fem-tech.siteThe female emperor who led Japan
In the past, Japan was ruled by Empress Jitō, the 41st reigning monarch, from 686 to 715. She was the third female monarch and is known as the longest-reigning female emperor. Empress Jitō actively participated in policy-making throughout different periods, both before and after her ascension to the throne as the retired emperor.
As a partner to those in power:
- She was involved in the planning of the Jinshin War initiated by Prince Ōama (later Emperor Tenmu).
- After Emperor Tenmu's ascension, she supported him as Empress and was involved in political affairs.
As a leader in her own right:
- She made efforts to preserve her lineage, being the daughter of Emperor Tenji.
- She condemned her nephew, Prince Ōtsu, for his rebellion against Emperor Tenmu, leading to his death.
- Following the premature death of Prince Kusakabe, she ascended to the throne herself as Empress, acting as a regent for her grandson, Prince Karu.
- After Prince Karu's ascension as Emperor Bunei, she served as the retired emperor and jointly handled political affairs.
- She took over and completed two major projects: the transfer of the capital to Fujiwara-kyō (the capital city) and the implementation of the Asuka-Jōmi-Genkō (the legal code).
Achievements of Empress Jitō:
- As a central figure in the Taika Reforms, she transformed Japan into a centralized state. The Taika Reforms were political and institutional reforms in Japan carried out in 645. Empress Jitō, as the empress consort of Emperor Tenmu, played a crucial role in these reforms, which aimed to centralize Japan's political system, drawing inspiration from China. This led to the development of Japan as a centralized state.
- She constructed Fujiwara-kyō and relocated the capital of Japan. Fujiwara-kyō was located in present-day Nara Prefecture and was built based on the Chinese capital city design. It became the first full-fledged capital in Japan and served as the center of politics and culture.
- She established the Taihō Code, which laid the foundation for Japan's legal system. Empress Jitō enacted the Taihō Code, the first comprehensive legal code in Japan. The code included provisions related to politics, economics, society, criminal law, and civil law, among others. The Taihō Code established the basis of Japan's legal system.
- She endeavored to promote the spread of Buddhism and built temples such as Hōryū-ji and Tōdai-ji. Empress Jitō made efforts to spread Buddhism and established temples such as Hōryū-ji in Asuka Village, Nara Prefecture, and Tōdai-ji in Nara City. Hōryū-ji and Tōdai-ji are the oldest temples in Japan and became the center of Japanese Buddhist culture.
- She established the name "Japan" as the country's title and the title of "Emperor." During her reign, various projects were accomplished, including the construction of Fujiwara-kyō, the maintenance of Ise Grand Shrine, and the compilation of the Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan) and the Man'yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
Empress Jitō's source of female power lies in her strong spirit and leadership. She did not confine herself to the role of a woman but actively engaged in politics and society on equal footing with men.
Empress Jitō made significant contributions to the advancement of women's rights and their participation in society.
大化改新の中心人物として日本を近代国家へと導いた持統天皇
皆様こんばんは
台風が近づいています。海水の温度が高く勢力が増していると報道されていました。何事もないことを願っております。
かつて、日本には女性天皇が牽制を奮った時代がありました。686年から715年まで在位した日本の第41代持統天皇です。女性天皇としては第3代で、最長在位の天皇としても知られています。持統天皇は天皇即位前、在位中、そして譲位してからも太上天皇（上皇）として数多くの重要な政策を実行した女性天皇です。
持統天皇はそれぞれの時勢において、立場を変えながら政策に深く関わっていました。
権力者のパートナーの立場として
・大海人皇子（のちの天武天皇）が決起した壬申の乱の計画に携わりました。
・天武天皇の即位後、皇后として天皇をサポートし、政治に関与しました。
自ら権力者として
・天智天皇の娘である自分の血統を残そうと力を尽くしました。
・人望のある甥の大津皇子を草壁皇子への謀反の罪で、死へと追いやりました。
・草壁皇子が早世し、孫の軽皇子の中つなぎとして自らが天皇に即位しました。
・軽皇子を文武天皇に即位させた後、自らは太上天皇として共同で政務を行いました。
・天武天皇の念願だった藤原京遷都、飛鳥浄御原令の２大事業を引き継ぎ、完了させました。
持統天皇の功績
大化改新の中心人物として、日本を中央集権国家に改めました。
大化改新は、645年に行われた日本の政治制度改革です。持統天皇は、天武天皇の皇后であり、大化改新の中心人物の一人でした。大化改新では、中国の政治制度を参考に、日本の政治制度を中央集権化しました。これにより、日本は中央集権国家へと発展しました。
藤原京を造営し、日本の首都を移した。
持統天皇は、藤原京を造営し、日本の首都を移しました。藤原京は、現在の奈良県に位置する都です。藤原京は、中国の都城を参考に造られました。藤原京は、日本初の本格的な都であり、日本の政治や文化の中心地となりました。
大宝律令を制定し、日本の法制を整備した。
持統天皇は、大宝律令を制定し、日本の法制を整備しました。大宝律令は、日本初の本格的な法典です。大宝律令には、政治、経済、社会、刑法、民法などに関する規定が含まれています。大宝律令は、日本の法制の基礎を築きました。
仏教の普及に努め、法隆寺や東大寺などの寺院を建立しました。
持統天皇は、仏教の普及に努めました。持統天皇は、法隆寺や東大寺などの寺院を建立しました。法隆寺は、奈良県の明日香村に位置する寺院です。東大寺は、奈良県の奈良市に位置する寺院です。法隆寺と東大寺は、日本最古の寺院であり、日本の仏教文化の中心地となっています。
「日本」という国号や「天皇」という称号は持統天皇が確立させました。藤原京の建設、伊勢神宮の整備、日本書紀や万葉集の編纂など、多くの事業が持統天皇の治世において成し遂げられました。
持統天皇の女性パワーの根源は、その強靭な精神力とリーダーシップにあります。持統天皇は、女性であることに甘んじることなく、男性と同じように政治や社会で活躍しました。持統天皇は、女性の権利向上と女性の社会進出に大きな功績を残した女性天皇です。持統天皇の施策は、現代のフェムテックの礎となり、女性の質の高い生活をサポートしています。
The first female emperor in Chinese history.
Hello everyone, it's a perfect day for reading as it's raining. Normally, I would hear the sound of birds from my garden, but today it's the pitter-patter of raindrops.
Now, in our recent Femtech series, let's delve deep into the infamous villainess, Wu Zetian.
She was a highly intelligent and skilled manipulator, employing various tactics to maintain control. With the emergence of figures like Wu Zetian, we have an opportunity to learn about independent thinking as women.
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Wu Zetian was born in 624 in the Tang Dynasty of China. At the age of 14, she became the concubine of Emperor Taizong, bearing him two sons. After the death of Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian supported her son Li Zhi to become emperor and seized power herself. She took the title of "Empress Regnant" and became the first and only female emperor in Chinese history in 690.
Wu Zetian was one of the most powerful women in Chinese history. She was a skilled politician and strategist, bringing prosperity to the Tang Dynasty. She also became a patron of arts and culture, ushering in a golden age for the Tang Dynasty.
Her achievements include:
1. Prosperity of the Tang Dynasty: Wu Zetian reformed the political system of the Tang Dynasty and revitalized the economy. She ordered the construction of the Grand Canal, improving transportation and trade in China.
2. Patronage of arts and culture: Wu Zetian became a patron of arts and culture, constructing many temples and schools. She also wrote numerous poems and songs, promoting the cultural flourishing of the Tang Dynasty.
3. First female emperor: Wu Zetian became the first female emperor in China and contributed to the advancement of women's rights. She appointed many women to high government positions, contributing to the social progress of women.
Her strategies included:
1. Strategies for winning power struggles: Wu Zetian excelled in power struggles and was able to eliminate many rivals. She garnered support from various people, enabling her to maintain her power.
2. Strategies for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty: Wu Zetian had excellent strategies for fostering the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. She reformed the political system, revitalized the economy, and strengthened the military.
3. Strategies for promoting arts and culture: Wu Zetian had effective strategies for promoting arts and culture. She constructed temples and schools, and her own literary works contributed to the promotion of Tang Dynasty's culture.
4. Strategies for advancing women's rights: Wu Zetian had strategies to contribute to the advancement of women's rights. She appointed many women to high government positions, fostering the social progress of women and increasing awareness and interest in women's roles in politics and society.
Wu Zetian's remarkable abilities and political acumen stabilized the country and resolved domestic and foreign issues. Although she had a controversial reputation, she possessed a broad perspective and wisdom.
Information about Wu Zetian's reign and the advancement of women's social status can be obtained from the following historical books and academic sources:
"Old Book of Tang" (or "New Book of Tang") - 『旧唐書』（または『新唐書』）
"Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance" - 『資治通鑑』
Research papers and academic journals in the field of history - 歴史学の研究論文や学術誌
Note: The English translations provided here are the titles of the sources mentioned in Japanese. In English, these sources are commonly referred to as "Old Book of Tang," "New Book of Tang," and "Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance."