多元宇宙論 曖昧さ回避「マルチバース」Ⅴ【下外】
哲学および論理学における多元宇宙仮説
様相実在論
可能世界は確率、仮説上の言説、それに同様のものを説明する一つの方法である。デイヴィド・ルイスなどいくらかの哲学者は、すべての可能世界は存在する、そして実際の世界と同様に現実である（様相実在論として知られる立場）と信じている。
トランスワールド・アイデンティティ
あらゆる与えられた宇宙の無限の同一コピーを仮定する多元宇宙の枠組には、異なる可能世界に同一の物体が存在できるという観念の形而上学的な議論が生じる。デイヴィド・ルイスの対応者理論によると、異なる可能世界に存在するその物体はそれぞれ同一というよりも類似していると見なされるべきである[32][33]。
虚構実在論
虚構実在論では、創作が存在するということは、創作上のキャラクターも同様に存在すると考える。ここでは哲学的な議論はともかく、人々や月曜日や数や惑星が存在するのと同じような意味で、創作上の実在が存在する。
脚注
^ 英: multiverse、meta-universe or metaverse
^ James, William, The Will to Believe, 1895; and earlier in 1895, as cited in OED's new 2003 entry for "multiverse": "1895 W. JAMES in Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 6 10 Visible nature is all plasticity and indifference, a multiverse, as one might call it, and not a universe."
^ 英: alternative universes
^ 英: quantum universes
^ 英: interpenetrating dimensions
^ 英: parallel dimensions
^ 英: parallel worlds
^ 英: alternative realities
^ 英: alternative timelines
^ Tegmark, Max (May 2003). “Parallel Universes”. Scientific American.
^ Tegmark, Max (January 23 2003) (PDF). Parallel Universes 2006年2月7日閲覧。. (PDF)
^ a b c d "Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations.", Tegmark M., Sci Am. 2003 May;288(5):40-51.
^ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302131v1
^ Zyga, Lisa "Physicists Calculate Number of Parallel Universes", PhysOrg, 16 October 2009.
^ Tegmark, Max, The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Many Worlds or Many Words?, 1998. Deutsch, David, David Deutsch's Many Worlds,Frontiers, 1998.
^ http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2011/05/26/are-many-worlds-and-the-multiverse-the-same-idea/#.VWtNSB29Dak
^ 英: ensembles
^ Tegmark, Max (January 23 2003) (PDF). Parallel Universes 2006年2月7日閲覧。. (PDF).
^ シュミットフーバー (1997): A Computer Scientist's View of Life, the Universe, and Everything. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 201-208, Springer: IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ J. Schmidhuber (2000): Algorithmic Theories of Everything arXiv.org e-Print archive
^ J. Schmidhuber (2002): Hierarchies of generalized Kolmogorov complexities and nonenumerable universal measures computable in the limit. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13(4):587-612 IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ J. Schmidhuber (2002): The Speed Prior: A New Simplicity Measure Yielding Near-Optimal Computable Predictions. Proc. 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT 2002), Sydney, Australia, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 216-228. Springer: IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ Steven Weinberg(2005)"Living in the Multiverse"
^ a b Richard J Szabo, An introduction to string theory and D-brane dynamics (2004)
^ a b Maurizio Gasperini, Elements of String Cosmology (2007)
^ Paul Halpern, The Great Beyond, 2005
^ Craig Rusbult, Ph.D
^ Trinh, Xuan Thuan (2006). Staune, Jean. ed. Science & the Search for Meaning: Perspectives from International Scientists. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation. p. 186. ISBN 1599471027.
^ Baird, Eric (2007). Relativity in Curved Spacetime. Chocolate Tree. p. 241. ISBN 0955706807.
^ 英: ontological asymmetry
^ Lewis, David (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. Basil Blackwell.
^ Deutsch, Harry, "Relative Identity", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer '02), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
^ Paul B. Kantor "The Interpretation of Cultures and Possible Worlds", 1 October 2002
^ IngentaConnect Home
^ The Australian National University
^ James, William, The Will to Believe, 1895; and earlier in 1895, as cited in OED's new 2003 entry for "multiverse": "1895 W. JAMES in Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 6 10 Visible nature is all plasticity and indifference, a multiverse, as one might call it, and not a universe."
^ 英: alternative universes
^ 英: quantum universes
^ 英: interpenetrating dimensions
^ 英: parallel dimensions
^ 英: parallel worlds
^ 英: alternative realities
^ 英: alternative timelines
^ Tegmark, Max (May 2003). “Parallel Universes”. Scientific American.
^ Tegmark, Max (January 23 2003) (PDF). Parallel Universes 2006年2月7日閲覧。. (PDF)
^ a b c d "Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations.", Tegmark M., Sci Am. 2003 May;288(5):40-51.
^ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302131v1
^ Zyga, Lisa "Physicists Calculate Number of Parallel Universes", PhysOrg, 16 October 2009.
^ Tegmark, Max, The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Many Worlds or Many Words?, 1998. Deutsch, David, David Deutsch's Many Worlds,Frontiers, 1998.
^ http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2011/05/26/are-many-worlds-and-the-multiverse-the-same-idea/#.VWtNSB29Dak
^ 英: ensembles
^ Tegmark, Max (January 23 2003) (PDF). Parallel Universes 2006年2月7日閲覧。. (PDF).
^ シュミットフーバー (1997): A Computer Scientist's View of Life, the Universe, and Everything. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 201-208, Springer: IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ J. Schmidhuber (2000): Algorithmic Theories of Everything arXiv.org e-Print archive
^ J. Schmidhuber (2002): Hierarchies of generalized Kolmogorov complexities and nonenumerable universal measures computable in the limit. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13(4):587-612 IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ J. Schmidhuber (2002): The Speed Prior: A New Simplicity Measure Yielding Near-Optimal Computable Predictions. Proc. 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT 2002), Sydney, Australia, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 216-228. Springer: IDSIA - Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence
^ Steven Weinberg(2005)"Living in the Multiverse"
^ a b Richard J Szabo, An introduction to string theory and D-brane dynamics (2004)
^ a b Maurizio Gasperini, Elements of String Cosmology (2007)
^ Paul Halpern, The Great Beyond, 2005
^ Craig Rusbult, Ph.D
^ Trinh, Xuan Thuan (2006). Staune, Jean. ed. Science & the Search for Meaning: Perspectives from International Scientists. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation. p. 186. ISBN 1599471027.
^ Baird, Eric (2007). Relativity in Curved Spacetime. Chocolate Tree. p. 241. ISBN 0955706807.
^ 英: ontological asymmetry
^ Lewis, David (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. Basil Blackwell.
^ Deutsch, Harry, "Relative Identity", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer '02), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
^ Paul B. Kantor "The Interpretation of Cultures and Possible Worlds", 1 October 2002
^ IngentaConnect Home
^ The Australian National University
参考文献
Bernard Carr, ed. (2007) Universe or Multiverse? Cambridge Univ. Press.
Deutsch, David (45841 1985). Splash. ed. Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 400 ed.). pp. 97–117.
Ellis, George F.R.; U. Kirchner, William R. Stoeger (2004). “Multiverses and physical cosmology”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 347: 921–936. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x 2007年1月9日閲覧。.
関連項目
- 宇宙物理学
- 次元
- 4次元
- 異次元
- パラレルワールド
- 宇宙のインフレーション
- エヴェレットの多世界解釈
- 実在の織物
- 物理学の哲学
- 時空の哲学
- 還元主義
- シミュレーテッドリアリティ
- シミュレーション仮説
- オムニバース
- 様相実在論
- 不可能世界
- 異界
- ブラックホール
- なぜ何もないのではなく、何かがあるのか
外部リンク
- Aurélien Barrau, "Physics in the Multiverse."
- --------, "Multiple Universes?" (in French). Review of Carr (2007).
- Paul Davies (2004) "Multiverse Cosmological Models," Mod.Phys.Lett. A 19: 727-744.
- David Deutsch (2001) "The Structure of the Multiverse."
- Max Tegmark, "Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations."
- BBC Horizon -Parallel Universes.
- Michael Price's Everett FAQ.
- Jürgen Schmidhuber, "The ensemble of universes describable by constructive mathematics."
- Interview with Tufts cosmologist Alex Vilenkin on his new book, "Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes" on the podcast and public radio interview program ThoughtCast.
- Joseph Pine II about Multiverse, Presentation at Mobile Monday Amsterdam, 2008
- Multiverse - Radio-discussion on BBC Four with Melvyn Bragg
カテゴリ: