Hydraulic drive is an early elevator drive method. The transmission medium of the early hydraulic elevators was water. The incompressibility of water was used to increase the pressure of the water through pressurization, and the water with a certain pressure was connected to the cylinder to push the plunger in the cylinder to lift the car. The car runs upward; the drain valve opens the drain, and the car descends under its own weight. But because the water pressure contains bubbles, it will produce fluctuations and the cylinder body rust problem is difficult to solve, and then use oil as a medium to drive the plunger to move in a straight line. Due to the large lifting force of the hydraulic elevator, higher mechanical efficiency and lower energy consumption, the advantages of use are particularly obvious for short strokes and heavy loads. In addition, because hydraulic elevators do not need to have a machine room on the roof, the vertical size of the hoistway is reduced, and the building space is effectively used, so the application prospect of hydraulic elevators is broader. Nowadays, hydraulic elevators are widely used in parking lots, factories and low-rise buildings. For occasions with large load, slow speed and short stroke, it is more economical and more suitable to use hydraulic elevator than towing elevator
The operation of hydraulic elevator is divided into up and down. When the elevator goes down, open the valve group and use the pressure difference caused by the weight of the car [passenger (cargo) weight] to return the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic oil tank to realize the downward movement of the elevator. At this time, the hydraulic pump station does not consume power, and the car The downward speed is controlled by the opening of the valve group in the hydraulic system.
When the elevator goes up, the hydraulic pump station provides the power pressure difference required for the elevator to go up. The valve group in the hydraulic system controls the flow of hydraulic oil in the pump. When the hydraulic oil enters the oil cavity in the cylinder, the hydraulic oil pushes the plunger in the hydraulic cylinder To lift the car to realize the upward movement of the elevator, the work consumed by the hydraulic pump at this time is the actual work.
The hydraulic system of a hydraulic elevator mainly includes hydraulic pumps (called power elements), cylinders, hydraulic motors (called actuators), various valves (called control elements), and connecting pipes and joints, etc.
The hydraulic elevator is a high-tech system integrating mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. It can be divided into multiple relatively independent, but coordinated and coordinated subsystems.
(1) Pumping station system
The pumping station system is composed of hydraulic pumps, motors, oil tanks and auxiliary components. Its function is to provide a stable power source for hydraulic cylinders and store oil.
(2) Hydraulic control system
The hydraulic control system is composed of a one-way valve, integrated valve block, hydraulic system control circuit, etc. Its function is to control the running speed of the elevator, receive input signals and manipulate the start, run, and stop of the elevator.
(3) Hydraulic cylinder and supporting system
The function of the hydraulic cylinder and the supporting system is to directly drive the movement of the car.
(1) Hydraulic cylinder: converts the pressure energy output by the hydraulic system into mechanical energy, and drives the movement of the car through the mechanical movement of the plunger.
(2) Support system: According to the different support methods, the supporting mechanical parts are very different.
(4) Guiding system
The guiding system is composed of guide shoes, guide rails and guide rail brackets. Its function is to limit the freedom of movement of the car so that the car can only move up and down along the guide rail.
(5) Car
The car is composed of a car frame and a car body, and its function is to directly transport passengers (or goods).
(6) Door system
The door system consists of car doors, landing doors, door openers, door lock devices, etc. Its function is to control the opening or closing of the landing entrance and the car entrance according to the instructions of the electrical control system.
(7) Electrical control system
The electrical control system is composed of a control cabinet, a position display device, and a manipulation device. Its function is to control the operation of the elevator, coordinate the work of various components, and display the operation of the elevator.
(8) Safety protection system
The safety protection system is composed of safety gear, speed limiter, buffer, end station protection device, etc. Its function is to ensure the safe and normal operation of the elevator and prevent accidents.
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