CLICK IN HERE TO READ THE BOOK
"$PDF$/READ/DOWNLOAD The International Procurement System: Liberalization & Protectionism
This book provides a multifaceted analysis of the one of the more elusive spheres in the international trade arena: government procurement. In opening their procurement markets to international actors, governments must balance the competing forces of liberalization and protectionism. Liberalization strives to open foreign procurement markets. Protectionism moves in the opposite direction and aims to protect domestic markets from foreign competition.This book strips away the complexity of the international procurement system and explains its building blocks - the basic elements that have been used to balance liberalization and protectionism. These elements include foundational agreements, key players, challenges, and prospects for expansion. The book examines:Why government procurement remains outside the multilateral agreements under the World Trade Organization.How countries willing to open their procurement markets in exchange for reciprocal access to their trading partners8217 procurement pursued their aims through plurilateral procurement agreements, notably the WTO Government Procurement Agreement.Why plurilateral agreements have had difficulty attracting developing countries.How the United States balanced opening foreign procurement markets and compliance with a myriad of 8216Buy American8217 requirements mandated by Congress.How the United States balance of liberalization and protectionism began to tilt inward under the Trump presidency and continued under the Biden administration.How the United States sought to open Japanese government procurement with a series of one-sided agreements.How the European Union8217s ambitious trade negotiating agenda has outpaced that of the United States.How the European Union8217s insistence on extensive procurement commitments in its agreements has contributed to the growth and stability of the international procurement system.How the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership8217s (CPTPP) incorporation of developing countries with special measures provides a model for other agreements.Why China remains outside of international procurement disciplines and the resulting ramifications.Whether the development of unilateral measures could undermine the international procurement system.Overall, the book comprehensively examines the current state of the international procurement system 8211 its strengths and its weaknesses - and suggests how this system may develop in the future.
"