The person wearing the witch’s costume/22 月 Lesson136 動詞-ing形⑤
You are not going to talk about Heiji, again, are you?
I think I want to go into hiding? Hi, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Ready for another brand-new week of Rajio Eikaiwa.
You know, actually I went to Switzerland last month. When I was looking all over for Heiji. But I couldn’t find her, because she was in hiding.
And you are?
My name is Chris McVay.
–
You look a little tired. What happened?
I spent all morning cleaning up my room. My relatives are coming to our house tomorrow.
I see. How many people are coming?
About ten. We’re having a Halloween party tomorrow. My mother and I will make pumpkin cookies.
Pumpkin cookies? I’ve never heard of that tradition for Halloween.
It’s a tradition in our family. I love to eat them on Halloween. If you want to try some, please come to our house tomorrow. The person wearing the witch’s costume will be … me!
Ha ha! OK, that sounds great! So I’ll drop by tomorrow, and I’ll wear a costume too.
Terrific. See you tomorrow.
–
relative 親戚
tradition 伝統、習わし
drop by 立ち寄る
I’ve never heard of that tradition for Halloween.
ハロウィーンにそんな習わしがあるなんて聞いたことがないけど。
hear of 〜について聞く」
I love to eat them on Halloween. If you want to try some, please come to our house tomorrow.
私はそれをハロウィーンのときに食べるのが大好きなの。食べてみたければ、明日、家に来てちょうだい。
I’ll drop by tomorrow.
明日、立ち寄ることにするよ。
-spend 時間 -ing
I spent all morning cleaning up my room.
The person wearing the witch’s costume will be … me!
魔法使いの仮装をしている人が私よ。
English speaking country
-GRAMMAR IN ACTION〜文法の実践〜動詞-ing形で動詞句・名詞に説明を加える
1). 答案を採点するのに午前中ずっと忙しかったんだ。
採点する grade、答案 test 、busy -ing 〜して忙しい
Could you give me an alternative for this one?
I’ll give you a British alternative if you like.
In stead of grade we can say mark papers.
2).土手で釣りをしている人はたくさん魚を捕まえているよ。
人、男なら guy 土手 riverbank
3). サッカーをしている女の子がルーツですよ。
–1). I’ve been busy grading exam papers all morning.
2). The guy fishing on the riverbank has caught lots of fish.
3). The girl playing soccer is Lucy.
Yes, so. As far as native speakers are concerned, you know, you put a phrase in a specific position and automatically we understand its role of its function. That’s the way it works, right?
That’s right. As we mentioned, English is very systematic. So if you get the rule, then you’ll understand.
She accepted the prize, smiling happily./23 火 Lesson137 動詞-ing形⑥分詞構文
That was good, Sensei.
You are the best.
Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Let’s have another fun lesson.
Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Now you can’t see what we were doing this lesson, smiling happily.
–
Welcome back to our culture show. I’m Robert Simpson.
And I’m Akina Hayakawa.
Akina, you went to a special event last night.
Yes, it was so exciting to be at the Momiji Literature Awards ceremony. And the winner of the Gold Award, Yuki Yamada, is one of my favorite young authors.
Her book Island Dream is already a bestseller. But after this award, I’m sure many more people will want to read it.
Ms. Yamada is also a very good speaker. She accepted the prize, smiling happily. Then she thanked all her fans and talked about why she wrote the book.
–
She accepted the prize, smiling happily. 微笑みながら
By the way, who is smiling?
Is that a serious question?
Well, of course, it’s she.
–
literature 文学、文芸
award, awards 賞 Gold Award 金賞
ceremony 儀式、式典
author 著者、作家
For more information, take a look at the textbook.
–
It was so exciting to be at the Momiji Literature Awards ceremony.
モミジ文学賞の授賞式に出席して、とても興奮しました。
副詞的用法の不定詞、原因 〜して
And the winner of the Gold Award, Yuki Yamada, is one of my favorite young authors.
そして、金賞を獲得したユキ・ヤマダさんは私の好きな若手作家のひとりなんです。
Then she thanked all her fans and talked about why she wrote the book.
そのあとで、彼女はすべてのファンに感謝の言葉を述べ、なぜこの本を書いたのかを語ってくれました。
–
She accepted the prize, smiling happily.
彼女はうれしそうにほほ笑みながら賞を受け取りました。
She left a note on the door, finding nobody home.
誰も家にいなかったため、彼女はドアにメモを残した
It suddenly started to pour, causing everyone to run for cover.
突然大雨が降ってきて、みんな逃げ場を求めて走った。
–
1). 今朝銀行から出たときに、私はヘレンとばったり会った。
bump into ばったり会う
2). タンゴを踊っていて足首を捻挫した！
sprain 捻挫する、くじく
2). 多くのファンは、応援しているチームが確実に負けることが分かって、試合が終わる前に帰った。
leave the match
be certain to –
1). I bumped into Helen, coming out of the bank this morning.
-, when I came out of -.
I bumped into Helen, coming out of the bank this morning.
I bumped into Helen, when I came out of the bank this morning.
Could you explain the differences of nuances between these two?
Well, if you use, When I came out of the bank this morning, of course, it’s OK. But it’s a very flat description of what happened. But as soon as you use the -ing form, Wow! It adds a flowing rhythm and sharpness to the sentence.
Yeah, it’s much more lively nuance.
2). Many fans left the match before the end, knowing that their team was certain to lose.
So when do you want to use this construction?
Well, I think the most common place to use this is when you want to tell a story, a story telling.
Yeah, I hope you guys can practice that kind of story telling too
Having visited New York before,/24 水 Lesson138 動詞-ing形⑦発展的分詞構文
Hey, everyone. Rosa Akino is here. Not wanting to spend too much time on the intro, Rosa handed off the spotlight over to Chris.
Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Well, not to wanting to disappoint Rosa, I’ll announce the start of today’s amazing lesson.
–
Hey, Bill, how was your business trip to New York?
It went well, thanks.
Did you have a hot dog and New York-style pizza?
Yes, I did, but I ate too much. I think I gained two kilos.
You went with Pamela, the marketing director, right?
Right. It was her second trip to the Big Apple. Having visited New York before, she knew some really good restaurants.
Oh, did you buy any souvenirs?
Yes, I got a Yankees baseball cap for my son. He’s a huge baseball fan.
–
Having visited New York before, she knew some really good restaurants.
So, why is the phrase “Having visited New York before” preposed from the usual sentence final position?
Well, you know, there are several possible reasons, but in this case, I think the main thing about the timing of the two events, knowing the really good restaurant, naturally comes after having visited New York, right?
Yeah, putting it in that order makes it a lot easier to understand what happened when.
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-business trip 出張（旅行）
marketing director マーケティング部長
the Big Apple ビッグアップル（ニューヨーク市の愛称）
souvenir (旅行などの)記念の品
If you want more information, check out the testbook.
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How was your business trip to New York?
ニューヨークへの出張はどうだった？
I think I gained two kilos.
2キロは太ったんじゃないかと思う。
gain get（手に入れる）
He’s a huge baseball fan. 大ファン
–
Having visited New York before, she knew some really good restaurants.
前にニューヨークを訪れていたから、彼女はとてもいいレストランをいくつか知っていたよ。
時系列順序、強調
Having visited 完了系の分詞構文 以前に訪れていたので、過去の過去。
As she had visited New York before, she knew -.
Not wanting to be late, she took a taxi.
遅れたくなかったので、彼女はタクシーに乗った。
As I didn’t want to be late, she took a taxi. 過去と過去、同じ wanting
–
1). 店に到着すると、閉まっていることが分かった。
一連の出来事、同時と考えれば、havingは不要
2). 十分お金をためたので、私たちは10日間のカリブ海クルーズを予約した。
save up, save,
3). 誰の気持ちも傷つけたくはなかったので、私は何も言わないことに決めた。
wish to, want to
So, what’s the difference between want to and wish to?
Well, of course, both are Okay. But want is a basic verb, isn’t it? Like I want an ice cream, you know. But wish as a more formal, perhaps elegant style to it, right?
It’s kind of, more like a high class expression. Don’t you think?
Therefore it fits in better with this “hurt anyone’s feelings.
So how impressed will you be if you hear learners to start a sentence with an ing phrase.
Well, I would be very impressed because, you know, it’s not part of every day conversation, but if they find a right moment to select this ing phrase, it would be wonderful.
I agree. And I wish to give you all a piece of advice, which is try to catch this type of sentence structure when you hear native speakers talking. And that will help you get used to it as well.
仕事を終えたので、オフィスを出た。
(1,2) my work, I left the office.
1). Arriving at the store, I found it was closed.
2). Having saved (up) enough money, we booked (ourselves) a 10-day Caribbean cruise.
3). Not wishing to hurt anyone’s feelings. I decided to say nothing.
Having finished
Getting out of the taxi/25 木 Lesson139 動詞-ing形⑧
Hey, everyone. This is Rosa Akino. Let’s practice English with our hearts.
Hi, everyone. Chris McVay here. Arriving at the studio today, I thought, Yes, Let’s practice with our hearts. It’s a good idea, Rosa.
–
Ms. Jones, I’d like to ask you a few questions.
Of course, detective. I’ll do my best to answer them.
OK. Where were you on the evening of October 26th?
I was at the opera until around 10:00. Then I took a taxi home. Getting out of the taxi, I heard a woman screaming. I was very frightened.
What happened when you entered your house?
When I opened the front door, I was shocked to see a body lying on the floor. I immediately called the police.
Thank you very much, Ms. Jones. You’ve been very helpful.
–
Getting out of the taxi, I heard a woman screaming.
When I got out of the taxi, -.
So what kind of impression do you get from the sentence?
It’s very dramatic.
Dramatic is the word. When you use this kind of ing phrase, it prepares the listener something, something definitely is going to happen.
Yeah, and also the way of reading the sentence is different. Getting out of the taxi, I heard a woman screaming.
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detective 刑事、探偵
scream 叫ぶ
frightened 怖がって
–
I’d like to ask you a few questions.
いくつかあなたに質問したいのですが。 I’d (= I would) like toは “（私は）したい」
would likeはwantと意味は同じですが、「欲しい」の生々しさを排した大人の言い回し。
I’ll do my best to answer them.
できるだけ答えられるように努力します。「目的」の不定詞「答えるために」
I was shocked to see a body lying on the floor.
床に人の体が横たわっているのを見てとても驚きました。
「感情の原因」を表す、不定詞 〜見て
If you would like some helpful information, check out the textbook.
–
Getting out of the taxi, I heard a woman screaming.
タクシーを降りたとき、女性の叫び声を聞いたのです。
When I opened the front door, I was shocked to see a body lying on the floor.
玄関のドアを開けると、床に人の体が横たわっているのを見てとても驚きました。
We met some wonderful people while traveling in France.
フランスを旅している間、すばらしい人々に会った。
1). 屋根裏部屋のドアを開けると、大きな毛むくじゃらのクモが私の頭の上にジャンプしてきたので叫んでしまった。 attic, scream, big hairy spider
2). あまりにもたくさん飲んだので、ジャックはトイレに駆け込んだ。
dash to, restroom
farはtoo much（多すぎる）をさらに強調
So, do you think this construction is worth learning?
It’s not necessarily part of ever day conversation. But we often want to tell stories, right?
Yes.
Hey, listen to what happened to me yesterday. And then, this would be a natural way of telling the story, right?
So, it’s a very good story telling skill that will help make your story more colorful.
Having come to the end of the program, the three prepared to say good-bye.
1). Opening the attic door, I screamed as a big hairy spider jumped onto my head.
screamed = cried out
the door of the attic 重い間延びした表現 , the attic door シャープに表現
When I was opening the attic door,
2). Having drunk far too much, Jack dashed to the restroom.
Because Jack had drunk far too much, he -.
Could you give us some more alternatives for dash to?
Sure. You could say, Jack ran to the restroom.
Or you could say, Jack rushed to the restroom.
Or even, Jack hurried to the restroom