Social anxiety is an anxiety disorder in which there is intense fear of social events and interaction with people. A person with social anxiety disorder suffers from embarrassment, humiliation, depression, inadequacy and fear of performing poorly in a social situation. The most common situations in which people experience significant emotional distress are speaking in public, being the center of attraction, meeting new people, talking to a person of the opposite sex, writing in front of others, or being watched by others.
When exposed to these situations, a person with anxiety disorder may become very uncomfortable and can experience physical and emotional symptoms. Emotional symptoms include intense fear, feeling of wanting to escape and nervousness, while the physical symptoms include palpitations, sweating, dizziness, tense muscles, flushing/blushing and trembling. In extreme cases of social anxiety disorder, a person may rely on alcohol or drugs to get him through the dreadful situation.
Although the exact cause of social anxiety has not been established, it is apparent that both biological and psychological factors play an important role. Genetic predisposition is a cause for social anxiety. Sensitivity to criticism, shyness and behavioral inhibition may be passed on from one generation to the other. A person with one or both shy parents may inherit a genetic code that turns shyness into social anxiety.
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A combination of genetics and environment triggers the social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety emerges at different stages of development. Any traumatic, insulting or stressful life events, occurring in the early developmental stage, may increase the chances of social anxiety disorder. It may also be caused due to certain imbalances in the brain chemicals called serotonin, which helps in transporting signals between the nerve cells in the brain. These chemical messengers help in regulating a person's thoughts and feelings. Any imbalances in these create a problem with the way the brain's messages are sent out and a person feels depressed or anxious.
Another cause of the anxiety can be the disturbances of amygdala. Amygdala is the small structure in the brain that controls fear response. An overactive amygdala can cause social anxiety. Individuals with social anxiety disorder have disturbances in some part of the anxiety response system.