A Nottingham Trent University spokesman said: "In recent months the university, like other organizations, has experienced an increase in the use of electronic cigarettes by both staff and students. The use of these has resulted in some debates as to their acceptability.

"Nottingham Trent University believes the use of electronic cigarettes is potentially disruptive, causes confusion and can be a distraction, as they appear to be real cigarettes from a distance. The university is not alone in drawing these conclusions."

Nottingham City Council said: "There is no policy at the moment but it is under consultation.

"E-cigarettes are unregulated, so the potential effects of them on users and bystanders are not yet known, and they are not considered by the BMA (British Medical Association) to be recognized as a smoking cessation aid for this reason.

"In addition to this, they have the appearance of a real cigarette, which would not project an appropriate image were these devices to be utilized during working time or on council premises."

A spokesman for JD Wetherspoon said: "The issue of whether or not electronic cigarettes can be used in our pubs has been considered at the highest levels within the company."

"Due to the problems experienced with the monitoring of these cigarettes, we can confirm that we do not permit the use of electronic cigarettes in our pubs."

A spokesman for the Victoria Centre and Broadmarsh Centre said: "We ask people not to use electronic cigarettes in our centers."

"We made this decision to avoid any confusion to shoppers and security staff, as they can look very realistic from a distance."

A spokesman for the University of Nottingham said: "There is currently no prohibition of the use of e-cigarettes inside our buildings but this is being monitored."

A spokesman for Nottingham's two hospitals said: "We do not allow staff to smoke e-cigarettes but we currently have no policy for visitors."