Metal products are a large assortment of steel products of different sizes, shapes, as well as other alloys of several metals or pure metals, ready-made metal products, produced at the required melting temperature by rolling or casting. For rolling, alloyed steel, black steel, tin, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and other types of metal are used. The finished product is reinforcement, angles, channels, beams, a large number of types of wire, tape, sheets, corrugated board, pipes, rails, corrugated sheets.
In addition to finished products, blanks (semi-finished products) and blanks of machine parts are produced. One of the types or stages of production: on rolling mills, using methods of hot rolling, cold or warm, squeezing metal with special strong rollers. The concept of "metal products" includes a wide range of finished products, as well as blanks, which are classified by the type of metal, shape, size, purpose, and by the method of surface treatment.
The exact dimensions of the products according to the nomenclature, as well as their characteristics are attributed to the concept of assortment. The technical parameters may differ slightly from different manufacturers, but in general they correspond to the documents of GOST. The assortment is divided into sheet and long.
Application of metal products
No area of human activity can do without metal products, be it construction, instrument making, automotive industry, electrical engineering industry, petrochemical industry, equipment manufacturing and other types of production. Finished metal products and blanks are widely used on mining platforms during gas development. One of the important and widely used directions is construction (industrial and civil): the use of reinforcement in the construction of monolithic buildings, the construction of metal pipelines and gas pipelines, the production of fasteners, the manufacture of individual building elements.
Also it is the production of various metal boxes, pipes for ventilation and heating systems, sheet materials for roofing.
Types of metal products
Metal products differ in the feature of production, type of used metal alloy, method of surface treatment and type of finished products or blanks. Long product is represented by a simple type (circle, strip, hexagon, rod, square) and reinforcement. Long product is the most numerous group of blanks for further processing.
Classification by production feature
Hot-rolled. The blank is formed by strong heating of the alloy or steel. The rolling temperature of steel blanks is higher than the recrystallization temperature of metals. For example, the recrystallization temperature of molybdenum is quite high - 900 ° C, iron is more susceptible to melting - 450 ° C, and copper is only - 270 ° C, and such a metal as lead - minus 30 ° C. This method produces blanks with a constant cross-section. It is more often used for the production of products in the field of construction (reinforcing parts,
elements of metal frames.) Hot-rolled sheet is made from ingots and slabs (pieces,
plates) rectangular in shape. It has a rough surface to the touch and differs in color from cold-rolled.
Cold-rolled. The rolling temperature is lower than the recrystallization temperature. Here too,
the blank is rolled between rollers. Hot-deformed blanks are rolled at room temperature. Cold-rolled product has a smoother surface but is more susceptible to corrosion than hot-rolled.
Classification by type of used alloy. Black metal products. It is reliable,
strong and durable. Resistant to temperature changes,
has fire-resistant characteristics. In terms
of cost black rolled product is cheaper. This is cast iron,
steel,
a number
of ferroalloys by type for alloying.
Non-ferrous metal products. This is copper,
magnesium,
aluminum,
zinc,
brass,
bronze,
nickel,
copper-nickel alloys,
lead,
tin,
titanium.
More applicable in the following industries: medicine,
aviation,
instrument making,
electronics or space industry.
The main difference from black metal products is
the absence
of iron.
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Stainless steel products. It is obtained by cold and hot rolling.
It has a matte or mirror surface.
Resists
the influence
of alkalis,
acids
and other aggressive chemical environments.
It is easy to form,
cut
and weld.
Classification by method
of surface treatment
Calibrated.
Matte.
Polished.
Mirror.
Classification by type
of finished products (finished metal products)
The main four groups
of rolled product in this division: pipe,
sheet,
long,
special purpose.
Channels.
P-shaped product,
belongs to long shaped metal product.
For the manufacture
of load-bearing structures,
supports,
beams,
overlaps channels are ordered by production in
the required quantity.
Channel
is used in machine tool building,
machine building,
in the construction
of bridges
and crossings.
It is prepared by hot rolling
of steel ingots.
It is reliable and strong enough to withstand multi-ton weights,
more than 20-30 tons per one structure.
Beams (Or otherwise,
I-beam).
Looking at the cross section,
repeats the letter H.
This beam structure has high Metal load-bearing capacity with relatively low weight.
Low-alloy steel is used for production.
Types: normal,
wide-flange
and column.
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Angles.
Belong to the shaped,
special long product.
There are equal-leg (equal sides in size) and unequal-leg (different sides).
Reinforcement.
The first widespread use - reinforcement of concrete structures in the construction of buildings,
bridges.
Long type of product,
made in the form of a rod with a ribbed or smooth surface.
Class 1 reinforcement - smooth,
classes from 2 to 6 - ribbed.
Wire.
This is a semi-finished product for the manufacture of other products: nails,
welding electrodes,
heating coils,
but in construction it can be used as an independent product.
It looks wound into coils or on drums.
Tapes.
Requirements for production: GOST 3560-73. The thickness of the tapes produced by modern industry is in the range of 0.2-1.8 mm, and their width is from 15 to 50 mm. But in GOST, a deviation in the value of thickness is provided. Stainless tape is made of high-quality steel grade 12X18H10T.
Sheets.
Represented by an assortment of black and stainless metal products: cold-rolled, hot-rolled, perforated, corrugated, expanded; non-ferrous metal products: nickel, lead, titanium, copper.
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Pipes.
Represented by a large assortment. Round, square, rectangular, different diameters. Materials of manufacture: steel, copper, cast iron. By the way of connecting pipes: welding, pressing. They are divided into the following types: steel, galvanized, copper, cast iron.
Rails.
Differs from I-beam in shape of profile. Designed for moving wagons and trains along the railway or within the production areas of individual plants.