Rosa: Thanks for joining us, everyone. Rosa Akino here. Ready to start the lesson? Let's go!
Chris: Hi, everyone. Chris Mcvay here. Are you getting tired? Alright, let's keep up the enthusiasm for yet another lesson.
Lesson 18
DIALOGUE
クリスティンがデービッドの蔵書を見せてもらっている。
Christine: Oh, I like this picture book. It's beautiful.
David: It's one of my favorites. It's a fantasy story about dragons.
Christine: It's very old. When did you get it?
David: My grandmother gave it to me when I was five.
Christine: Did she read the book to you?
David: Yes, she read it to me many times at bed time.
Christine: Oh, how sweet!
[gave it to meとgave me itのニュアンスの違い]
Onishi: Chris, we have "My grandmother gave it to me". Does this sentence have a different nuance from "My grandmother gave me it"?
Chris: Well, I think there is a nuance because if you say "My grandmother gave it to me", "to me" stands out at the end of the sentence and this usually implies some kind of emotion; emotional like "I'm proud of the fact that my grandmother gave it to me".
REAL GRAMMAR FOR COMMUNICATION
[Key sentence}
My grandmother gave it to me when I was five.
Did she read the book to you?
ANOTHER EXPRESSION
I made that cake for your mother. Hands off!
この形で受け手の前につかわれる前置詞はtoまたはfor
I send some money to the Red Cross.
My best friend bought this video game for me.
give「あげる」、tell 「告げる」、send「送る」など
到達点が意識される動詞ではto
make「作ってあげる」、find「見つけてあげる」、buy「買ってあげる」など、
受益者が強く意識される動詞ではfor
GRAMMAR IN ACTION
日本語: カレンがあの写真を見たって?ああ、僕はジェニーに送るつもりだったんだよ!
解答例: Carren saw those photos? Oh, no. I meant to send them to Jenny!
that photoと単数でも可
sent them to Jenny「カレン」ではなく「ジェニー」にと受け手を強調
Onishi: Chris, it happens, right?
Chris: Well, you know, many people might think this is going to cause a romantic problem. But being a British gentleman, when I wrote this example, I wasn’t thinking of that. I was thinking I was organizing a party with Jenny and I send pictures of a restaurant I thought would be a good place to go to. So I didn't want to ruin Carren’s birthday party. It was for a surprise. Don't you believe me?
Rosa: Sure. NOT AT ALL.
Chris: Ohhh!
日本語: 私にこのセーターを編んでくれたの?なんてすてきなプレゼント!ありがとう。
編んでくれたの? knit 編む
解答例: You knitted this sweater for me? What a lovely surprise! Thank you.
まとめ
Onishi: Chris, can you tell us how to distinguish between these two constructions?
Chris: Okay, well, if you look at two examples, "My mother gave me a box of chocolate". Or "My mother gave a box of chocolates to me". The first is just a statement of facts. You know, there's nothing emotion involved. It's a straight fact statement. But if you say "My mother gave a box of chocolates to me", we put "to me" at the end with some kind of emotional nuance which is added. All right? So that's why we keep it separate there at the end.
Rosa: You can definitely feel a big difference in the feeling between the two sentences. Like My mother gave a box of chocolates to me! Versus “My mother gave me a box of chocolate".
Chris: So you're really happy, right?
Rosa: Yes!
Rosa: Hey, everyone, welcome back! It's Rosa Akino.
Chris: Hi, everyone, I'm Chris Mcvay. Let's do our best again to learn some more exciting English.
Lesson 19
DIALOGUE
マヤが、ホテルのロビーから友人のスティーブに電話をする。
Maya: Hello, Steve. It's Maya. I got to L.A. a couple of hours ago. I'm now at the HO hotel.
Steve: Good. Now, about dinner, I've booked a table at your favorite restaurant.
Maya: Wonderful. It's not far from the hotel. I'll walk.
Steve: No. It's getting dark. I have a car, so I'll pick you up. I'll be there in about fifteen minutes.
Maya: Thank you. I can't wait to see you.
Steve: Me too. See you soon.
[got to L.A.とgetting dark: nativeが同じgetの違いを解釈できるわけ]
Onishi: Chris, we have the same verb "get" in these sentences, right?
Chris: Uh-huh.
Onishi: "I got to L.A.", "It's getting dark".
Chris: Right.
Onishi: Then, why do you understand that each "get" is used in different ways with different meanings?
Chris: Well, the point is the pattern dictates the meaning. We see or hear a pattern, and we understand a specific meaning according to those patterns. How do you feel, Rosa?
Rosa: Exactly. Like you said, without understanding a pattern, we will be unable to differentiate between what's being said. It's like a map to the words.
Chris: Mmm, Exactly.
REAL GRAMMAR FOR COMMUNICATION
[Key sentence}
I got to L.A. a couple of hours ago.
It's getting dark.
ANOTHER EXPRESSION
I got to L.A. a couple of hours ago.
It's getting dark.
GRAMMAR IN ACTION
日本語: 僕が送ったファイル届いた?
解答例: Did you get the files I sent you?
日本語: 彼女の英語ははるかに良くなった。
getを説明型で使って「よくなる」としてみる
解答例: Her English got so much better.
日本語: ひどく咳こんでいるね。水を一杯持ってきてあげよう。
咳をする cough: 進行形で使って
水を一杯: a glass of waterを使って
解答例: You are coughing very badly. Let me get you a glass of water.
Onishi: So Chris, what else can you say to express the same thing?
Chris: As "let me get you"? We could say, "I'll get you".
Rosa: You could say, "How about I bring".
Chris: Yeah. Or even "Why don't I bring you a glass of water?"
Rosa: Hmm.
Chris: Various possibilities, right?
let meの代わりに:
will(を使って)I'll get you/I'll bring youという形も可
How about I bring a glass of water.
Why don't I: 軽い提案を表す形
まとめ
Onishi: Chris, so the bottom line is, sentence patterns are so vital we cannot do anything without them, right?
Chris: Exactly. It's almost getting boring because we're repeating the same message, but that's because we really want to emphasize the importance. Yes?
All: Yes!