Glioblastoma is one form of deadly brain cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy waste patients’ precious time and in most cases they do not provide a cure. Now, researchers have found a high-tech laser surgery that may have an added benefit for patients. Laser surgery can open the protective blood-brain barrier, which enables chemotherapy drugs to reach brain tumors. The laser keeps the barrier open for about four weeks after the surgery, allowing time for drugs to work. Thus, the new technique might improve treatment of deadly brain cancer. The researchers said the discovery was not  intentional  and they are surprised to find that the laser therapy penetrated the protective blood-brain barrier.

膠芽腫致命的ながん1つの形態です。 手術、放射線、化学療法は患者の貴重な時間を浪費し、ほとんどの場合それらは治療を提供しません。 現在、研究者達は患者に更なる利益をもたらすかもしれないハイテクレーザー手術を発見しました。 レーザー手術は、防御の堅い血液脳関門を開くことができ、化学療法が脳腫瘍に到達できるようにします。 レーザーは、手術後約4週間脳関門を開いたままにし、薬剤が作用する時間を与えます。 したがって、この新しい技術は致命的な脳癌の治療を改善するかもしれません。 研究者らは、この発見は意図的なものではなくレーザー治療が防御性の高い血液脳関門を通過したことを発見して驚いたと述べている。

 

1. Potentially helpful chemotherapy drugs are blocked by the blood-brain barrier.

T  [ This statement is true, as line 3-7 states that the blood-brain barrier also keeps out potentially lifesaving chemotherapy drugs.  ]

2. Professor Eric Leuthardt intentionally conducted laser therapy to break down a patient's blood-brain barrier.

F  [This statement is false because the effect on the blood-brain barrier was an unintentional discovery, as line 17 states: during the procedure it was discovered the therapy had an unintended effect on the blood-brain barrier. ]

3.Laser therapy breaks down the blood-brain barrier but leaves it open for only a short time to effectively deliver chemotherapy drugs.

F [ We know from line 21 that there is enough time to be treated with medication : We were basically able to show that this blood-brain barrier is broken down for around four weeks after… ]

4. Doxorubicin is a powerful unapproved chemotherapy drug that is unlikely to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

T  [This statement is true because it matches the contents of line 29: In Kathy’s case, a powerful, experimental chemotherapy drug called doxorubicin, which has been notoriously hard to get past the barrier was delivered directly into her brain.]

5. The new technique is so safe and effective that it could be a new treatment option for patients with the deadly disease.  

F [In line 42, it is stated that the procedure by destruction of the blood-brain barrier is not guaranteed to be safe: The procedure is dangerous, a compromised blood-brain barrier puts the brain at risk]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2R試験について

1.  出題範囲 
① 教科書 Medical Front Line Unit 1, 2 Summary のみ、
Unit 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 は各Unit の本文、演習問題などすべて範囲とします。
② 配布物Reading   Extreme Weather, The G Factor 各々 Summary と本文前後にある演習問題 のみ。
③ 教科書 最新医学用語演習Unit 1-5
④ 配布物 「画像検査・その他」、「各臓器の検査」の用語

2. 出題方針 
① Unit 5, 6, 8, 10,11 は 重要な用語、語句、表現、内容理解などを問います。部分訳出題もあるかもしれません。配布した補助資料を用いて、英語、日本語とも復習が必要。
③ 基本的な接頭辞、接尾辞、連結形は必ず憶えておくこと。ただし、「~の接頭辞、接尾辞、連結形など、そのものを書け」という出題はありません。用語を答える問題。基本的な用例、用語で復習が大切。
④ は、英語、日本語両方書けるように準備しておく。最終日に例題演習の予定です。

◇ ③④の用語出題は全問題の30%程度、70%程度が①②からの出題です。最終回若干のヒントは言う可能性はありますが、何が出題されるか、といった質問には答えられません。では、諸君の準備を期待しています。
Shue

Read the passage and write T if the statement is true or F/fit is false. Then, explain with evidence why you chose your answer.

1. The bionic heart patch integrates both organic parts and engineered elements that could allow doctors to monitor patients' heart function.

T [ From the first line, it can be seen that the 3D-printed heart patch consists of live heart tissue and nanoelectronics, i.e. engineered elements. ]

2. The bionic heart patch cannot treat damaged heart tissue.

F [From the 7th line, it is said that the device could make it possible for the cardiac muscle to regenerate, so it may be possible to treat damaged heart tissue. ]

 3. The technology provides remote monitoring, electrical stimulation, and the automatic release of medication.

F [From line 16, the physician, not the technology, can remotely release drugs.]

4. For patients whose hearts have been damaged, the patch could be a revolutionary substitute for heart transplants.

T [ This statement is true, as it matches line 19; For a heart permanently damaged by disease or a heart attack, the patch could become an alternative to a heart transplant. ]

5. The researcher is hopeful that artificial organs can be created for transplantation.

T [This statement is true, as it matches line 26; I believe that in the future, in 10-20 years, there would be such bionic organs in the market or in hospitals to be transplanted.]

 

Summary

The researchers created an innovative heart patch to develop functional substitutes for tissue permanently damaged by heart attacks and cardiac disease. The nanotechnological tool combines both living tissue and electronic components to replace the damaged parts of the organ. The patch not only replaces organic tissue but also ensures its sound functioning through remote monitoring. The electronic components allow physicians to remotely monitor their patients' condition whether they are in the hospital or at home. A physician just logs into a computer and can see if the patient is feeling well. If something seems to be wrong with the patient’s heart, the physician can provide electrical stimulation or release drugs. The practical realization of the technology may take some time, but it may lead to even more promising discoveries such as creating bionic organs.

研究者たちは、心臓発作や心臓病によって永久に損傷を受けた組織の機能的な代替品を開発するために革新的な心臓パッチを作りだした。 ナノ技術によるツールによって、臓器の損傷部位を代替するため、生き組織と電子コンポーネントの両方を組み合わされている。 このパッチは、有機組織の代替するだけでなく、遠隔モニタリングを通じてその健全な機能を確実にします。 電子コンポーネントは、医師が病院にいようと自宅にいようと、患者の状態を遠隔でモニタリング

(監視)を可能にする。

医師はコンピュータにログインするだけで、患者が具合が良いかどうかを確認でき 患者の心臓に異常があると思われる場合、医師は電気刺激を与えたり、薬物を放出したりできる。技術の実用化には時間がかかるかもしれないが、生体工学による臓器の創出のような、さらに有望な発見につながる可能性があります。