Professor Kamuro's near-future science predictions
AERI Satellite-Mounted Greenhouse Gas Detection System
- Successful Quantification of the Contribution of Ecosystem Recovery to Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions -
Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist
Visiting Professor of Quantum Physics,
California Institute of Technology
IEEE-USA Fellow
American Physical Society-USA Fellow
PhD. & Dr. Kazuto Kamuro
AERI：Artificial Evolution Research Institute
Pasadena, California
HP: https://www.aeri-japan.com/
and
Xyronix Corporation
Pasadena, California
HP: https://www.usaxyronix.com/
Foreword
A. Professor Kamuro's near-future science predictions, provided by CALTECH professor Kazuto Kamuro(Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.) and Ph.D. in Quantum Physics, Semiconductor Physics, and Quantum Optics), Chief Researcher at the Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI, https://www.aeri-japan.com/) and Xyronix Corporation(specializing in the design of a. Neural Connection LSI, b. BCI LSI（Brain-Computer Interface LSI） (Large Scale Integrated Circuits) , and c. bio-computer semiconductor technology that directly connects bio-semiconductors, serving as neural connectors, to the brain's nerves at the nano scale, https://www.usaxyronix.com/), are based on research and development achievements in cutting-edge fields such as quantum physics, biophysics, neuroscience, artificial brain studies, intelligent biocomputing, next-generation technologies, quantum semiconductors, satellite optoelectronics, quantum optics, quantum computing science, brain computing science, nano-sized semiconductors, ultra-large-scale integration engineering, non-destructive testing, lifespan prediction engineering, ultra-short pulses, and high-power laser science.
The Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI) and Xyronix Corporation employ over 160 individuals with Ph.D.s in quantum brain science, quantum neurology, quantum cognitive science, molecular biology, electronic and electrical engineering, applied physics, information technology (IT), data science, communication engineering, semiconductor and materials engineering. They also have more than 190 individuals with doctoral degrees in engineering and over 230 engineers, including those specializing in software, network, and system engineering, as well as programmers, dedicated to advancing research and development.
Building on the outcomes in unexplored and extreme territories within these advanced research domains, AERI and Xyronix Corporation aim to provide opportunities for postgraduate researchers in engineering disciplines. Through achievements in areas such as the 6th generation computer, nuclear deterrence, military unmanned systems, missile defense, renewable and clean energy, climate change mitigation, environmental conservation, Green Transformation (GX), and national resilience, the primary objective is to furnish scholars with genuine opportunities for learning and discovery. The overarching goal is to transform them from 'reeds that have just begun to take a step as reeds capable of thinking' into 'reeds that think, act, and relentlessly pursue growth.' This initiative aims to impart a guiding philosophy for complete metamorphosis and to provide guidance for venturing into unexplored and extreme territories, aspiring to fulfill the role of pioneers in this new era.
B. In the cutting-edge research domain, the Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI) and Xyronix Corporation have made notable advancements in various fields. Some examples include:
1. AERI･HEL (Petawatt-class Ultra-High Power Terawatt-class Ultra-High Power
Femtosecond Laser)
◦ Petawatt-class ultra-high power terawatt-class ultra-short pulse laser (AERI･HEL)
2. 6th Generation Computer&Computing
◦ Consciousness-driven Bio-Computer
◦ Brain Implant Bio-Computer
3. Carbon-neutral AERI synthetic fuel chemical process
(Green Transformation (GX) technology)
◦ Production of synthetic fuel (LNG methanol) through CO₂ recovery system (DAC)
4. Green Synthetic Fuel Production Technology(Green Transformation (GX) technology)
◦ Carbon-neutral, carbon-recycling system-type AERI synthetic fuel chemical process
5. Direct Air Capture Technology (DAC)
◦ Carbon-neutral, carbon-recycling carbon dioxide circulation recovery system
6. Bio-LSI・Semiconductors
◦ Neural connection element directly connecting bio-semiconductors and brain nerves
on a nanoscale
◦ Brain LSI Chip Set, Bio-Computer LSI, BMI LSI, BCI LSI, Brain Computing LSI,
Brain Implant LSI
7. CHEGPG System (Closed Cycle Heat Exchange Power Generation System with
Thermal Regenerative Binary Engine)
◦ Power generation capability of Terawatt (TW), annual power generation of
10,000 TWh (terawatt-hour) class
◦ 1 to 0.01 yen/kWh, infinitely clean energy source, renewable energy source
8. Consciousness-Driven Generative Autonomous Robot
9. Brain Implemented Robot･Cybernetic Soldier
10. Generative Robot, Generative Android Army, Generative Android
11. High-Altitude Missile Initial Intercept System, Enemy Base Neutralization System,
Nuclear and Conventional Weapon Neutralization System, Next-Generation
Interception Laser System for ICBMs, Next-Generation Interception Laser System
for Combat Aircraft
12. Boost Phase, Mid-Course Phase, Terminal Phase Ballistic Missile Interception System
13. Volcanic Microseismic Laser Remote Sensing
14. Volcanic Eruption Prediction Technology, Eruption Precursor Detection System
15. Mega Earthquake Precursor and Prediction System
16. Laser Degradation Diagnosis, Non-Destructive Inspection System
17. Ultra-Low-Altitude Satellite, Ultra-High-Speed Moving Object
Non-Destructive Inspection System
✼••┈┈••✼••┈┈••✼••┈┈••✼••┈┈••✼••┈┈••✼••┈┈••✼
AERI Satellite-Mounted Greenhouse Gas Detection System
- Successful Quantification of the Contribution of Ecosystem Recovery to Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions -
A. Main Causes of Global Warming: a. Combustion of Fossil Fuels: The global carbon dioxide emissions reach about 4 billion tons annually, with approximately 80% attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels (Source: IEA). Every year, approximately 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide are emitted into the atmosphere from the combustion of coal worldwide (Source: Global Carbon Project). b. Methane Emissions: Global methane emissions amount to around 500 million tons annually. Major sources of emissions include livestock farming, waste disposal facilities, and wetlands (Source: EPA). c. Deforestation and Land Use Change: Every year, global forests decrease by over 10,000 square kilometers, leading to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere (Source: FAO). Deforestation contributes to the release of approximately 500 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually (Source: Global Forest Watch). d. Land Use Change and Urbanization: Approximately 25% of the Earth's surface area has been urbanized due to land use changes, accelerating the urban heat island effect and causing an increase in surface temperatures (Source: NASA). e. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Industrial Processes: The global cement industry emits around 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for about 8% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions (Source: IEA). These figures and data illustrate the severity of the primary causes of global warming. Effective measures such as transitioning to sustainable energy sources, forest conservation, and improved urban planning are necessary to address these issues.
B. Impact of Global Warming on Natural Environments and Ecosystems:
a. Ocean:
· Sea Level Rise: According to the IPCC report, sea level rise is predicted to reach a maximum of 0.59 to 0.89 meters by the end of the 21st century. This is estimated to expose approximately 400 million residents to the risk of flooding (Source: IPCC AR5).
· Ocean Acidification: If the concentration of carbon dioxide doubles, it is predicted that the pH of the ocean will decrease by 0.3 to 0.4 units, leading to ocean acidification (Source: IPCC AR5).
b. Forests:
1. Forest Fires: According to NASA's research, the frequency and scale of forest fires worldwide are increasing due to climate change-induced droughts, resulting in the annual loss of millions of hectares of forests.
2. Decline in Biodiversity: According to the IPCC report, climate change may increase the extinction risk of approximately 10 to 30% of terrestrial species by 2050.
c. Animal Ecosystems: Habitat Loss: According to the WWF report, polar habitats are decreasing due to climate change, with the possibility of a halving in the population of Adélie penguins in Antarctica by the middle of the 21st century. Changes in Migration Patterns: Climate change is altering the migration patterns of animals in places like Africa's Serengeti, leading to shifts in ecosystem balance.
These figures illustrate the severity of the impact of global warming on natural environments and ecosystems. Without sustainable measures, ecosystem functionality and biodiversity may be at risk.
C. Solar geoengineering refers to the deliberate intervention in the Earth's climate system through technological methods to mitigate the effects of global warming. This includes methods to lower the Earth's temperature by reflecting sunlight through the release of particles into the atmosphere.
As global warming progresses, Solar geoengineering is a notable technology under scrutiny for its potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Solar geoengineering's specific methods and their effects are explained from various perspectives:
· Methods of Solar geoengineering
1.1 Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) SAI involves dispersing particles into the atmosphere to enhance the reflectivity of marine clouds. This is expected to increase cloud reflection of sunlight, thereby lowering the Earth's temperature. Specifically, by releasing sulfate aerosols into the upper atmosphere, sunlight is reflected, lowering the Earth's temperature. The estimated reflective effect is 1.5 to 2W/m², and model simulations suggest it could potentially lower the Earth's average temperature by about 1 degree (Jones et al., 2019).
1.2 Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) MCB involves releasing salt into the atmosphere from the ocean to increase cloud particles, enhancing sunlight reflection. The reflective effect is 1.2 to 2W/m², and experiments have shown that salt dispersion over the ocean increases cloud brightness, raising the Earth's overall albedo (Latham et al., 2012).
1.3 Albedo Modification (AM) AM reflects sunlight by increasing the reflectivity of the Earth's surface. This includes the use of bright colors in buildings and urban areas. For example, changing the color of roofs and paved roads in cities to bright colors can increase the Earth's surface albedo, thereby increasing sunlight reflection.
1.4 Vegetation Modification (VM) VM involves altering widespread vegetation to change the Earth's surface reflectivity. For example, planting light-colored species like birch trees in some parts of forests can increase the Earth's surface reflectivity.
1.5 Deployment of Mirrors This method involves deploying mirrors in space to reflect some of the sunlight incident on the Earth. Using a thin film called "ansarite," it is possible to reflect sunlight onto specific areas of the Earth. However, this method faces numerous technological challenges, and large-scale deployment comes with significant costs and risks.
1.6 Roof and Road Painting This method increases sunlight reflection by painting the surfaces of buildings' roofs and roads in bright colors. While specific numerical data are still under research, this could be implemented in urban planning.
1.7 Deployment of Artificial Satellites This method involves deploying artificial satellites with mirrors or films to reflect sunlight incident on the Earth. Although technically challenging, it is being considered as a large-scale climate change mitigation measure. Model simulations suggest it could lower the Earth's average temperature by 0.5 to 1.5 degrees (Keith et al., 2010).
1.8 Sea Spray This method involves releasing tiny water droplets from devices installed on the ocean to promote cloud formation and sunlight reflection. Specific numerical data on its effects are not yet established, but research considering its impact on marine environments is necessary.
1.9 Foam Generation This method raises the reflectivity of the water surface by generating foam on the ocean surface. Specific numerical data on its effects are still under research, but evaluation including its impact on marine ecosystems is necessary.
1.10 Greenhouse Gas Removal Device (GGRD) This method involves releasing sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere from the ground or aircraft to reflect some of the sunlight. Specific numerical data on its effects are still under research, but concerns about side effects such as air pollution and acid rain exist.
1. Effectiveness and Challenges of Solar geoengineering
Solar geoengineering techniques have been proposed as a temporary solution to global warming, but there are technical, environmental, and political risks. Therefore, it is at the stage of discussion and research, and careful consideration and international agreement are necessary for implementation. While it holds the potential to mitigate the impacts of climate change, several challenges exist. These include technical issues, environmental impacts, and the necessity of international agreement. Moreover, ethical concerns and unforeseen side effects are also concerns.
Conclusion
Solar geoengineering is a promising technology for addressing global warming, but its implementation requires careful consideration and international agreement. Pursuing sustainable solutions while considering the effects and challenges of various techniques is imperative.
D. The AERI satellite-based greenhouse gas detection system quantifies how much ecosystem recovery contributes to emission reduction in relation to greenhouse gas emissions. The success lies in demonstrating with specific numerical data and information whether ecosystem recovery has an effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
· A team of scientists from the Solar geoengineering Division of the United States Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI: Pasadena, California, HP: https://www.aeri-japan.com/), led by Professor Kazuto Kamuro, the chief research officer of AERI, is currently developing the AWUDS (AERI Wideband UV Dual Comb Spectrophotometer), a core remote monitoring method for greenhouse gases and volcanic gases with high UV reactivity in the atmosphere, to monitor (observe and monitor) the occurrence amount, concentration, occurrence location, distribution, and movement of greenhouse gases and volcanic gases to track short-term and long-term changes in volcanic activity for the purpose of monitoring (observing and monitoring) emission amounts and concentrations, locations, distributions, movements, etc.
· In 2013, the team of scientists from AERI's Solar geoengineering Division continuously measured the gas properties necessary for Solar geoengineering (Solar geoengineering) such as the components, composition, and concentration of volcanic gases in the atmosphere, including but not limited to nitrous oxide (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and other climate-related trace gases (greenhouse gases), as well as carbon dioxide gas (CO2), sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), methane gas (CH4), nitrous oxide gas (N2O), hydrogen gas (H2), carbon monoxide gas (CO), hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), hydrogen chloride gas (HCl), hydrogen fluoride gas (HF), silicon tetrafluoride gas (SiF4), methane gas (CH4), ammonia gas (NH3), and carbonyl sulfide gas (COS) in the atmosphere. In addition, they announced the AERI Wideband AWUDS (called "Ooze") as the world's first and most advanced satellite-mounted remote sensing and analysis method (optical spectroscopic method) that can observe and monitor the reactions with the climate change environment remotely and in real-time from ultra-low altitude artificial satellites.
· In parallel with AWUDS, the team of scientists from AERI's Solar geoengineering Division continuously monitored the initial, growth, and saturation stages of volcanic gas occurrence and movement, such as nitrous oxide (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and other climate-related trace gases (greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere, as well as carbon dioxide gas (CO2), sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), methane gas (CH4), nitrous oxide gas (N2O), hydrogen gas (H2), carbon monoxide gas (CO), hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), hydrogen chloride gas (HCl), hydrogen fluoride gas (HF), silicon tetrafluoride gas (SiF4), methane gas (CH4), ammonia gas (NH3), and carbonyl sulfide gas (COS) from ultra-low altitude artificial satellites equipped with satellite optoelectronics and the above AWUDS, enabling high-speed scanning of the entire Japan within minutes, 24 hours continuously and in real-time, and remote observation and monitoring (optical spectroscopic observation and monitoring) of volcanic activity, as a Solar geoengineering research tool.
· From the perspective of Solar geoengineering, the AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system, using remote sensing devices composed of (1) the AWUDS "Ooze," (2) quantum interferometric vector dynamic systems, and (3) chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and off-axis parabolic mirrors (hyperbolic secondary focal length rotational hyperboloid mirrors) interpolated single wavelength petawatt-class ultrahigh intensity femtosecond-class ultrashort pulse laser systems (AERI HEL), mounted on earth observation satellites such as ultra-low altitude artificial satellites, is used to monitor (observe and monitor) emission amounts, concentrations, locations, distributions, movements, etc. of greenhouse gases and volcanic gases in real-time and in situ with a temporal resolution of 1 billion samples per minute (10 gigasamples/minute) and a spatial resolution of 100 million sampling points per square meter, and quantify the contribution of ecosystem recovery to greenhouse gas emission reduction.
The analysis methods employed by the AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system are essential not only for quantifying the contribution of ecosystem recovery to greenhouse gas emission reduction but also for understanding volcanic activity and predicting eruptions, and are indispensable for disaster prevention and minimization of volcanic disasters (natural disasters, calamities), including predicting, anticipating, preventing, and minimizing precursors and signs of volcanic disasters (natural disasters, calamities), and for strengthening national resilience.
E. The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere has irreversible consequences for the future of the Earth. Forests, grasslands, and wetlands are three major ecosystems crucial to the global GHG budget, yet the general patterns of how ecosystem recovery affects GHGs on a global scale have not been thoroughly analyzed. Changes in land use and ecosystem degradation cause significant emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), leading to irreversible impacts on the Earth's future. The Solar geoengineering scientists team at AERI and the climate change and warming research team focus on this issue, researching strategies to strengthen carbon absorption sources, reduce the potential for global warming, and cut greenhouse gas emissions by restoring forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
1. Forests, grasslands, and wetlands are three major ecosystems crucial to the global GHG budget, but there are multiple factors (types of restoration, methods, ages, etc.) influencing GHGs. The AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system enables investigation not only of the effects of ecosystem recovery on one or a few emissions of greenhouse gases at the zone or regional level but also analysis of the impacts of the recovery of the three major ecosystems of forests, grasslands, and wetlands on greenhouse gases on a global scale.
2. The AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system has obtained research results showing that methane uptake increases significantly by 92% and 40% with the restoration of forests and grasslands, respectively, while methane gas emissions increase by tenfold with wetland restoration. Additionally, forest and grassland recovery had no clear impact on nitrous oxide emissions, but wetland recovery significantly reduced nitrous oxide gas emissions by 70%.
3. The AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system is the world's first and unique cutting-edge technology to elucidate the contribution of ecosystem recovery to greenhouse gas emissions and visualize the importance of restoration age in regulating greenhouse gas emissions in restored ecosystems with numerical data.
4. Furthermore, monitoring (observing and monitoring) of greenhouse gases by the AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system has estimated that net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in wetlands has an exponential and negative correlation with recovery age, and the transition time from CO2 emission source to CO2 absorption source is approximately 4 years. In addition, the NEE of restored forests decreases with the age of afforestation and reforestation, and the transition period from CO2 emission source to CO2 exchange absorption source is estimated to be about 3 to 5 years for afforestation and reforestation, approximately 6 years for clear-cutting, and 13 years for post-clearing.
5. Professor Kazuto Kamuro, the chief research officer of AERI, explains, "Research on the relative relationship between ecosystems and greenhouse gases using the AERI satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system suggests that the recovery of forests, grasslands, and wetlands functions as an effective strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the global warming potential."
END.
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Quantum Brain Chipset & Bio Processor (BioVLSI)
♠♠♠ Kazuto Kamuro: Professor, PhD, and Doctor of Engineering ♠♠♠
・Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.) and Ph.D. in Quantum Physics, Semiconductor Physics, and Quantum Optics
・Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist involved in CALTECH & AERI
・Associate Professor of Quantum Physics, California Institute of Technology（CALTECH）
・Associate Professor and Brain Scientist in Artificial Evolution Research Institute（ AERI: https://www.aeri-japan.com/ ）
・Chief Researcher at Xyronix Corporation(HP: https://www.usaxyronix.com/)
・IEEE-USA Fellow
・American Physical Society Fellow
・email: info@aeri-japan.com
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【Keywords】
・Artificial Evolution Research Institute: AERI, Pasadena, California
HP: https://www.usaxyronix.com/
・Xyronix Corporation, Pasadena, California
HP: https://www.usaxyronix.com/
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