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