A solution of baking soda and water can be used

Always keep the level of the electrolyte at the proper level. Add distilled water to raise the electrolyte level. Using other water may add undesirable minerals to the electrolyte, reducing the life of the battery. Add water to a discharged battery only when it is about to be recharged.

A frequent need to add water may indicate that the battery is being overcharged, so the vehicle's charging system should be checked. Maintenance freern873 G70 battery are sealed, resulting in electrolyte levels which can't be adjusted, although there are vents for gases to pass through.

Extreme temperatures are not friendly to storage batteries. Extreme cold will reduce the power available, and will make the battery case brittle and easily broken. Extreme heat will result in electrolyte loss due to evaporation. Batteries should be stored at temperatures between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit and recharged monthly to maintain their charge.

Batteries should be kept clean and dry. Moist accumulations of dirt on a battery may cause it to lose its charge due to current flowing through the moist dirt from one post to the other.

A solution of baking soda and water can be used for cleaning the battery. Use one tablespoon of baking soda per cup of water until completely dissolved. It will neutralize and remove accumulations of acid contaminated soil on the battery and also cleanse the exterior. Do not allow the baking soda water to get in the battery; it is for external cleaning only.

The baking soda solution should be rinsed away with plenty of clean water and then all surfaces dried.

Battery connections should be put together clean and dry. The connecting surfaces should be clean, shiny, and snug fitting, but not so tight that theyhigh quality Mini 210 battery must be forced together by hammering or severe twisting. This may damage the battery.

Treated felt washers are available that can be installed over the battery post before the cable is attached. The washer will reduce corrosion in and around the connection.

A light coating of petroleum jelly or grease can be applied to the exterior of the connections to prevent additional corrosion.

The battery should be held in place with clamps or other restraints. Vibration or bouncing is hard on cable connections, the battery case and internal parts, and will shorten the life of the battery.

The SCiB battery utilizes a new negative-electro

Over the last several years Toshiba has been working on a new battery technology that was called the super-charge ion battery (SCiB). The first replacement dv2000 battery of its kind was shipped

in March of 2008. The SCiB battery is touted as a safe, high-performance, long-life, rechargeable battery for a wide array of solutions. The first time we saw it was at the 2007

Consumer Electronic show where Toshiba was displaying it on an electric bike.

Toshiba announced in November of 2009 that they would be building a second production plant to provide for additional capacity as sales ramp up. Also earlier this year rumors

surfaced that Toshiba is building a new 13 inch netbook that will incorporate the new SCiB battery. The netbook will weigh in at just over 2 pounds.

The key advantages that an SCiB battery has is:

Excellent Safety
Long Life Cycle
Rapidly Rechargeable
High Power
Excellent safety

The SCiB battery utilizes a new negative-electrode material called lithium titanate that offers a high level of thermal stability and a high flash point electrolyte. The

separator is also highly resistant to heat. These features allow for a resistance to internal short circuiting and thermal runaway. This benefit makes the possibility of bursts

or combustion very low.

Long-life cycle

The SCiB battery has capacity loss after 3,000 cycles of rapid charge and discharge is less than 10%. That right after 3000 cycles (lithium ion batteries today taper out after

about 500 cycles). Thus the SCiB battery has an excellent long lifecycle, and is able to repeat the charge-discharge cycle over 3,000 times. This means that the SCiB battery can

be continuously used for more than 10 years with a once-a-day recharge-discharge cycle. A standard lithium ion battery during that same time period will have to be replaced 3-5

times. Imagine a laptop battery lasting 10 years!

Rapidly Rechargeable

One of the neat features is that the SCiB 498482-001 laptop batterycan be recharged to 90% of full capacity in less than ten minutes.

High Power

The SCiB also has a input-output performance equivalent to that of an electric double layer capacitor. This makes the SCiB battery suited to high power applications like

electric automobiles, fork lifts, motorcycles, and wind and solar power generators.

The SCiB battery has some other really neat features like the ability to perform in very low temperature extremes, but what concerns me is the price point for customers and

commercially viable a new device with an SCiB battery will be?

If the device is priced beyond what your everyday consumer would be willing to pay then it will take a long time to be adopted by the marketplace. It is true that new

technologies will change the way people live life but right now when people are so price conscience it just might take a few years before the new SCiB battery will be accepted

universally.

A chemical analysis reveals

If you drove 211 miles north of Las Vegas off the I-95 you would come to a small town called Goldfield, Nevada. It is a very small town whose population counts at the 2000

census was only 440 people. What makes Goldfield very important to the US and the world is its close proximity to Silver Peak Nevada (home of 80 full time residents). Silver

Peak is home to Chemetall Foote Corporation's local lithium mine, the area's largest employer and the only lithium producing mine in the United States.

Chemetalls’s net sales from mining operation are just over $1 Billion. Not too shabby! In August of 2009 Chemetall was awarded $28.4 million in the Federal Recovery and

Reinvestment Act funds to expand and upgrade the production of lithium materials for advanced transportation high quality G71 battery. The funds will be used by Chemetall in part to expand

and upgrade the production of lithium carbonate at the company’s Silver Peak, Nevada, site. Again it should be noted that Chemetall is the only U.S. domestic source of lithium

raw material and the largest global producer of lithium and lithium compounds used in batteries, pharmaceuticals and many other industries. Chemetall is a very important partner

in the U.S., economy due to the fact that over the past 7 years about 2.4 Billion batteries are in use and are utilizing approximately 35 million pounds of battery grade

lithium.

So what is standard battery grade lithium? Standard battery grade lithium is a lithium carbonate manufactured for solid ion conductors and monocrystals used in the electronics

industry. Such carbonate is a source of a raw material for the production of cathode material used in lithium ion batteries (lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide).

In terms of its chemical composition standard battery grade lithium, or Lithium bis-(oxalato)borate – LiBOB. LiBOB is a conductive agent for the use in high performance lithium

(Li) batteries and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries and lithium polymer (Li-po) batteries.

In terms of appearance it is a white and free flowing powder. It’s chemical formula is C4BO8Li. Its molecular weight is 193.79 g/mol. Its density is 0,8 - 1,2 g/ccm (at 20°C).

Its thermal stability is decomposition > 290°C; hygroscopic; decomposes slowly on contact with water. Its solubility is 17 % in propylene carbonate (25°C) about 35 wt.-% in

water; (hydrolysis) goodhigh quality dv5 battery solubility in carbonate mixtures, carboxylic esters, glymes, ketones, and lactones.

A chemical analysis reveals that C4BO8Li is 97.4% assay (a procedure for measuring the molecular structure of an organic sample); 0.03% water; 2.5% insolubles; 10 ppm of

Cyanoacrylate; 10 ppm of Iron; 20 ppm of Sodium; 20 ppm of Chlorine.

So how important is C4BO8Li and is there enough available resource? Current available lithium reserves is estimated at 28,000,000 tonnes. Current worldwide demand is estimated

at 23,000,000 tonnes. So there is enough no and for the foreseeable future as long as mines like the Silver Peak mine in Nevada continues to operate.

High oil prices should be to develop new energy

Concerns about the situation in the Middle East as well as the debt crisis in Europe under the influence of the decline in global oil demand, will be the two main factors that affect future oil prices. International crude oil prices hovering between bear and bull market two extreme possible. Face of high oil prices, on the one hand, we should vigorously develop new and alternative energy sources, at the same time, because there is not an alternative energy source can be a very economical way and improve the technology to replace traditional fossil fuels. Therefore, by reducing the energy price subsidies, promote energy conservation, the inevitable choice to deal with high oil prices.

He Vatican satisfied, Platts Platts oil seminar recently held in the near term, the political risks of the oil-producing countries in the Middle East, especially the Iranian nuclear crisis and other factors, will enable the international crude oil prices remain high and volatile. Deterioration of the situation in Iran, resulting in the Strait of Hormuz is blocked, the industry estimates that crude oil prices even rose to $ 200 per barrel at the meeting. However, the medium term, the impact of the European debt crisis on the global economy global oil demand and the resulting decrease in the international price of oil dropped to below $ 100 a barrel.

He said the Vatican is satisfied that the current problems may arise in addition to Iran's oil supply, the supply of oil in Sudan, Yemen, Syria and other countries have failed to reach the upper limit, Libya's production capacity has not been fully restored, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries spare production capacity has shrunk. Commercial crude oil inventories for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the past seven months continue to lower, and is now below the average level in five years, which caused great pressure on the current oil price.

She also stressed that the short term, the possibility of shrinking global demand for crude oil. Iran, the situation does not deteriorate further, crude oil prices likely to remain at current levels for some time.

She also said that if the future of the U.S. shale gas to achieve large-scale exports will drive natural gas prices fall, will play an important substitution effect on oil.

Other Electronics News:

laptop battery VGP-BPL13 , VGP-BPS8A , VGP-BPS2 , VGP-BPS2B , VGP-BPL21

VGP-BPS22 , VGP-BPS2A ,VGP-BPS13/B ,VGP-BPS9 , VGP-BPS8 , VGP-BPS2C ,

VGP-BPS9/B , VGP-BPS13/B , VGP-BPS13/Q , VGP-BPS13/S , VGP-BPS13A/B ,

Expected, the new energy automotive industry out

Skillfully deflected the question of the Zhongshan Reuters, the injection of 80 million yuan country provinces and cities in three special funds to support, will move to the city tens of billions of new energy automotive industry "cake". The reporter learned from the Municipal Development and Reform Bureau, lithium production as CITIC Guoan Mengguli, Foton new energy commercial vehicle manufacturing, Shaanxi Automobile Group LNG and hybrid vehicle manufacturers, General Motors Group LNG gas engine and a number of new energy vehicles and other key projects put into operation, settled in the city is expected in 2015 will form a new energy commercial vehicles 10000, electric sanitation vehicles 20,000 and an annual output of 2 billion security capacity of the lithium-ion battery, with a total of up to 50 billion yuan and the formation of the motor system - battery system - control system - vehicle manufacturers, "the new energy automotive industry chain.

■ support funds focus on investment and merit-based configuration
New energy vehicles is a major support from the Guangdong Province and emerging industries, the municipal government clearly be the focus of support and development of the industry as the city's strategic emerging industries, and to increase the policy and funding to support efforts. The past two years, the city's new energy automotive industry the country provinces and cities in three special funds to support about 80 million yuan, of which the National Development and Reform Commission of special funds to support 25 million yuan special fund to support 33 million yuan in the provincial Development and Reform Commission, City Development and Reform Bureau 20 million yuan of special funds, other special funds of 5 million yuan. These special funds by focusing on investment and competition, preferred configuration, key support for new energy vehicle demonstration in the city, support leading enterprises R & D and industrialization projects, to give businesses incentives in the early stage of industry nurturing and guidance, and give full play to the leverage of funds, effective in promoting the city's new energy automotive industry innovation capability upgrading and expansion of industrial scale industrial development with remarkable results.

■ the new energy automotive industry chain begun to take shape
Funds to support key to use the blade on the ocean motor as the leading enterprises of the province and the new energy automotive electric drive system, the last two years to get nearly 50 million yuan of special funds for subsidies at all levels, mainly for new energy and power and control systems industry projects, the project began construction in 2009, has formed an annual output of 15,000 sets of production capacity, and in-depth cooperation with Guangzhou Auto, Beijing Auto, Foton, Changan Automobile, Shenzhen Wuzhou Dragon and other manufacturers, cumulative customer more than 5,000 sets of new energy vehicles, electric drive system products, is expected to 2014 completion of the project will reach a production capacity of 30,000 sets.

Power to win technology to launch a new energy vehicle power battery project in 2010, the extension of the new production base, build a battery production and assembly lines, the end of this year, will form an annual output of 200,000 the 50AH monomer lithium production capacity, and participate in the city of corporate sanitation trucks demonstration of the conversion operations. Nearly two years of development, the power to win the Science and Technology Li-ion battery products sell well in Japan, Europe, the United States and other countries and regions, of which Australia has more than 2,000 units of electric postal vehicles using electro-win technology 16AH battery.

Cultivation, through policy guidance and market the city charge management system, charging equipment manufacturers and other upstream and downstream enterprises have begun to take shape, the charge of Zhongshan Hao automation equipment production piles have been involved in the national new energy vehicle demonstration and application pilot city operations; Zhongshan Helprin at the new energy vehicle fast charge equipment in the industry-leading level, is now more than 60 patents, has a power transformer, charging pile, intelligent image control system of electric vehicles, lithium battery management system, etc. across the board.

■ innovative platform to make new breakthroughs
Up to now, the city has approved the formation of the new energy automotive electric drive system at the country local United Engineering Laboratory Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, and to give special funds to support, and the first branches of the China's first electric vehicle engineering laboratory - - Ocean electrically driven laboratory also Ocean Motor was established. Batch engineering laboratory building has greatly enhanced the city's new energy automotive industry R & D level and the capability of independent innovation. The next phase will rely on the city's existing new energy vehicles backbone enterprises, universities and research institutions to carry out the core technology research, to fight on the motor and control systems, battery management systems, lithium batteries and other key product development and industrialization The big breakthrough.

Other Electronics News:

laptop battery , VGP-BPS13S ,VGP-BPS20 , VGP-BPS13B , VGP-BPS9A , VGP-BPL18 ,

VGP-BPL8 , VGP-BPS15 , VGP-BPL12 , VGP-BPS10 , VGP-BPS21, VGP-BPL11 , VGP-BPL2 ,

VGP-BPL20 VGP-BPS13A , VGP-BPS18 , VGP-BPL2C , VGP-BPS12 , VGP-BPS5 , VGP-BPL9 , 

How to calculate the value of the theoretical ca

C = 26.8nm / M, n is the number of electrons, m is the quality of active substances, M is the molecular weight of the active substance

Into the battery, and some at room temperature into some high temperature into these two into the advantages and disadvantages:
The main difference between the thickness of the SEI film and dense, high temperature into the formation of SEI thick but not dense, lithium consumption, room temperature or low temperature the formation of dense thin cut.

Battery formula:
Negative formula: CMS: CMC: SBR: Super-P = 94.5:2.25:2.25:1
Electrolyte: 1M-of LiPF6 the EC / DMC / EMC
Negative design Capacity: 300mAh / g
Cathode design Capacity: 140mAh / g
Charge and discharge system: 1) constant current charging (1C, 4.2V)
2) constant voltage charging (4.2V, 20mA)
3) standing (10min)
4) constant current discharge (1C, 3.0V)
5) standing (10min)
6) cycles (350 weeks)

The dissolution of the polymer in a solvent to follow the three principles (polarity similar principle, the principle of solvation, the cohesive energy density similar principles), the three principles of combining polymer and solvent solubility parameter values, is the polymer good the basis of the solvent. PVDF / NMP was originally a good polymer / solvent with NMP is highly polar solvents and affinity for water well, so can easily absorb moisture, with increasing water content in the NMP, NMP / water mixed solvent solubility parameter, polarity, solvation, ability and so drift, while the corresponding value of PVDF has not changed, the PVDF / NMP binder solution system with the increase of water content, and gradually becomes unstable, the water content reached a certain value, PVDF can be precipitate from the solution, the nature of the solution in the process, including viscosity, bonding properties and will change. Dropwise to the solution of PVDF / NMP water, the local formation of the poor solvent environment will be PVDF precipitation.

And the corresponding formula combining different ingredients technology provides a common formula:
Of LiCoO2: 92% conductive graphite: 2.5% conductive agent: 2.5% of PVDF: 3.0%

80% of the cathode active material, acetylene black and 10% of PVDF10%.
Corporate formula:
Lithium cobalt oxide 94% conductive agent 1% 2% of the conductive agent of PVDF 3%

Negative surface of the SEI film can be roughly considered to be insoluble product of the organic solvent of the electrolyte reduction decomposition of get attached to the electrode surface, the results of different anode materials there will be some difference, but generally considered to be: lithium carbonate, alkyl ester lithium, lithium hydroxide, etc., of course, salt decomposition products, in addition to some of the polymer. Is generally believed that for lithium metal anode in the first lithium intercalation formation of SEI film formation voltage of 1.5V (relative to lithium), 0.8V near the formation of a large number of basically completed to 0.2V or so. In addition, studies have shown that the sequence 5 weeks after the first lithium insertion the main steps for the formation of SEI film, the SEI film formation process, but a very small. In addition, the SEI film is not static, there will be little change in the charge-discharge process, the main part of the organic reversible changes. In addition, the current density, different electrode surface formed by the composition of the SEI film is little difference.

Cathode surface of the SEI film, previously paid little attention to, like attention on the rise. A view that is the result of the deposition of oxidation products in the electrolyte, and Another view is due to partial dissolution of the SEI film of the cathode surface at the cathode surface deposition results. Relatively speaking, the electrolyte in the cathode surface oxide deposition evidence not of course do not rule out the possibility that the instrument accuracy can not be achieved due to low.

Why the negative use of copper foil cathode to use aluminum foil
1, both do the fluid collection is both good conductivity and relatively soft texture (this also may be conducive to bonding), are also relatively common and relatively inexpensive, while both the surface can form a layer of protective oxide film .

2, the copper surface oxide layer is a semiconductor, electronic conduction, oxide layer is too thick, the larger impedance; aluminum surface oxide layer of alumina is an insulator oxide does not conduct electricity, but because of its thin, the electronic conductivity through the tunnel effect. If the oxide layer is thick, aluminum foil conductive differential, and even insulation. Best to the general set of fluid before use after cleaning the surface of, on the one hand, to wash away the oil spill at the same time to remove the thick oxide layer.

3, the cathode potential is high, the thin aluminum oxide layer is very dense, to prevent set fluid oxidation. The copper oxidation layer, in order to prevent oxidation, relatively low potential good, Li difficult under the low potential of lithium intercalation alloys with Cu, but if the copper surface, hydrogen peroxide, in a slightly higher potential Li with oxidation compared to loose some copper occurrence of lithium intercalation hair should be. AL foil can not be used as a negative, low LiAl alloy.

Fluid collection requires ingredients pure. AL ingredients impure will result in the surface film is not dense occurrence of pitting corrosion than the destruction of the surface film causes the generation of LiAl alloy.

The weight of the pole piece, the weight of active substances the baseplates piece (aluminum or copper) weight, the weight of the positive pole piece theoretical design minus the substrate (aluminum density 2.7, copper 8.9) weight, the weight of active substances, multiplied by the weight of active substances 140mAh / g (lithium cobalt oxide), how many mAh capacity, negative capacity of 1.05-1.1 times according to the cathode, the method, the negative 300-330mAh / g, calculate the

Formula:
Lithium-ion battery theoretical capacity = (thickness of -2 * wall thickness) * (-2 width * thickness) * (length -2 * wall thickness) / positive and negative plus the estimates of parameters of the isolation film thickness / cathode design 100 * Tu fabric density parameter * capacity ratio
Of which:

0.0244 is the density of the coating of the cathode design, in fact, almost all
0.45, the positive and negative plus isolation estimates of parameters of the film thickness
140 capacity.
However, according to the previous calculation, the theoretical capacity of 063 048 is only 555 mA (thickness calculated according to 6.3), this capacity can only be set aside Ordnance Disposal.
(6.3-0.35 * 2) * (30-0.35 * 2) * (48-0.35 * 2) / 0.45/100 * 0.0244 * 140 = 555

In general, natural graphite coated negative and irreversible capacity is larger. mcmb a little better, this is the result of the experiment. There is also a film-forming potential of the SEI film is 1.2 ~ 0.8V (vs. Li / Li +), embedded lithium-bit 0.25 ~ 0v, this potential embedded in the lithium is reversible. If we make SEI film formed in the higher potential, it can prevent the further reduction of the solvent, to reduce the irreversible capacity, which is relatively large irreversible capacity of the polarization in the first charge curve, easily dropped to the lithium insertion platform, so the formation the reversible capacity is higher. SEI film a crucial role in the cycling performance of the battery, there is no good SEI film, each cycle has a large irreversible capacity loss, so the battery can usually can be seen from the electrolyte absorbent, or batteries that exist within the crystal water out.

Other Electronics News:

laptop battery ,Toshiba A100 battery , Toshiba A200 battery ,pa3634u-1bas

Toshiba A105 battery ,Toshiba PA3635U-1BRM battery ,Toshiba PA3537U-1BRS battery

Toshiba Satellite A300 battery ,Toshiba Satellite L300 battery

Lithium-ion battery knowledge

Name of the Profile of lithium-ion battery

Is now widely used in lithium-ion battery from the development of lithium batteries. Understanding of the lithium-ion battery, we first introduce the lithium battery.
For example, before the camera with the button battery is a lithium battery. Lithium battery anode material for lithium metal cathode material for carbon materials. In accordance with the customary naming rules, we call this battery is a lithium battery.

Lithium-ion battery cathode materials for lithium cobalt oxide anode material for carbon materials. Embedded in the carbon anode materials in lithium-ion battery through the cathode and moved out of the realization of the battery charge and discharge process, in order to distinguish it from the traditional sense of the lithium battery, known as lithium-ion battery.

Extensive use of lithium-ion battery.

The development of high-tech purpose is to make it better the service of humanity. Lithium-ion batteries since its inception in 1990, with its outstanding performance has been rapid development, and is widely used in society. The incomparable advantages of lithium-ion batteries for other batteries quickly occupied many areas, like the well-known mobile phones, laptop computers, small camera, and more and more countries of the batteries used in military purposes. The application shows that the lithium-ion battery is an ideal small-scale green power.

The main components of lithium-ion battery

(1) the battery cover
(2) are a very ---- active material for lithium cobalt oxide
(3) the diaphragm ---- a special kind of composite film
(4) the negative pole ---- active substances for carbon
(5) organic electrolyte
(6) battery shell

The superior performance of the lithium-ion battery

We often say that the superiority of the lithium-ion battery for the traditional nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni / Cd) and nickel metal hydride batteries (Ni / MH) terms. Then, the lithium-ion battery what was good?
(1) a high voltage
(2) energy
(3) long cycle life
(4) low self discharge rate
(5) No memory effect
(6) non-polluting

The following is a nickel-cadmium, nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion battery performance comparison:

Technical parameters of nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries lithium ion battery

Operating voltage (V) 1.2 1.2 3.6
Weight specific energy (Wh / Kg) 50 65 105-140
Volume ratio of energy (Wh / l) 150 200 300
Charge-discharge life (times) 500 500 1000
Self-discharge rate (% / month) 25-3030-356-9
Whether the memory effect has no
Contamination Nil Nil

(Note: The charge rate of 1C)

Lithium-ion battery works

We already know that lithium-ion battery cathode materials for lithium cobalt oxide cathode is a carbon.

The lithium-ion battery working principle refers to its charging and discharging. When charging the battery, the positive terminal of the battery, lithium-ion generator, generated by lithium-ion movement through the electrolyte to the cathode. As the carbon anode was layered structure, it has a lot of micropores, reach the anode of lithium ion embedded in a porous carbon layer embedded lithium-ion is more, the higher the charge capacity.

Similarly, when the discharge of the battery (ie, we use the process of the battery), lithium-ion embedded in the cathode carbon layer prolapse, but also the movement back to the cathode. Back to the cathode of lithium-ion more higher discharge capacity. We usually refer to the battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity.

Not difficult to see during charging and discharging of the lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion in the positive → negative → positive state of motion. If we put lithium-ion battery Saying for a rocking chair, rocking chair, the two ends of the poles of the battery, lithium-ion like excellent athlete, running back and forth at both ends of the rocking chairs. So, the experts gave a lithium-ion battery is a lovely name rocking chair battery.

The assembly process of the lithium-ion battery

Lithium-ion battery technology is very strict and complex, only a brief introduction of several major processes.

(A) pulp
Dedicated solvents and adhesives, and powder mixed with positive and negative active material,
After high speed stirring well, made from a slurry of positive and negative material.
(2) coating

Made from the pulp evenly coating the surface of the metal foil, drying, respectively, made positive
The negative pole piece.
(3) assembly
Cathode film - divide - negative film - diaphragm top-down order to put away through the winding
Made the battery very core by re-injected into the electrolyte, sealing process is complete electrical
Pool assembly process, finished battery.

(4) into
Dedicated battery charging and discharging equipment on the finished battery charge and discharge test, for each
Only battery testing, screening qualified finished battery, and the factory.

The security features of the lithium-ion battery

The lithium-ion battery has been widely used in people's daily lives, so it's safety performance should definitely be the first assessment indicators of the lithium-ion battery. For lithium-ion battery safety performance assessment indicators, the international community provides for very strict standards, a qualified lithium-ion battery safety performance should meet the following conditions.

(1) short-circuit: no fire, no explosion
(2) Overcharge: No fire, no explosion
(3) hot box test: no fire, no explosion (150 ℃ thermostat 10min)
(4) acupuncture: Explosion (? 3mm nail penetration batteries)
(5) plate impact: No fire, no explosion (10kg heavy weights since 1M height pound battery)
(6) burning: No explosion (gas flame barbecue batteries)

The lithium-ion battery security features is how to achieve?

In order to ensure safe and reliable use of the lithium-ion battery, the experts were very strict, careful design of the battery safety, in order to achieve the battery safety assessment indicators.

(1) divide 135 ℃ Automatic shutdown protection
Adopts the international advanced Celgard2300PE-PP-PE three-tier composite membrane. When the battery temperature reached 120 ° C, the composite membrane on both sides of the PE film hole closed, the battery internal resistance increases, the battery internal warming mitigation, the battery temperature reached 135 ° C, PP film hole closed, the battery internal circuit, the battery is no longer warming, ensure safe and reliable battery.

(2) adding additives to the electro-hydraulic
Overcharge the battery, the battery voltage higher than 4.2v conditions, electro-hydraulic additives and other substances in the electro-hydraulic aggregate increase in battery internal resistance mate, internal battery to form a large area of ??open circuit, the battery is no longer warming.
(3) the battery cover composite structure

The battery cover using the notch explosion-proof structure, when the temperature of the battery, the battery internal activation generated in the process part of the expansion of gases, the battery internal pressure increased, the pressure reaches a certain degree of notch rupture deflated.
(4) a variety of environmental abuse trial

The abuse tests, such as external short circuit, overcharge, acupuncture, flat shock, burning, study the safety performance of the battery. Battery temperature shock test and vibration, drop, shock and other mechanical properties test, the performance of the inspection battery in actual use environment.

The lithium-ion battery is a new green battery.

"Care for the environment, protection of the Earth" is the bounden duty of every one of us. How our environmental philosophy reflected in action?

As a battery consumers should buy, the use of new green battery; as battery manufacturers, and production of new green battery. Only through our joint efforts, to create, protect our beautiful and harmonious natural environment.

The new green battery means in recent years has been put into use or are being developed for a class of high-performance, non-polluting batteries. Has been extensive use of lithium-ion batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and are promoting the use of mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries, as well as being developed by the lithium or lithium ion plastic batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical storage supercapacitor is a new type the scope of the green cells. In addition, has been widely applied use of solar energy photovoltaic conversion of solar cells (also known as photovoltaic power generation), also fall into this category.

Other Electronics News:

laptop battery , PA3672U-1BRS , PA3399U-2BAS , PA3420U-1BRS , PA3450U-1BRS , PA3451U-1BRS ,

PA3634U-1BRS ,PA3399U-1BRS , PA3615U-1BRM , PA3727U-1BRS , PA3535U-1BRS,

PA3465U-1BRS , PA3817U-1BRS , PA3399U-2BRS , PA3534U-1BRS

Basic knowledge of lithium batteries

Portable electronic devices on battery power. With the rapid development of portable products, the amount of various battery greatly increased, and developed many new battery. In addition to the more familiar high-performance alkaline batteries, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride battery, lithium battery developed in recent years. This paper describes the basic knowledge about lithium. This includes its characteristics, main parameters, the significance of the model, the scope of application and use precautions.

Lithium is a metallic element, its chemical symbol is Li (its English name lithium), a silver-white, very soft, lively and chemical properties of metal, the metal is the lightest. It is used in the atomic energy industry, manufacture of special alloys, special glass (on the TV screen glass) and lithium battery. In lithium battery, use it as a battery anode.

The lithium battery can also be divided into two categories: two categories of non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Non-rechargeable batteries as disposable batteries, it can only chemical energy at once converted into electrical energy, electrical energy can not be restored back to the chemical (or restore performance of very poor). The rechargeable battery is known as secondary batteries (also known as a battery). It will change electrical energy into chemical energy stored chemical energy into electrical energy when in use, and then, it is reversible, such as the main features of the electrical energy chemical energy lithium batteries.

Smart portable electronic products require size, light weight, but compared the size and weight of the battery and other electronic components are often the largest and heaviest. For example, "Big Brother" is quite thick, heavy ", today's mobile phones are so lightweight. Which battery improvements played an important role: the past is a nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion battery.

Lithium is characterized by high specific energy. What is the specific energy? Refers to the specific energy is the energy per unit weight or unit volume. Specific energy, Wh / kg or Wh / L to represent. Wh is a unit of energy, W is watts, h is the hour; kg, kg (weight units), L is the liter (volume units). Give an example to illustrate: nickel-cadmium battery rated voltage of 2V to 1 , the capacity of 800mAh, its energy is 0  96Wh (1  2V x 0  8Ah). On the 5th of the same size lithium - manganese dioxide battery rated voltage is 3V, the capacity of 1200mAh, then the energy of 3  6Wh. The volume of the two batteries are the same, then the lithium - manganese dioxide battery specific energy is 375 times the nickel-cadmium batteries!

A nickel-cadmium batteries, weighing about 23g, and a lithium - manganese dioxide battery weighs about 18g. A lithium - manganese dioxide battery 3V, two nickel-cadmium battery only 2  4V. Uses lithium battery a small number (volume reduction of filial piety and reduce the weight of portable electronic products), and long battery life.

In addition, lithium has a stable discharge voltage, wide operating temperature range, low self discharge rate and long storage life, no memory effect and pollution, etc..

The drawback of lithium batteries is expensive, so it is not yet universal application, mainly used in handheld computers, PDAs, communication devices, cameras, satellites, missiles, torpedoes, equipment and so on. With the development of technology, process improvement and increase of production, the price of lithium will continue to decline, the application will be more common.

Non-rechargeable lithium batteries

Non-rechargeable lithium batteries have a variety of commonly used lithium - manganese dioxide batteries, lithium - thionyl chloride batteries, and lithium and other compounds battery. This article describes only the first two most commonly used.

1, lithium - manganese dioxide battery (Li  MnO2)
Lithium - manganese dioxide battery is a lithium anode, manganese dioxide as cathode, and an organic electrolyte disposable batteries. The main characteristics of the battery is the battery voltage and rated voltage of 3V (alkaline batteries); termination of the discharge voltage of 2V; energy (see the examples above); discharge voltage is stable and reliable; have better storage properties (storage time of more than 3 years), low self discharge rate (self-discharge rate ≤ 2%); Operating temperature range -20 ° C ~ +60 ° C

The battery can be made into a different shape to meet different requirements, it has a rectangular, cylindrical and button-shaped (button). Cylindrical different diameter and height dimensions. Here are more familiar with a # (size code D), the main parameters of the 2 # (Size Code C) and # 5 (Size Code AA) batteries.

CR cylindrical lithium - manganese dioxide battery; five figures, the first two said that the diameter of the battery, after three height with a decimal. For example, CR14505, its diameter is 14mm, height is 50  5mm (this model is generic).

Here to point out that the different factories of the same type of battery its parameters may be some differences. In addition, the standard discharge current value is smaller, the actual discharge current can be larger than the standard discharge current, and continuous discharge and pulse discharge allows the discharge current is also different from the battery factory to provide relevant data. For example, the the Lixing power produced CR14505 given maximum continuous discharge current of 1000mA, the maximum pulse discharge current up to 2500mA.

Most camera using the lithium is lithium - manganese dioxide battery. Here the camera lithium - manganese dioxide battery included in Table 2 for reference.

Button (button) batteries are smaller, its diameter is 12  24  5mm height of 1   0mm. Some of the more commonly used button cell is shown in Table 3.

CR is a cylindrical lithium - manganese dioxide battery, the first two in the last four digits of the diameter size of the battery, the latter two with the height of the decimal point. For example, the diameter of the CR1220 12  5 mm (not including the number after the decimal point), its height is 2  0mm. This model representation is internationally accepted.

This button batteries commonly used in clocks, calculators, electronic organizers, cameras, hearing aids, electronic games, IC card, standby power, etc..

Lithium - thionyl chloride batteries (Li  of SOCl2)

Lithium - thionyl chloride batteries is a maximum specific energy can be achieved 500Wh/kg or 1000Wh / L level. Its rated voltage is 3  6V to medium current discharge extremely flat 3  the 4V discharge characteristics (available at a flat 90% capacity within the discharge, to keep small change). The battery can be in the range of -40 ℃ ~ +85 ° C, but about 50% of the room temperature capacity at -40 ° C the capacity. The self-discharge rate of low self discharge rate (≤ 1%), the storage life of more than 10 years.

# 1 (size code D) nickel-cadmium battery # 1 lithium - thionyl chloride batteries than the energy for a comparison: 1 # nickel-cadmium battery rated voltage 2V 1  capacity 5000mAh; 1 # lithium - thionyl chloride of rated voltage capacity of 0.01 6V, 10000mAh, the latter is six times larger than the energy than the former!

Application Notes

The two lithium disposable batteries, non-rechargeable (charge is dangerous!); Can not short-circuit between the battery positive and negative; not be too large current discharge (more than the maximum discharge current discharge); battery to the termination of the discharge voltage from the electronic products removed in a timely manner; a dead battery is not squeezing, burning and demolition; not exceed the specified temperature range.

The lithium battery voltage is higher than ordinary batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries, make no mistake when used to avoid damage to the circuit. Familiar models of the CR, ER can know its type and rated voltage. Buy a new battery, certainly according to the original model to buy, otherwise it will affect the electronic product performance.

Rechargeable lithium batteries

A variety of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium - vanadium oxide batteries, lithium-ion batteries and abroad, the newly developed lithium - polymer battery. Here only on the first two, focusing on lithium-ion battery.

Rechargeable lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used mobile phone batteries, but it is more "delicate" in use can not overcharge, over discharge (may damage the battery or scrapped). Therefore, the protection of components or the protection circuit to prevent costly damage to the battery in the battery.
The lithium-ion battery charge high, to ensure termination of the voltage accuracy within 1%, the major semiconductor devices Factory has developed a variety of lithium-ion battery charging IC, in order to ensure safe, reliable, fast charge.

The phone is very common part of the phone is a nickel-metal hydride battery, but the smart type phone lithium-ion battery. Proper use of lithium-ion battery to extend battery life is very important.

(1) lithium - vanadium oxide battery (Li-V6O13)

Lithium - vanadium oxide battery lithium anode, vanadium oxide cathode, the organic solvent of the inorganic salt composition of the electrolyte. It is characterized by charge. On the 2nd battery, for example, lithium - vanadium oxide battery and lithium - manganese dioxide batteries, and lithium - thionyl chloride batteries as shown in Table 5.

Table 5 shows, as lithium - vanadium oxide battery rated voltage of only 2.8V, and the rated capacity is also small compared with the other two lithium batteries, the specific energy is the smallest. Of these cylindrical cells, the main parameters shown in Table 6. From Table 6 we can see, the number of charge cycles (cycle life) is not long, so this rechargeable battery instead of lithium-ion battery.

(2) lithium-ion battery (Li-Ion)

Lithium ion batteries are currently the most widely used lithium batteries, according to the requirements of different electronic products can be made into a flat rectangular, cylindrical, rectangular and button, and by several batteries in series with the battery pack consisting of.

Lithium-ion battery rated voltage of 3.6V (some of 3.7V). Terminate the charging voltage when fully charged battery anode material: anode material is graphite 4.2V; anode material for coke 4.1V. The internal resistance of the anode material, coke anode of the internal resistance of slightly larger, the discharge curve is also slightly different, shown in Figure 1. Commonly referred to as a 4.1V lithium-ion battery 4.2V lithium-ion battery. Termination of lithium-ion battery discharge voltage of 2.5V to 2.75V (battery factory given operating voltage range or given to terminate the discharge voltage of each parameter is slightly different). Lower than the termination of the discharge voltage to continue to discharge called over-discharge, over-discharge the battery will be damage.

The lithium-ion batteries are not suitable for high current discharge is too large current discharge will reduce the discharge time (internal temperature will result in higher loss of energy). Battery manufacturing plant gives the maximum discharge current, in use should be less than the maximum discharge current.

The lithium-ion battery temperature, the factory gives the charging temperature range, the discharge temperature range Storage temperature range.

Lithium-ion battery charging requirements are high, it requires a sophisticated charging circuit to ensure the safety of Charging. Termination of the rated charge voltage accuracy tolerance is ± 1% of (for example, rechargeable 4.2V lithium ion battery, the tolerance is ± 0.042V), over-voltage charging lithium-ion battery can cause permanent damage. Lithium-ion battery charging current should be based on the recommendations of the battery manufacturing plant, and requires current limiting circuit in order to avoid over-current (overheating). Commonly charge rate of 0.25C ~ 1C (C is the capacity of the battery, such as C = 800mAh, 1C charge rate, charge current is 800mA). Often detected in the high current charging the battery temperature to prevent overheating damage the battery or an explosion.

Other Electronis News:

laptop battery , AS10B31 , UM09H36 , AS07B72 , AS10B31 , AS10D61 , UM09A31 , UM09A41 , UM09A75

AL10D56 , AS10D41 , AS10D75 , AL10C31 , AS10D51 , AL10B31 , AL10A31 , UM09H31 , AS09D70

AS10D31 , BATBL50L6