In 2002, which the pluggable transceivers could be used for WDM systems, the inventor at that time on the one hand, only for reduce the cost about form factor of WDM transceivers and on the other hand it could unify WDM transponder design. With pluggable transceivers, only the different pluggable tranceivers need to be spared and single unified transponder or muxponder card can be used for the different wavelengths of different pluggable transceivers.
Pluggable WDM transceiver started to develop from the small form factor pluggable (SFPs). The first SFPs designed as uncolored and the wavelengths are 850, 1310, or 1550 nm GbE interfaces. But now, CWDM and DWDM SFP with different optical specifications and covering bit rates of up to 5Gb/s are available. In the form of the so-called SFP+, bit rates up to 11Gb/s are covered as well.
Today colored SFPs do not play an important role in WDM core networking anymore. This phenomenon is due to the bit rate limitation, further reason is also include it lack of tunability. They are still in use in certain WDM backhaul and access applications, SFPs still play an important role as muxponder local interfaces as well as switch/route interfaces. Here, they are being complemented by compact SFPs (CSFPs）that have two single fiber-working transceivers within the same form factor. These transceivers use two wavelengths for upstream and downstream, for example, 1310 and 1490 nm. CWDM options are available as well. For bit rates around 10 Gb/s (OC-192/STM-64, 10GbE, OTU2), 10G DWDM transceivers have been developed.
10G DWDM Transceivers include DWDM SFP+, DWDM XFP, DWDM X2 and DWDM XENPAK. The transceivers are suitable for use in 100GHz channel spacing DWDM systems. 10G DWDM Transceivers are available in 40 standard ITU DWDM channels from CH20 to CH61 (1528.77nm-1561.42nm). They are also available in a variety of rated distance options, including 40km and 80km.
In fact, as compared to SFPs, XFPs have larger form factor, which is mainly to allow accommodation of an external modulator (MZM or EAM). Because of the relevance of 10 Gb/s as a channel bit rate for WDM networking, XFPs are meanwhile available as tunable devices. These XFPs mainly use multisection DBR lasers.
Modern optical SFP transceivers support digital optical monitoring functions according to the industry standard SFF-8472 MSA. This feature gives the end user the ability to monitor real-time parameters of the SFP, such as optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and transceiver supply voltage.
SFP transceivers are designed to support SONET, Gigabit Ethernet, Fiber Channel, and other communications standards. The standard is expanding to SFP+, which will be able to support data rates up to 10.0 Gbit/s (that will include the data rates for 8 Gbit Fiber Channel, and 10 GbE).
Upon taking my small form factor pluggab (SFP+), transceiver out of the box for the first time, it hit me that ports look a lot like little empty boxes. It turns out there's a good reason for that; by default, there's no copper or fiber optic connection, and that is so the device will be as flexible as possible. This important and very cool feature graciously allows me, the SFP+ transceiver's end user, to pick the type of media i want to use with the Nexus platform.
I'm going with fiber optic, so i can implement long distance or short distance Ethernet depending on which SFP+ I choose. To connect them, I'll need an SFP+ for each end and a fiberoptic cable. Clearly, the SFP+ also determines the connection's speed. For example, 1Gbps or 10Gbps.
Informatics Research released a report tracking 10G, 40G, and 100G optical transceivers and transponders sold into the optical transport, carrier routing and switching, and enterprise markets.
The report, "10G/40G/100G Optical Transceivers Market Size and Forecasts,” analyzes the optical transceiver and transponder market by module, reach, wavelength, and form factor. It is also the first to use end-market projections of carrier preferences and equipment shipments to drive component forecasted.
10G, 40G, and 100G transceiver and transponder revenue is forecast by informatics Research to grow to 1.44 billion dollars worldwide by 2014, drive by 10G SFP+ and tunable XFP technology, and by spiles in future 40G and 100G adoption. Tunable XFPs are the major 10G growth opportunity, as they eliminate inventory management issues with fixed wavelength modules, fulfill the need for tunability as ROADM-based networking rises in popularity, and replace the more-costly 300-pin format.
Meanwhile, SFP+ is replacing XFP, driven by strong growth in 850nm modules for 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) and 8/16G Fiber channel applications.
Specifically, the report tracks the following long and short/intermediate rach optical transceivers/transponders. 10G modules by tunable, WDM fixed C-band, 1550nm, 1310nm, and 850nm wavelengths, split by form-factor: 300-pin, small form factor pluggable (XFP), and others. 40G modules by tunable, 1310nm, and 850 nm wavelengths, split by form factor: DPSK, DQPSK, opto duo-binary (ODB) and other, 300-pin SFI-5, 40gbASE-LR4, and 40GBase-SR4; 100G modules by tunable, 1310nm and 850 nm wavelengths, split by form factor: 100 DWDM, 100GBase-LR4, and 100GBase-SR10.
Vendors provide both active and passive versions of the 10GSFP + Cu DA cable. A direct attach cable assembly is considered active if there are signal processing electronics in the SFP+ module to improve signal quality and provide a longer cable distance. The least expensive approach is the passive direct attach cable, which tends to be shorter; the active direct attach cable makes it possible to support longer and thinner cable assemblies. The available cable lengths among different vendors.
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