No less interesting vacation spot is Sergeevka - a city-type settlement, which is located not far from Zatoka. Sergeyevka itself is located on the coast of the Budak estuary. The passenger boat goes regularly to the sea. Distance from the coast of Sergeevka to the Black Sea coast is 2 km. To the sea you can go and walk on the bridge, which connects the estuary and the sea half of the coast. Sergeevka (Ukr Sergiyivka) is a city-type settlement in the Belgorod-Dnistrovsky district of the Odessa region of Ukraine. The population is 5,2 thousand people. On the territory of Sergeevka there is a large climatic health resort. In the complex treatment of internal diseases, mineral water is used at the resort. Well # 2 water refers to chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium waters and resembles the famous mineral waters "Kuyalnik" 4 and 5 or "Hot Key" source No. 58, well # 2 resort Saki. The water of the well 5M has a small mineralization and is an analog of the known mineral waters of the Mirgorod type. Of great importance for the resort of Sergeevka are large reserves of high-quality (without admixture) therapeutic silt mud. Silt mud Budakskogo estuary - a black, sometimes dark gray mass with the smell of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, sticky, plastic, which has a large heat capacity and low thermal conductivity. In addition to the organic "skeleton" of mud, it includes a so-called colloidal complex, consisting of the smallest particles of iron, aluminum, humus, etc. The colloidal state of these substances causes high plasticity of the mud. The specific gravity of the mud of the Shabolat estuary is from 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm3. The mud is alkaline, its pH is 8.2. The first mention of Shabolat-Sergeevka, which included 15 courtyards, dates back to 1889. The Shabolat-Sergeevka tract was located in the southeastern part of the present resort territory, in the subsidiary farming area and the boiler room, and extended to the territory of the "Medik-1" health camp. There lived 40 families in it, and a man of 109 people. The first mud baths on the shore of Shabolatsky Estuary (Budaka Lake) was built in Budaki (now Primorskoye) in 1895. In 1959, mineral drinking water was discovered (well No. 2 of the Kuyalnik No. 4 type). After experimental studies FP Ambrosom (Chisinau Medical Institute) was recommended for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the stomach. According to its physical and chemical properties, the mud of the Shabolat estuary not only does not concede, but surpasses the therapeutic mud of other resorts in many respects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeevka_ (Odessa region) Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
Now from the pure and unique Karelian forest, let's go ... to the mountains! We are moving 2000 km to the south! On the Caucasus Mountains! It's also a wonderful place on our planet. And we will visit the highest mountain in the Caucasus and in the whole Europe - Elbrus! The height of one of the Elbrus peaks is 5463 meters. The second peak has a height of 42 meters lower - 5621 meters. For those who do not know - I recall: Elbrus is a mountain that consists of two nearby standing peaks, separated by a high-altitude plateau. Traditionally, all ascents are made to a higher peak, although professionals do ascents to another, lower peak. Elbrus is located near the high-altitude village of Terskol, which is located in Kabardino-Balkaria. From Terskol to a height of 3800 meters to the higher peak of Elbrus, there is a cable car with two intermediate stations. The road starts on Polyana Azau, next to Terskol. At an altitude of 3800 meters, the cable car ends. Without special equipment in the summer, you can go up to an altitude of 4000 meters. Further climb to the top already requires special equipment and good climbing training. If in Terskol in the summer on a hot day the temperature warms to 30 degrees, then at an altitude of 3800 meters, where the cableway ends, the temperature is only about 8 degrees. At an altitude of 4000 meters - the limit, which can be achieved without special equipment - about 6 degrees of heat. And on the top of Elbrus - 10 degrees below zero! At an altitude of 4000 meters, a beautiful view of the Great Caucasus Range opens up. And a wonderful view of Georgia! Elbrus peaks are located 30 km from the Georgian border. And even from an altitude of 4000 km, you can see the peaks of the Caucasus Mountains, located on the territory of Georgia. At an altitude of 4000 meters, the lighter does not light up! Only matches. All attempts to light a cigarette from a cigarette lighter led to nothing - sparse air. A match - it was possible! Beautiful place! Like Karelia, Elbrus is one of those places, whose visit will be remembered for life! Elbrus (Kabard-Cherkassy Iuashchyemahue, Karachi-Mingi Tau) - stratovolcano in the Caucasus (5,642 meters above sea level) is the highest mountain peak in Russia and Europe (with the border of Europe and Asia running along the Main Caucasian Range or to the south) , included in the list of the highest peaks of the planet "Seven Peaks". Meltwater of glaciers, flowing from its slopes, feeds one of the largest rivers of the North Caucasus: Kuban, Malku and Baksan. Due to the well-developed transport and related infrastructure, Elbrus and adjacent areas are very popular in recreational, sports, tourist and climbing areas. On the saddle of Elbrus (5416 m), which separates it from the East (5621 m) and the Western (5642 m) peaks, the highest mountain shelter in Europe is located. Elbrus is located in the Lateral Ridge of the Greater Caucasus 10 kilometers to the north of the Main Caucasian Range on the border of the Republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachaevo-Circassia and is a mountain massif of volcanic origin with a base diameter of 15 kilometers and brightly expressed East (5621 m) and Western peaks (5642 m), separated by an extensive flat saddle (Sedlovina Elbrus pass, 5416 m). The distance between the peaks is 1500 meters. The absolute height of the socle is 3200-3800 meters. The average steepness of the slopes is 35 °. For the first time the height of Elbrus was determined in 1813 by Academician VK Vishnevsky and, according to his estimate, was 5421 m. The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was accomplished within the framework of a scientific expedition organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences on the proposal and under the overall supervision of the chief of the Caucasus fortified line, General Georgiy Arsen'evich Emmanuel, in which prominent scientists of the nineteenth century, Professor Adolph Kupfer, the founder of the Main Geophysical Observatory Petersburg, the physicist Aemilius Lents, the zoologist Eduard Minetriye - the founder of the Russian entomological society, the botanist Karl Meyer (later became aka emikom and director of the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences), the artist-architect Joseph (Giuseppe Marco) Bernardazzi (who made the first picture of Mount Elbrus), the Hungarian traveler Janos Besse. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
Imagine that on earth only good reigns. And wherever we go, we are all well. Karelia is just such a place on the planet. It is equally good to have a rest both in summer and in winter. And the nature here is pristine! And very beautiful! When I visited St. Petersburg 4 years ago, without thinking, I took a train and toss north again for another 200 km to the forgotten corner of God - Hiytola Station, which is located in the south of Karelia, only 20 km from the border with Finland. It was very difficult to get to the station - border control everywhere. But everything turned out perfectly - I was allowed a date with Karelian nature! Let's make a video journey through the unique Karelian forest, the Linnauvuori rock and the Karelian lake of Ravattalanlampi with the purest water that are located near the station of Hiytola and walk around the village and the station itself before leaving back! Those who have been there once in a lifetime will always remember that! It is untouched by a natural natural nature of nature, exactly the one that was many thousands of years ago. In Hiytola very fresh pine air and clear water! And a lot of mushrooms, berries, and ... fish! Hiytola is the gate to the north. Then, after 400 km - the Arctic Circle. There is already felt the breath of the north. Here the white nights are even lighter than in St. Petersburg, because the station is located far north of the city on the Neva. Several photographs were taken at midnight. And almost no difference with the daytime. Hiytola (old Russian - Gitola, finnish Hiitola) is a settlement in the Lahdenpohsky district of the Republic of Karelia, the administrative center of the Hiitol rural settlement. The village is located in the northern Ladoga area on the banks of the Kokkolanjoki River and Lake Raivattalanlampi. Across the village is the A129 highway to Petrozavodsk and the road to Tonan, Kuyansuo, Ilm and Rintala branches off. Here, at the railway station of the same name, two railways connect: Vyborg - Joensuu and St. Petersburg - Hiytola. For the first time the village of Gitola is mentioned in 1471 in the list of lands belonging to the Polish king Casimir IV. Prior to the conclusion of the Stolbovsk Peace Treaty, the territory belonged to the Tiurul Pogost of the Karelian half of the Vodskaya Pyatina, and from 1617 it withdrew to Sweden. And here there was an Orthodox parish and an Orthodox church nearby - in Tiurula. This was because in Tiurula were the lands of the Orthodox boyar Rodion Lukyanovich Lobanov, who joined the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf. According to the results of the Northern War in 1721, according to the Nystadt Peace Treaty, Sweden returned this territory of the Russian Empire. Until 1917, as part of the Vyborg Gubernia, then, following the results of the Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920, the settlement left Russia and, prior to the Moscow Peace Treaty of March 12, 1940, the Hiitola settlement (Finnish Hiitola) was part of Finland. Since 1940, a settlement in the USSR, then the Russian Federation. The main natural attractions of the surroundings of Hiytola are the Linnauvuori cliff, the virgin taiga forest and Lake Raivattalanlampi with very clean water.
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Khiytola
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I invite everyone to make a video tour of the resort Zatoka! One of the most popular holiday destinations on the Black Sea. Zatoka (Ukr. Zatoka) is a city-type settlement in the Belgorod-Dnestrovsky district of the Odessa region of Ukraine. Located on the Budak spit, between the Dniester estuary and the Black Sea, the Bugaz port. J.-D. station (Bugaz) on the line Odessa - Izmail. The population is 1.6 thousand people. Settlement Zatoka was founded in 1827, due to the establishment of a navigation sign (lighthouse) on the Tsaregrad garrison. In 1850, the directorate of the Black Sea lighthouses decided to appropriate the "Dniester-Tsaregradsky" sign from September 21, 1851, the status of a lighthouse led by a pilot and a crew of 6 sailors. In 1877 the lighthouse was reconstructed. Instead of a wooden structure, a tower 16 meters high was built, with a lamp room, in which a Fresnel lens with a gas-fired unit was installed. In 1945, a new school was opened at No. 3 in Plavneva Street. In 1953, the Zatokskaya Elementary School was located in the barracks that remained after the bridge builders. On December 5, 1955, a railway bridge was built. The presence of a quartz sandy beach with a width of 50 to 150 meters and a length of 17.5 km made Zatoka one of the popular holiday destinations for residents of Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Belarus. Also in Zatoka you can use the services of renting water equipment and attractions on the water. Since 2015, Zatoka hosts the Z-Games sports and music festival. In 2017, the Zatoka Aquapark was opened in the Liman district of the Zatoka resort. For the popularization of the resort Zatoka Internet resources are working moreleto.com.ua moreleto.by A network of mobile operators MTS, Kyivstar, Intertelecom is provided throughout the resort village. In some places there is a radio coverage of Moldovan cellular operators Orange and Moldcell. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatoka Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
And, for comparison, we return back to the city of white nights! And we will do exactly such a tour around the port of St. Petersburg! And we will visit the city beach on the shore of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, which is located in the city near a densely populated sleeping area. The Baltic Sea (the Gulf of Finland) near the city on the Neva is not as affectionate as the Black Sea, and the water in it is much cooler. Nevertheless, the city beach of St. Petersburg is located in a picturesque place. Water in the sea around the city warms up to 20 degrees in summer, so you can swim and even there! I did so when I visited the beach. I bought it in the Baltic Sea. And luxuriated on the golden sand of a wonderful beach. The waters of the Baltic Sea are almost not salty - after all, just a few kilometers away is the mouth of the Neva, which flows from the freshwater Lake Ladoga. The seaport of St. Petersburg consists of the Grand Port of St. Petersburg and the Passenger Port of St. Petersburg. It is one of the largest ports of Russia on the Baltic Sea. Serviced by the railway stations of Avtovo and the New Port of the October Railway. The port of St. Petersburg is connected to the sea by the Sea Canal, 27 miles long, and is open to ships all year round. On the western tip of Vasilievsky Island there is a passenger sea station. The "Big Port of St. Petersburg" is the largest seaport in the North-West of Russia. The area of the port water area is 164.6 km2, the length of the berthing line is 31 km [2]. For 2011, the state enterprise The Federal State Institution "The Administration of the Seaport Big Port of St. Petersburg" ensures the organization of merchant shipping in the seaport of St. Petersburg and beyond in the designated areas of responsibility of the Russian Federation. The port of St. Petersburg is located on the islands of the Neva delta, in the Neva Bay in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The large port of St. Petersburg includes berths of the sea trade, forestry, fishing and river ports, the oil terminal, shipbuilding, ship repair and other plants, the sea passenger station, the river passenger port, as well as the piers of Kronstadt, Lomonosov, the port stations Gorskaya, Bronka. To them leads a branched system of channels and fairways. The sea trading port includes about 200 berths with depths up to 11.9 m. The territorial sea port is divided into four regions. The container terminal includes berths No. 82-87, both container carriers and Ro-Ro vessels are accepted for handling. The large port of St. Petersburg includes raids: the East, the Baroque, the Passenger, the Forest Mole raid, the Coal Harbor, the Vasileostrovsky cargo port, the quays in Kronstadt and the berths in Lomonosov. The port of St. Petersburg reloads oil products, metals, timber cargo, containers, coal, ore, chemical cargo, scrap metal. Sea terminal is a berth complex in St. Petersburg, opened in 1982 specifically for receiving and handling cruise and ferry cargo and passenger vessels. The station is located on the western tip of Vasilievsky Island, at the address: Marine Glory Square, Building 1. The complex includes five berths, a place for border and customs screening, a restaurant, a hotel and a conference complex. By its technical capabilities, the Morskoy Vokzal complex is able to receive up to 1 million passengers arriving by sea. But due to the features of the sea canal that was built at the end of the XIX century, leading to the port, ships with a length of more than 200 m can not approach the berths of the Maritime Station. Cruise and ferry boats are accepted at the berths of the new Marine Passenger Port. Links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morskoy_port_Saint-Petersburg https://en.wikipedia.org/Bolshoy_port_Saint-Petersburg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morskoy_vokazal_(Saint-Petersburg) Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
We return back to 1500 km to the south! And we will take a walk along the Odessa port, take a boat on the gentle Black Sea and, of course, visit the central beach of Odessa - Langeron! Odessa Sea Port is a large commercial port of international importance, located on the north-west coast of the Black Sea, in the south-western part of the Odessa Gulf. It has one of the largest passenger terminals in Europe. It is recognized as the basic cruise port of Ukraine. The third in terms of cargo turnover on the Black Sea. The largest port of Ukraine in terms of cargo turnover. The construction of the port began in 1794. By 1905, the port mostly acquired its modern outlines. In the Russian Empire was the second in terms of cargo turnover after St. Petersburg. The largest cargo turnover in independent Ukraine was in 2002 - 13.2 million tons of dry cargo and 20.4 liquid cargo. It includes Cabotage, Quarantine, Practical (it's Watermelon), Coal (it's Military), New, Oil and other harbors. In the summer of 1793 the founder of Odessa, Joseph De Ribas, was appointed head of the construction of the fortress Hadzhibey and a new port next to it. The Russian government attached great importance to the export of Novorossia and Ukraine's products abroad by sea through the Black Sea, for which the port was laid. Since 1801, Odessa has gradually become the center of trade of the Northern Black Sea Coast and the main port of Russia after St. Petersburg. Constant guests of the port were merchant ships from all over the Mediterranean - French, Italian, Greek, Turkish, Austrian. In the same year, the first Banking Trade House opened in Odessa. The new governor Mikhail Vorontsov has given special impetus to the construction of the port. According to the general plan for the construction of Odessa in 1828 for the construction work on the estimate of the engineer-hydraulic engineering of Fander-Flissa in the port, there was exactly "1,685,960 rubles. and 69 and a half kopecks. " Count Vorontsov left Odessa in 1845. In 1841 Nikolayevsky boulevard connects with the port the Giant Staircase (now Potemkin Stairs) in two hundred granite steps worth 800 thousand rubles. During the bombing in the Crimean War on April 10, 1854, a coast battery of four guns under the command of the young ensign Alexander Schegolev, having shown extraordinary courage, managed to repel an attack by an entire Anglo-French squadron. In 1895-1902, from the Nikolaevsky boulevard along the Giant Staircase, a funicular was designed and built in the port. During the Second World War, the defense of the encircled Odessa lasted 73 days. The port facilitated the delivery of replenishment to the defenders of the city, their supply of ammunition, military equipment and fuel. Through the port people were evacuated, wounded, equipment factories. It was the supply of the sea that made possible such a long and successful defense in the encirclement. By decision of the command, Odessa was organized abandoned. All land military units were transferred to Sevastopol. The transfer was made by sea, and passed without loss. All military units sank on ships in the Odessa port, at night. The port suffered considerable destruction during the Romanian and German occupation. Immediately after the end of hostilities in the city, work began on the demining of the port, in which the Germans mined all 43 berths, all moles and breakwaters, as well as other facilities. Less than six months later, at the beginning of October 1944, thanks to the dedicated work of the Odessa citizens, the port had already received and unloaded the first ships. In 1945 the port reached half the turnover of the pre-war 1940, in 1946 it surpassed it. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessky_port Who cares - subscribe to an interesting channel! https://www.youtube.com/user/zzz82166able
And now ... we will transfer to one and a half thousand kilometers to the north and visit the "Northern Palmyra" - the city of St. Petersburg! St. Petersburg ... Petersburg. The city of Petra. Peter. Leningrad. Petrograd. In different years this city had different names. And whatever would be the current political situation and whatever the relations between the countries, history should be remembered. This city is rightly considered a city-museum. The unofficial names of St. Petersburg are a few: "Northern Palmyra", "White Nights City", "Northern Venice" (for the similarity of the numerous canals of the Neva and canals in Venice, the "Northern Capital" (I recall that St. Peter the Great acquired status the capital of the Russian Empire in 1712 and parted with it only in 1918, when by the decree of Lenin, the capital of Soviet Russia was transferred to Moscow). St. Petersburg translates as "the city of St. Peter". It was Peter the Great who founded the new city in the mouth of the Neva River in 1703. At the site of today's Petersburg were impenetrable swamps and forests. The whole of Petersburg is actually built on a swamp. The city was built by workers from all corners of the empire. Petersburg Peter founded as a fortress and a fort to protect the mouth of the Neva from the Swedes. The Peter and Paul Fortress is the place where St. Petersburg began. Immediately after the foundation of the city, a ship harbor was built, and in the future a shipyard. In St. Petersburg, ships began to anchor from all over Europe with various overseas goods. Quite quickly, the new city began to grow, new people came to settle here, trade and production developed. In 2 centuries, St. Petersburg from a small fort on the Hare Island in the mouth of the Neva turned into a city in which more than a million people lived. Before the fall of Russian tsardom in Petersburg lived 1 million 300 thousand people! In St. Petersburg for two centuries of the Romanov dynasty, there were chic palaces and parks, equipped with embankments. In 1914, the city was renamed Petrograd, and after the death of V.I. Lenin - to Leningrad St. Petersburg - the only city in the world with a population of more than 5 million people, which is located at a parallel 60 degrees north latitude. The capital of Norway, the city of Oslo and the capital of Finland, the city of Helsinki, can form a certain competition to the city. Both these cities are almost on the same latitude as St. Petersburg (Oslo practically at one latitude and Helsinki is 20 km to the north), but the population in Oslo and Helsinki is much smaller than in St. Petersburg) St. Petersburg is located on the Neva River. The Neva itself flows into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The western part of the city is also located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Petersburg is also a huge sea port and a large marine passenger terminal. From the end of May to the middle of July in the street, you can read the newspaper all night long - "white nights" come. The sky just does not get dark. During this period, the city is particularly busy with tourists. In St. Petersburg, thousands of attractions, many museums, churches, restaurants and entertainment. The main attractions of the city on the Neva are the Winter Palace with the Hermitage Museum inside, Palace Square, the Admiralty, the Summer Palace of Peter the Great, the Field of Mars, Peterhof Palace, Nevsky Prospekt, Kunstkamera, Isakievsky Cathedral, Peter and Paul Fortress, Kazan Cathedral, Gostiny Dvor. Separate attention deserves the Vasilievsky Island and the Petrograd side - the historical districts of modern St. Petersburg. A walk along the numerous embankments of the Neva canals, especially the Fontanka during the white nights - it's a fairy tale! St. Petersburg is one of the few cities in the world that was not occupied during the hostilities in different years. During the First World War, the advancing German Kaiser troops and the troops of the White Guard General Yudenich were not able to seize and occupy Petrograd. St. Petersburg is the city from which the October Revolution of 1917 began. Hitler's generals in the autumn of 1941 took Leningrad into a blockade, after it became clear that he would not be able to seize it from the start. More than 900 days Leningrad was in blockade. Over the years of the blockade almost half of the population died of hunger, cold and disease. After the war, Leningrad was restored. And in 1991, shortly before the collapse of the USSR, the city was returned to its historical name - St. Petersburg. This city deserves to spend a week there! Maybe more! This is the largest city that met us during our trip. St. Petersburg (from 18 [31] August 1914 until January 26, 1924 - Petrograd, from January 26, 1924 to September 6, 1991 - Leningrad) - the second largest city in Russia. The city of federal significance. Administrative center of the North-West Federal District and the Leningrad Region. It was founded on 16 (27) May 1703 by Peter I. In 1712-1917 - the capital of the Russian Empire. The city is named after St. Peter - the heavenly patron of the founding king, but eventually became more and more associated with the name of Peter I. Located in the north-west of the Russian Federation, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland and at the mouth of the Neva River. The city was the center of three revolutions: 1905-1907, February and October revolutions of 1917. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 the city of 872 days was in blockade, as a result of which more than 2 million people were killed. On May 1, 1945, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Leningrad was declared the Hero City. The population is 5,280,000 people. St. Petersburg - the most important economic, scientific and cultural center of Russia, a major transport hub. The historical center of St. Petersburg and its associated monuments are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List; this is one of the most important tourism centers in the country. Among the most significant cultural and tourist sites are the Hermitage, the Kunstkamera, the Mariinsky Theater, the Russian National Library, the Russian Museum, the Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Isaac's Cathedral, Nevsky Prospekt. As a result of the Northern War of 1700-1721 the valley of the Neva River was conquered from Sweden and became part of the Russian Empire (according to the Nystadt Peace Treaty of August 30 (September 10), 1721). On May 16 (27), 1703, the city of St. Petersburg was laid in the mouth of the Neva near Nien. This day is dated the laying by Peter the Great of Peter and Paul Fortress - the first building of the city - on the Hare Island. The new fortress with guns fire had to cover the fairways of the two largest branches of the river delta - the Neva and the Bolshaya Nevka. In the first ten years of the city's existence, the main part was the City Island (modern Petrograd Island), there were the Gostiny Dvor, the Trinity Church, many office buildings, handicraft settlements and military units. The first industrial enterprise of the city was the Admiralty Shipyard, opened in 1705 on the Admiralty side (left bank of the Neva), where later the Galernaya shipyard, Peter the Great's Winter Palace and the Summer Palace of Peter I with the Summer Garden were built. Since 1712 the city was proclaimed the capital of Russia, and since 1713 all persons serving the royal court had to settle in St. Petersburg, the government Senate moved here. By decree of Peter the Great on January 16, 1712, engineering and artillery schools were created in St. Petersburg. In 1712, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of the General Plan of St. Petersburg. It was from this time that the Vasilyevsky Island began actively to be built up, which was to become the center of the city, and the Vyborg side, the construction of the suburban palaces of Peterhof, Ekateringhof, Oranienbaum is unfolding. By 1725 the Smolny court, Foundry yard, water saw mills, brick, wax, gunpowder, weapon, trellis, tanneries and other factories, food enterprises were built, in 1724 it was transferred from Moscow to the Mint. An important event is the construction of the first railway in 1836 between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo. August 18, 1851 from St. Petersburg to Moscow left the first train, soon the communication between the two cities became regular. In 1837 the Tsarskoye Selo station was built, in the 1850s - the Nikolaevsky, Varshavsky, Baltiyskiy railway stations, and in 1870 - the Finland railway station. The First World War greatly influenced the fate of St. Petersburg. In August 1914, on the wave of anti-German sentiments, the city was renamed Petrograd. By 1917, there were supply problems, queues became a common occurrence. The disturbances of February 23-27, 1917 in the city and other events of the February revolution culminated in the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the formation of the Provisional Government. October 25 (November 7), 1917 during the armed uprising, power in the city passes into the hands of the Bolsheviks, and the Russian Soviet Republic with its capital in Petrograd is being created. During the Civil War, because of the proximity of the anti-Bolshevik armies, Lenin's government moves to Moscow, Petrograd is deprived of the capital status (March 5, 1918), which passes to Moscow. On January 26, 1924, after the death of Lenin, Petrograd was renamed the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) into Leningrad. Heroism and perseverance of the Leningraders were manifested during the Great Patriotic War. September 8, 1941 the enemy came to Ladoga Lake, captured Shlisselburg, taking control of the source of the Neva, and blocked Leningrad from the land. This day is considered to be the beginning of the blockade of the city by the troops of Hitlerite Germany from the south and Finland from the north. Almost 900 days and nights in the conditions of a complete blockade of the city, residents not only retained the city, but also rendered immense help to the front. Over the years of the blockade, according to various sources, from 650 thousand to 2 million people of the civilian population perished. As a result of the counteroffensive of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts on January 18, 1943, the blockade ring was breached, but only on January 27, 1944, the blockade of the city was completely removed. After the lifting of the blockade, only 560 thousand people remained in Leningrad. In 1991, according to the results of the referendum, 54% of the Leningraders supported the return of the historical name of the city of St. Petersburg. September 6, 1991 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR it was returned.
It's not for nothing that Odessa is often called the "Southern Palmyra" (by analogy with "Northern Palmira", Russian St. Petersburg)! If you take a walk for a long time and walk around the center of Odessa, you can notice a lot of similar - and trams in the center, and old high buildings with arches and gateways in the city of Petra, and many wonderful parks and trees, and the city stands on the seashore and has port. But in one case, Odessa took an undisputed superiority over St. Petersburg - its main central street - Deribasovskaya - pedestrian! In contrast to Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg, which round the clock drive cars in four rows in each direction. There is no such noise on Deribasovskaya. Here, everyone walks leisurely and enjoys the beautiful southern city by the warm Black Sea. But ... there is something Odessa lacks. In Odessa there is no river and canals, like the Neva in St. Petersburg and its canals. But this is an insignificant drawback. Odessa has something to brag about before other cities. There are many sights. The theater begins with a hanger, as they say, and Odessa - from the street Deribasovskaya. And a lot of other attractions Odessa Opera House - the most beautiful building, in beauty not inferior to the Lviv theater, Potemkin staircase, the famous Odessky bazaar - Privoz, Vorontsov Palace, seaport and sea terminal, ancient Odessa region Moldavanka, wholesale market 7 km, the famous Odessa beaches Arcadia and Lanzheron (there are a few dozen beaches in the city), Primorsky and French boulevards. Odessa was founded on September 2, 1794 by a Spanish nobleman on the Russian sovereign service, Jose de Ribas, on behalf of which the name of the central street of the city Deribasovskaya took place. The very place, which now is Odessa, was inhabited many centuries ago. In Soviet times, the city was also famous for its film studio. On the site of Odessa was the Greek Greek colony Istrion. During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, the city of Hajibey appeared here. Odessa had to experience the naval blockade and artillery shelling of the Anglo-French squadron during the Crimean War. During the First World War, Odessa was occupied by the Austrians and the German parts of Kaiser Germany. After the capitulation of the Kaiser Germany, British and French ships entered the Odessa port. There was a period when the city was captured by the troops of the White Guard General Denikin. In 1920, after the capture of the city by the cavalry brigade of Grigory Kotovsky, Soviet power was established in Odessa. During the Second World War, Odessa survived the Romanian and German occupation. Before the occupation the city heroically held 73 days. October 16, 1941 the city included the German and Romanian parts. Over two and a half years of occupation, almost all the Jewish population of the city was exterminated. On April 10, 1944, the city was liberated from the Romanians and Germans by the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Odessa ([ɐdʲesːə], ukra Odesa [ɔdɛsɑ]) is a city in the south of Ukraine. The administrative center of the Odessa region and the main naval base of the Ukrainian Navy. The city is a hero. The population is 1 million people. The third largest city in Ukraine after Kiev and Kharkov by population. It is located on the shore of the Odessa Gulf of the Black Sea. The largest seaport of Ukraine. Trade, metal processing, oil refining, mechanical engineering, production of medicines and food products are developed. Sanatorium treatment and beach holidays, cruise tourism. The historical center of Odessa is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since V century BC. e. - a group of ancient settlements. The modern city as a naval port on the Black Sea was founded by the Russian Empire in 1794 on the site of the Tatar-Turkish settlement of Hadzhibey (known from the XV century and retired to Russia in 1791); was renamed Odessa (presumably, from the ancient city of Odessos) in 1795. By the end of the XIX century, Odessa became the fourth most populated city and the second largest port in the cargo turnover of the Russian Empire. Officially, the history of Odessa as a city is counted from 1794, when on May 27 (June 7), 1794, Empress Catherine II issued a rescript about the founding of the city and harbor in the place of Khadzhibey, and on August 22 (September 2), 1794 after the prayer and consecration of construction The first piles were built in the grounds of the city. Earlier, Osip de Ribas presented the report to Yekaterinoslav and Tauride Governor-General Prince Zubov, along with a request to build a city and a port on the site of Hadzhibey, as well as plans drawn up by the Colonel-Engineer of the Russian Army Franz de Vallan. De Ribas eventually managed to convince Catherine, and thus was approved by his project to establish the port and the city. In 1880 a horse-railway was opened here. Under the mayor of Richelieu, Odessa became the main port of the Russian Empire on the Black Sea. In the first days of December 1917 in the city there were fights between the Red Guards and the supporters of the Central Rada of the UPR (self-estates). As a result of this confrontation, power in the city passed under the control of the Central Rada. On December 21, 1917, Odessa was proclaimed "free city" until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. In mid-January 1918, the Bolsheviks raised an uprising, repulsed the city from supporters of the Central Rada and the Provisional Government. The city was established Soviet power, which went down in history under the name of the Odessa Soviet Republic. March 14, 1918 (here and further on the new style), as a result of the agreements of the Central Rada with the Central Powers, Austrian troops entered Odessa. Soviet power was overthrown. The power in the city formally belonged to the Ukrainian government of Hetman Skoropadsky. As a result of the defeat in the First World War and the revolutions in Germany and Austria-Hungary in November 1918, Austrian troops left Odessa. December 2, 1918 in Odessa began to arrive a variety of troops of the Entente countries - Serbian, French, Greek. Under the cover of the Entente troops, the troops of the Volunteer Army in mid-December 1918 dislodged the troops of Petlyura from Odessa. The rule of the French military administration was established in Odessa. As a result of the general offensive of the Bolsheviks, the Entente and the Volunteer Army left Odessa on April 6, 1919. The city included units of Soviet troops ataman Grigoriev and Soviet power was established until August 23, 1919, when the troops of the Volunteer Army returned to the city. But on February 7, 1920, Soviet power was established in Odessa definitively. During the Great Patriotic War, the Odessa defensive area fought with superior enemy forces for 73 days, from August 5 to October 16, 1941. August 8, the city was declared a state of siege. Since August 13, Odessa has been completely blocked from land. Despite the land blockade and numerical superiority, the enemy failed to break the resistance of the defenders, - the Soviet troops were planned to be evacuated and transferred to reinforce the 51st separate army defending in the Crimea. In 1941-1944 years. Odessa was occupied by Romanian troops and was part of Transnistria, G. Pyntya was appointed as the city's governor. In early 1944, due to the offensive of the Red Army, German troops were introduced to Odessa, and the Romanian administration was liquidated. During the occupation of Odessa, the city's population actively resisted the invaders. During the years of occupation, tens of thousands of Odessa civilians, mostly Jews, were executed. As a result of fierce fighting on April 10, 1944, troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, with the assistance of the forces of the Black Sea Fleet, liberated Odessa.
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa
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And now we will make a tour of the largest preserved fortress in Ukraine! This is the fortress of Akkerman, which is located near the mouth of the Dniester River at the confluence of this river into the Black Sea. The citadel itself is located in the city of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky, which is a regional center in the Odessa region. Belgorod-Dnestrovskaya fortress (room Cetatea Albă) (until 1944 - Akkermanskaya fortress) - a monument of history and town planning of the XIII-XV centuries. It is one of the best preserved on the territory of Ukraine. Its size exceeds all such fortifications of the country. The total area of the fortress is 9 hectares. The fortress lies on the rocky shore of the Dniester estuary and has the appearance of an irregular polygon. Previously, it consisted of four courtyards, each of which had a specific purpose and could independently conduct defense (Currently, only three serfs have survived). All fortifications are surrounded by solid walls, the length of which reaches 2.5 km. After 40-45 meters of curtains, fortress towers and bastions were built. Their initial number reached 34, 12 of them were hollow battle towers. The rest are bastions and half-bastions. They were later trapped and turned into sites for the installation of artillery guns. Many towers of the stronghold have their own names (tower of Ovid (Maiden), Watchtower, Pushkin Tower, etc.), which have become a reflection of local legends and legends. The fortress was laid in the XIII century. the Golden Horde khan Berke and was named Ak-Libo. [1] In the XIV century, the Genoese received the right (label) to use the fortress as a fortified trade center (the Genoese used the names of Mavrokastro, Monkastro). After losing the Golden Horde in the middle of the XIV century territories of the Dniester Estuary, the fortress was transferred to the management of the Moldovan princes. Genoese also lost the right to use the fortress. The medieval fortress, which was built during the periods of the Genoese and Moldovan rule, was repeatedly attacked. In the XV century, the garrison three times repelled the attempts of the Ottoman Empire to seize this stronghold. And only in 1484 the city's elders who presented the people presented Sultan Bayazid II with symbolic keys from the city and the fortress. For three centuries Akkerman was a part of Sultan Turkey. In addition, Cossack detachments led by the atamans E. Dashkevich, I. Pokotila, G. Loboda, R. Sobko, I. Sirko, S. Palia Three Russian-Turkish wars are associated with the city's history. In military campaigns, prominent Russian commanders and naval commanders participated: Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (during the second Russian-Turkish war for several months was the commandant of the fortress), the ataman of the Don Cossacks Matvey Platov - future heroes of the war with the French 1812-1813. and others. According to the Bucharest Peace Treaty (1812), the lands of the Lower Transdniestria with the fortresses of Khotyn, Tighina, Akkerman, Kiliya, Izmail were taken over by the Russian Empire. In 1832, the Akkerman fortress was abolished as a military facility. In 1963, Akkermanskaya fortress was added to the list of architectural monuments that are under state protection. Belgorod-Dnistrovsky fortress is a unique monument of defense architecture of the Middle Ages and the largest fortress in the territory of Eastern Europe. In 1975, the film Captain Nemo was shot here. Thanks to the talented play of the leading role of Vladislav Dvorzhetsky, this film has become a favorite for millions of viewers of many generations.
